University Level Python Code Examples
(Educational & Safe)
1) RSA Implementation (Simple, Not for Production)
import random
from math import gcd
def is_prime(n, k=8):
if n < 2:
return False
small_primes = [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29]
for p in small_primes:
if n == p:
return True
if n % p == 0:
return False
d = n - 1
s = 0
while d % 2 == 0:
d //= 2
s += 1
def trial(a):
x = pow(a, d, n)
if x == 1 or x == n-1:
return True
for _ in range(s-1):
x = pow(x, 2, n)
if x == n-1:
return True
return False
for _ in range(k):
a = [Link](2, n-2)
if not trial(a):
return False
return True
def egcd(a, b):
if b == 0:
return 1, 0, a
x, y, g = egcd(b, a % b)
return y, x - (a // b) * y, g
def modinv(a, m):
x, y, g = egcd(a, m)
if g != 1:
raise Exception("modular inverse does not exist")
return x % m
def generate_keys(bits=512):
p = generate_prime(bits//2)
q = generate_prime(bits//2)
while q == p:
q = generate_prime(bits//2)
n = p * q
phi = (p-1)*(q-1)
e = 65537
if gcd(e, phi) != 1:
while True:
e = [Link](3, phi, 2)
if gcd(e, phi) == 1:
break
d = modinv(e, phi)
return (e, n), (d, n)
def encrypt(plaintext: bytes, pubkey):
e, n = pubkey
m = int.from_bytes(plaintext, 'big')
if m >= n:
raise ValueError("Message too long")
return pow(m, e, n)
def decrypt(cipher_int: int, privkey):
d, n = privkey
m = pow(cipher_int, d, n)
length = (m.bit_length() + 7)//8
return m.to_bytes(length, 'big')
2) Secure Login System Using bcrypt
import bcrypt
def register_user(username, password):
pw = [Link]('utf-8')
hashed = [Link](pw, [Link](rounds=12))
return {"username": username, "password_hash": hashed}
def authenticate(user_record, password_attempt):
pw = password_attempt.encode('utf-8')
return [Link](pw, user_record["password_hash"])