Chapter 13
Q85. A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of
their environment awareness programme, in while they collected
the following data regarding the number of plants in 20 houses in a
locality. Find the mean number of plants per house.
Solution
So, the mean of the data is given by
x = (f₁x₁ + f₂x₂ + ....... + fₙxₙ) / (f₁ + f₂ + ...... + fₙ)
x = Σfᵢxᵢ / Σfᵢ where i varies from 1 to n.
From the table it can be observed that,
Σfᵢ= 20
Σfᵢxᵢ = 162
Mean, x = Σfᵢxᵢ / Σfᵢ
= 162/20
= 8.1
Thus, the mean number of plants in each house has 8.1.
Q86. The following frequency distribution gives the monthly
consumption of electricity of 68 customers of a locality. Find the
median, mean and mode of the data and compare them.
Solution
We will find the mean by step-deviation method
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) × h
Modal Class is the class with the highest frequency
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀) / (2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
Here,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f₁
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂
Median Class is the class having Cumulative frequency(cf) just
greater than n/2
Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h
Class size, h
Number of observations, n
Lower limit of median class, l
Frequency of median class, f
Cumulative frequency of class preceding median class, cf
Class mark, xᵢ = (Upper class limit + Lower class limit)/2
Class size, h = 20
Taking assumed mean, a = 135
From the table, we obtain, Σfᵢ = 68 and
Σfᵢuᵢ = 7
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) × h
= 135 + (7/68) × 20
= 135 + 140/68
= 135 + 2.05
= 137.05
From the table, it can be observed that
the maximum class frequency is 20,
belonging to class interval 125 − 145.
Class size, h = 20
Modal class = 125 − 145
Lower limit of modal class, l = 125
Frequency of modal class, f₁ = 20
Frequency of class preceding modal
class, f₀ = 13
Frequency of class succeeding the modal
class, f₂ = 14
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
= 125 + [(20 - 13)/(2 × 20 - 13 - 14)] × 20
= 125 + [7/(40 - 27)] × 20
= 125 + (7/13) × 20
= 125 + 140/13
= 125 + 10.76
= 135.76
To find the median of the given data, cumulative frequency is
calculated as follows:
From the table, we obtain
n = 68 ⇒ n/2 = 34
Cumulative frequency(cf) just greater than n/2 is 42, belonging to
class-interval 125 − 145. Therefore, median class = 125 - 145
Therefore, median class = 125 - 145
Class size, h = 20
Lower limit of median class, l = 125
Frequency of median class, f = 20
Cumulative frequency of class preceding median class, cf = 22
Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h
= 125 + [(34 - 22)/20] × 20
= 125 + 12
= 137
Therefore, median, mode, mean of the given data is 137, 135.76, and
137.05 respectively.
So, mean > median > mode
Q87. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8. Find
the missing frequency x.
Solution
Mean, (x) = (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) = 62.8 ... Given
⇒ 62.8/ 1 = 2640 + 50x / 40 + x
⇒2512 + 62.8x = 2640 + 50x
⇒ 62.8x − 50x = 2640 − 2512
⇒ 12.8x = 128
⇒ x = 10
[Link] women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the
number of heart beats per minute were recorded and summarised
as follows. Find the mean heart beats per minute for these women,
choosing a suitable method.
Solution
Taking assumed mean, a = 75.5
From the table, we obtain Σfᵢ = 30 , Σfᵢuᵢ = 4, Σfᵢdᵢ = 12
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢdᵢ/Σfᵢ)
x = 75.5 + (12/30)
x = 75.5 + 0.4
x = 75.9
Thus, for the given problem, the mean heartbeat per minute for
these women is 75.9.
[Link] following table shows the ages of the patient admitted in a
hospital during a year. Find the mode of the given data.
Solution
We will find the mean by the direct method.
Mean, (x) = Σfᵢxᵢ/Σfᵢ
Modal Class is the class with the highest frequency
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
Here,
Class size is h
The lower limit of modal class is l
The Frequency of modal class is f₁
Frequency of class preceding modal class is f₀
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class is f₂
To find Mean, we know that, class mark,
xᵢ = (Upper-class limit + Lower-class limit)/2
From the table it can be observed that, Σfᵢ = 80 and Σfᵢxᵢ = 2830
Mean, (x) = Σfᵢxᵢ/Σfᵢ
= 2830/80
= 35.37
To find mode, we know that modal class is the class with the
highest frequency.
From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class
frequency is 23, belonging to class interval 35 − 45.
Therefore, Model class = 35 − 45
Class size, h = 10
Lower limit of model class, l = 35
Frequency of modal class, f₁ = 23
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀ = 21
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀ = 21
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂ = 14
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
= 35 + [(23 - 21)/(2 × 23 - 21 - 14)] × 10
= 35 + [2/(46 - 35)] × 10
= 35 + (2/11) × 10
= 35 + 1.8
= 36.8
So, the modal age is 36.8 years which means the maximum
number of patients admitted to the hospital are of age 36.8 years.
Mean age is 35.37 and the average age of the patients admitted is
35.37 years.
[Link] given distribution shows the no. of runs scored by some
top batsmen of the world in one - day international cricket
matches:
Solution
Modal Class is the class with the highest frequency
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀) / (2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
Here,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f₁
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂
From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class
frequency is 18, belonging to class interval 4000 − 5000
Therefore, modal class = 4000 − 5000
Class size, h = 1000
Lower limit of modal class, l = 4000
Frequency of modal class, f₁ = 18
Frequency of class preceding modal
class, f₀ = 4
Frequency of class succeeding the modal
class, f₂ = 9
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
= 4000 + [(18 - 4)/(2 × 18 - 4 - 9)] × 1000
= 4000 + [14/(36 - 13)] × 1000
= 4000 + (14/23) × 1000
= 4000 + 608.695
= 4608.695
= 4608.7
Hence the mode is 4608.7
Q91. surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone
directory and the frequency distributed of the number of letters in
the English alphabets in the surnames was obtained as follows:
Determine the median number of letters in the surnames. Find the
mean number and also find the modal size of the surnames.
Solution
We will find the mean by step-deviation method
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) × h
Modal Class is the class with the highest frequency
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀) / (2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
Here,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f₁
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂
Median Class is the class having Cumulative frequency(cf) just
greater than n/2
Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h
Class size, h
Number of observations, n
Lower limit of median class, l
Frequency of median class, f
Cumulative frequency of class preceding median class, cf
Let us find the median.
From the table, it can be observed that n = 100 ⇒ n/2 = 50
Cumulative frequency (cf) just greater than 50 is 76, belonging to
class 7 - 10.
Therefore, median class = 7 - 10
Class size, h = 3
Lower limit of median class, l = 7
Frequency of median class, f = 40
Cumulative frequency of class preceding median class, cf = 36
Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h
= 7 + [(50 - 36)/40] × 3
= 7 + (14/40) × 3
= 7 + 21/20
= 7 + 1.05
= 8.05
Now, we will find the mean.
Class mark, xi = (Upper class limit + Lower class limit)/2
Taking assumed mean, a = 11.5
From the table, we obtain, Σfᵢ = 100 and Σfᵢuᵢ = -106
Class size, h = 3
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) × h
= 11.5 + (-106/100) × 3
= 11.5 - 318/100
= 11.5 - 3.18
= 8.32
Let's find the mode.
From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class
frequency is 40, belonging to class interval 7 − 10.
Class size, h = 3
Modal class = 7 − 10
Lower limit of modal class, l = 7
Frequency of modal class, f₁ = 40
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀ = 30
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂ = 16
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
= 7 + [(40 - 30)/(2 × 40 - 30 - 16)] × 3
= 7 + (10/34) × 3
= 7 + 15/17
= 7 + 0.88
= 7.88
Therefore, the median and mean number of letters in surnames is
8.05 and 8.32 respectively and modal size of surnames is 7.88.
Q92. The mean of the following distribution is 31.4 . Determine the
missing frequency x .
Solution
Here, the total product of the
class mark and the frequency,
∑fixi= 1450 + 15x
And the total number of families,
Σ𝑓𝑖 = 42 + 𝑥
So,
mean =∑fixi / ∑fi
31.4 = 1450 + 15x / 42 + x
⇒ 31. 4(42 + 𝑥) = 1450 + 15𝑥
⇒ 1318. 8 + 31. 4𝑥 = 1450 + 15𝑥
⇒ 31. 4𝑥 − 15𝑥 = 1450 − 1318. 8
⇒ 16. 4𝑥 = 131. 2
x = 131.2 / 16.4
⇒𝑥=8
Hence, the value of 𝑥 is 8