Discovering
Computers
Living in a Digital World
The Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
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Evolution of the Internet
• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September
1969 and had two main goals:
Allow scientists at
Function even if part of
different physical
the network were
locations to share
disabled or destroyed
information and work
by a disaster
together
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Evolution of the Internet
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
1969 ARPANET and
ARPANET becomes 1996
becomes known as the Internet2 is
functional Internet founded
1984 1995 NSFNet Today More
ARPANET has terminates than 550
more than its network million hosts
1,000 on the connect to
individual Internet and the Internet
computers resumes
linked as status as
hosts research
network
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Evolution of the Internet
• Each organization is responsible only for
maintaining its own network
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees
research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities
and 115 companies via a high-speed private
network
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Evolution of the Internet
• Many home and small business users connect to
the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service
Fiber to
Cable Cellular Satellite
the Fixed
Internet DSL Radio Wi-Fi Internet
Premises wireless
service Network Service
(FTTP)
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Evolution of the Internet
• An access provider is a business that provides individuals
and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee
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Evolution of the Internet
Wireless Internet
ISP (Internet service Online service
service provider
provider) provider (OSP)
(WISP)
Regional ISPs provide Provides wireless
Internet access to a Has many members- Internet access to
specific geographical only features computers and
area mobile devices
National ISPs provide Popular OSPs include
Internet access in AOL (America Online) May require a
cities and towns and MSN (Microsoft wireless modem
nationwide Network)
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Evolution of the Internet
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Evolution of the Internet
• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address
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The World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a
worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means
for users to interact
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The World Wide Web
• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to
access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs
Internet
Firefox Opera
Explorer
Google
Safari
Chrome
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The World Wide Web
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The World Wide Web
• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are
page that a Web site designed specifically for
displays microbrowsers
• Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the
process of receiving
information
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The World Wide Web
• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or
Web address
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The World Wide Web
• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple
Web pages in a single Web browser window
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The World Wide Web
• Two types of search tools are search engines and
subject directories
Search Subject
engine directory
Classifies Web
Finds information
pages in an
related to a
organized set of
specific topic
categories
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The World Wide Web
• A search engine is helpful in locating items such
as:
Images Videos Audio News
People or
Maps Blogs
Businesses
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The World Wide Web
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The World Wide Web
• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search
box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search
engine’s Web page prior to entering the search
text
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The World Wide Web
• Search operators can help to refine your search
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The World Wide Web
• There are thirteen types of Web sites
Portal News Informational Business/Marketing
Blog Wiki Online Social Educational
Network
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The World Wide Web
Entertainment Advocacy Web
Application
Content Personal
Aggregator
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The World Wide Web
• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages
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The World Wide Web
• Multimedia refers to any application that
combines text with:
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The World Wide Web
• A graphic is a digital
representation of
nontext information
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF
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The World Wide Web
• A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger
graphic
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The World Wide Web
• Animation is the appearance of motion created
by displaying a series of still images in sequence
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The World Wide Web
• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound
– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow
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The World Wide Web
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The World Wide Web
• Video consists of full-motion images that are
played back at various speeds
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The World Wide Web
• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to
simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional space
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The World Wide Web
• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability
of a Web browser
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The World Wide Web
• Web publishing is the development and
maintenance of Web pages
Analyze
Maintain
Plan a and Create a Deploy a
a Web
Web site design a Web site Web site
site
Web site
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E-Commerce
• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs
over an electronic network
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place
using mobile devices
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E-Commerce
Business-
to-
consumer
(B2C)
E-commerce
Business- Consumer-
to- to-
business consumer
(B2B) (C2C)
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E-Commerce
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Other Internet Services
• E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages
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Other Internet Services
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Other Internet Services
• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses
given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name
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Other Internet Services
• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet
communications service
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Other Internet Services
• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer
• A chat room is a
location on an Internet
server that permits
users to chat with each
other
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Other Internet Services
• VoIP (Voice over IP)
enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony
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Other Internet Services
• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
– Typically requires a
newsreader
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group
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Other Internet Services
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard
that permits file uploading and downloading with
other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP
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Netiquette
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet
behavior
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