Faraday's Experiment and Lenz's Rule Explained
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yahiasoheimFaraday's Experiment and Lenz's Rule Explained
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Chapter (3)
Faraday’s Experiment & Lenz’s Rule
1) (D) electric resistance.
2) (B) Generation of induced current in opposite direction to that produced on plunging the magnet.
3) (B) T.m2/sec
m Bex A T.m 2
emf av N emf av N Volt
t t sec
4) (C) The direction of the magnet motion.
5) (C) Magnetic flux density, velocity of motion of the magnet and number of turns.
m Bex A
emf av N emf av N
t t
6) (A) Increases.
As the velocity increases the induced emf increases due to cutting the magnetic lines in a short time and
make the rate at which the coil cutting the magnetic field higher.
d 1 m 1
v v (1) emf av N emf av (2)
t t t t
From (1) & (2): emf av v
7) (C) The electric charge.
m m Q
emfav N IR N R N m
t t t t
So the electric charge remains constant (doesn’t depend) if the magnet moves with velocity (2v).
8) (A) The change in the flux, the resistance of the circuit.
m m Q
emfav N IR N R N m
t t t t
So the electric charge depends on the change in the flux (ϕm), the resistance of the circuit (R).
9) (A) Lenz’s rule
2
10) (D)
When the magnet moves to right, the terminal (A) will attract with
the magnet and terminal (B) will repel, so both poles are (North) by
using Lenz’s rule.
11) (A) oscillates about the zero point of the scale.
When the magnet vibrates into and out of the coil, the motion will produce an induced
current in two opposite directions, so the needle of the galvanometer will oscillates
about the zero point of the scale.
12) (D)
No induced current is generated because the ring is opened, so no magnetic force is
generated (whenever the magnet approaches or moves away the ring).
13) (B) magnet (B) reaches to the earth before the other.
The magnet (A) passes through the copper ring, it generates an induced emf
and induced current which causes an induced magnetic field that opposes the
field of magnet (A) and decelerates its motion. But the magnet (B) passing
through the glass ring and as the glass is an insulator material, so no induced
current is generated, so magnet (B) reaches to the earth before the other.
14) (C) At zero.
There is no change in the magnetic field cutting the coil, so no induced current will be
generated.
15) (B) To the left.
By applying Lenz’s rule then Ampere’s right hand rule.
3
16) (A) the North pole and moves towards the coil.
By applying Ampere’s right hand rule then Lenz’s rule.
17) (D)
Magnet (1):
When the magnet (1) moves to right will repel the coil, so by applying
A.R.H.R, the poles are shown in the figure.
Then By Lenz’s rule, the Pole (B) is South Pole.
Magnet (2):
When the magnet (2) moves to right will repel the coil, so by applying
A.R.H.R, the poles are shown in the figure.
Then By Lenz’s rule, the Pole (D) is North Pole.
18) (D)
On approaching magnet’s North Pole:
By applying Lenz’s rule, then A.R.H.R, the induced current generated in the coil
is in opposite direction to the battery current, so the brightness of the lamp
decreases.
On approaching magnet’s South Pole:
By applying Lenz’s rule, then A.R.H.R, the induced current generated in the coil
is in opposite direction to the battery current, so the brightness of the lamp
decreases.
19) (A) Increases.
When the South Pole of a magnet approached to the terminal (A)
According to Lenz’s rule, it will be a South Pole at terminal (A)
and induced current will be generated in the same direction as the
original current of the battery, so the brightness of lamp will
increase momentarily.
4
20) (D) It increases.
When the magnet is being moved away from the coil a South Pole will be
generated in the right side of the solenoid, so an induced current will be
generated in the circuit in same direction of the original current passing in
the circuit (Applying Lenz's rule then Ampere's right hand rule), so the
ammeter reading increases.
21) (B) The direction of the current induced in the ring is clockwise at face (A).
By using Lenz’s rule then Ampere’s right hand rule.
22) (B) The negative direction of the x-axis.
The bar magnet is moving in the positive direction of the
x-axis perpendicular to the plane of a metallic ring, so a North Pole
is generated in a left side of the ring and by applying Ampere’s right
hand rule, the direction of the magnetic field at the center of the ring
due to electric current through it is along the negative direction of
the x-axis.
23) (C)
Due to the variation of the magnetic flux lines linked with the ring, an
induced current is generated and produce a magnetic field tends to oppose
the magnet, so the direction of induced current produced in the ring is
clockwise and attraction force will happen, so the ring will move towards
the magnet (To the right).
24) (D)
By using Lenz’s rule, then Ampere’s right hand rule.
25) (D)
By using Lenz’s rule, then Ampere’s right hand rule.
26) (B) less than
By using Lenz’s rule then Ampere’s right hand rule, the direction of the induced
current will be from (b) to (a) through the resistance, so (Vb > Va).
5
27) (D) Increasing the density of the acting magnetic flux on the ring.
When the induced current generated in the metallic ring is in clockwise direction,
so the induced magnetic field is in into the page by applying (A.R.H.R) which
opposite direction to the original magnetic field (backward induced field), so the
magnetic flux density acting on the ring must be increase.
28) (B) the magnetic flux decreases with a uniform rate.
By using Ampere’s right hand rule, the direction of the induced magnetic lines is out of
the page (in the same direction of the original magnetic lines), so the forward induced
emf is generated, so the magnetic flux decreases with a uniform rate in the circuit.
29) (C)
If the field increases, a backward induced emf is generated in the coil
(Out of the page), in the opposite direction to the original one, so an anticlockwise
induced current is generated in the coil.
If the field decreases, a forward induced emf is generated in the coil
(Into the page), in the same direction as the original one, so a clockwise induced
current is generated in the coil.
30) (A) Anticlockwise
The direction of the induced current in the ring will be anticlockwise
because when moving the ring to get out of the magnetic field, the magnetic
flux acting on it decreases and according to Lenz's rule a current is induced
in the ring such that it opposes the change in flux (the decrease in the flux)
i.e. a field that is in the same direction of the acting (original) field.
31) (D) No induced current
No induced current is generated in the ring because the magnetic flux lines
don't cut the ring. (Ring moves parallel to the field)
32) (D) No induced current is generated in the two rings.
The two rings placed parallel to the magnetic field. (There is no cutting of magnetic
field with the rings).
6
33) (D) It gives the same deflection in the same direction.
By using Lenz’s rule then Ampere’s right hand rule for the two figures.
The pointer gives the same deflection in the same direction, as they move with
the same velocity in the two cases and both approach from the North Pole.
34) (A) 0
Because the coil and the magnet are moved in the same direction by the same
distance where each of them moves at a uniform velocity, there is no change in the
magnetic field cutting the coil and there is no induced current in the coil.
35) (B)
Where the moving the two magnets have equal constant speeds (v).
The induced current generated from moving the right bar magnet
towards the solenoid with South Pole is in the same direction of
the induced current generated from moving the left bar magnet
towards the solenoid with North pole, so the galvanometer
pointer gives the greatest deflection on its scale.
36) (C) Greater than 10 units to the right.
When moving a North Pole of a magnet inside a coil, the maximum
deflection of the pointer is 10 units to the left, so when moving away the
South Pole at the other side from the coil with velocity double that of the
first case the induced emf will be doubled (As the velocity is doubled) but
the induced emf is in opposite direction that in first case.
37) (C) smaller than the speed of magnet (y) and in its direction
Since the deflection of galvanometer pointer in figure (x) is smaller than that
of figure (y), it means that the speed of magnet (x) is smaller than the speed of
magnet (y), and by applying lenz’s rule then (A.R.H.R), the direction of
motion of the two magnets (x, y) are in the same direction.
7
38) (C) (1), (2)
In figure (1):
When the magnet moved away from the solenoid, a South Pole will generate
near the North Pole of the bar magnet, so an induced emf will be generated in
the solenoid in the direction shown.
In figure (2):
The bar magnet moved in same direction of the solenoid with same velocity, so
no induced emf will be generated in the solenoid.
39) (D)
When the magnet approaching the solenoid with South Pole with velocity
(v) from a distance (d) an induced current will be generated in the circuit
and the pointer of the galvanometer deflects to the right, so when the
magnet approaching the solenoid with North Pole with velocity (2v) from
a distance (d) an induced current will be generated in the circuit double
that generated in the first case and the pointer of the galvanometer deflects
to the left.
40) (B) The induced current intensity in ring (B) is greater.
The greater height, the greater velocity
h
emf av v v v h (At constant (t))
t
emfav h hA hB vA vB
emf av A emf av B emfav Iind Iind A Iind B
41) (A) less than.
Due to the magnet is falling freely so the time when the magnet is going in is greater
than the time when the magnet is going out the coil (due to gravity when going out,
the velocity increases), so the emf when the magnet is going out will be greater as
Nm 1
( emfav ) emfav
t t
42) (B)
m
emf N emf (2)N (2)
t
R (1 / 2)I (2) → Backward induced emf is generated → Repulsion force increases.
8
43) (B) Doubled.
m m
emfav N (As is constant) emf 2N 2
t t
44) (A) The induced emf is increased four times.
m
emfav N emf av m emfav Bex A A r 2 D 2r
t
emf av r 2 emf av D 2 emf av (4)D 2 (2) 2
OR
(When the other factors are constant)
2 2
emf av1 D1 emf av1 D1 1
emf av D 2 emf av 2 4emf av1
emf av 2 D 2 2 emf av 2 (2D1 ) 2
4
45) (D) the potential of point (a) is equal to the potential of point (b).
Because the coil moved with the same velocity and in the same direction as
the magnet. There is no change in the magnetic field cutting the coil, so there
is no induced current generated in the coil.
46) (B) End (y) of the coil acts as South Pole and point (a) has negative potential.
By applying Lenz’s rule then Ampere’s right hand rule.
47) (D) The brightness of the lamp increases on moving the magnet in the direction (1).
The lamp before moving the magnet affects by original current due to voltage equal (2VB – VB = VB)
In direction (1):
After moving the magnet in direction (1), the induced (0.5VB) in the
same direction of the original current, so the brightness of the lamp
increases.
In direction (2):
After moving the magnet in direction (2), the induced (0.5VB) in the
opposite direction of the original current, so the brightness of the
lamp decreases.
9
48) (A) with velocity (v) to the left.
When the solenoid moves with the same velocity of the magnet in the
same direction, there is no cut in the magnetic field (or the rate of
cutting is kept constant), so there is no induced current in the coil.
49) (B) Step (II) only.
Because the solenoid and the magnet moved with the same speed and
in the same direction, there is no change in the magnetic field cutting
the solenoid and there is no induced current generated in the solenoid.
50) Experiment (D)
51) (B) emf1 = emf4 > emf2 = emf3
Figures (1) & (4):
Have the same value of the induced emf and same direction.
Figure (2):
Has no motion, so no emf is generated in the coil.
Figure (3):
Has two magnetic fields due to the motion of the two magnetic, equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction, so they cancel each other.
52) (B)
Due to that galvanometer (1) and the magnet are moving in the
same direction and the velocity by which galvanometer (2)
moves is greater than that of galvanometer (1) and moving in
opposite direction to the magnet, so that the reading of
galvanometer (2) is greater than the galvanometer (1), (G2 > G1).
By applying Lenz’s rule then Ampere’s right hand rule.
The two currents are in opposite directions to each other.
11
53) (A) pole (A) is North and pole (D) is North.
The induced current generated from moving magnet (1)
towards the solenoid with North Pole has same magnitude
and in opposite direction of the induced current generated
from moving magnet (2) towards the solenoid with North
Pole, so they cancel each other and there is no deflection in
the galvanometer pointer.
54) (B) 1,4
55) (B) (I), (II)
Bex A
emf av N
t
56) (A) 4 divisions to the left.
m d
emfav N , and v ((d) is constant) when the
t t
velocity increased to double, time is decreased to half, so
emf increased to double.
(2 divisions × 2 = 4 divisions).
Reversing the magnetic poles will reverse the direction of the pointer of galvanometer (to the left).
57) (A) (D)
m Bex A Bex r 2
emf N emf N emf N
t t t
Bex
The magnetic field vanishes at the same moment so (const) and ( N 1)
t
emfr 2
The ring (D) has the largest radius, so it has the greatest induced emf.
emf IR emfI
So the ring (D) has the greatest induced current.
N
58) (B) anticlockwise.
By applying Lenz’s rule then Ampere’s right hand rule. I
S
11
59) (D) Anticlockwise.
By applying (Lenz’s Rule):
The upper face of the loop has a north pole.
By applying (A.R.H.R.):
The direction of the current is anticlockwise.
60) (A)
When the magnetic field passing through the coil increases regularly a
backward induced field is generated in the coil (out of the page) and
opposite to the original), according to Lenz’s rule the direction of the induced
current is in anti-clockwise direction first from (D) to (C) as larger length
(higher emf) and then pass through the loop from (B) to (A).
61) (A) Anticlockwise
Before rotating: The ring is parallel to the field.
When the ring rotates 90°: The ring is perpendicular to the field, so the field
increases and is (into the ring)
According to Lenz’s rule a current is induced in the ring such that it opposes the change in flux (the
increase in the flux), so field that is in the opposite direction. (Out of the ring)
So, the direction of the induced current will be anticlockwise.
62) (D)
1. When the small bar magnet is approaching with a uniform velocity to
the solenoid a backward induced magnetic field will be generated
and the galvanometer’s pointer will deflect in one direction.
2. When the magnet enters the solenoid completely so there is no change in
the magnetic flux, no induced electric current will be generated and no
deflection angle of the galvanometer’s pointer (stop at zero).
3. When the magnet starts to exit the solenoid from the other side a forward
induced magnetic field will be generated and the galvanometer’s pointer
will deflect in the opposite direction.
12
Change in ((B) and (A))
1) (D) 0.02Wb/sec
m m m
emf av N 10 500 0.02Wb / sec
t t t
2) (D) – 200V
m 2 1 (0.04 0.02)
emf av N emf av N emf av 100
t t 0.01
emf av 200V
3) (A)
emfav N
m
emfav 200
2.5 10 3
0.4 10 3
t 0.4
emf av 1.05V
If the magnet has been fallen through the coil with larger velocity (time
d 1
decreases), v v (At constant (d))
t t
m
So, the induced emf will increase according to: emf av N
t
4) (A)
m (8.5 10 3 ) (2.5 10 3 )
emfav N emfav 200 emf av 3V
t 0.4
By using Lenz’s rule then Ampere’s right hand rule: The direction of induced
current is anti-clockwise.
5) (A)
m2 0.1 0.2 0.3Wb m m2 m1 m 0.3 0.1 0.2Wb
m 0.2
emfav N emf av 100 emfav 200V
t 0.1
If the field increases in the same direction, a backward field is generated in the coil, in the opposite
direction of the original field.
So, by applying (A.R.H.R) the direction of the induced current in the resistance is from (a) to (b).
13
6) (B)
m 0.1 0.05 m 0.05Wb
m 0.05
emfav N emf av 100 emf av 50 V
t 0.1
If the field decreases in the same direction, a forward field is generated
in the coil, in the same direction of the original field.
So, by applying (A.R.H.R) the direction of the induced current in the resistance is from (b) to (a).
7) (C) 200V
m (0.1 (0.1)) m 0.2Wb
m 0.2
emfav N emf av 100 emfav 200V
t 0.1
3BA
8) (D)
8
B 3B
B ex B1 B 2 Bex B Bex
4 4
m Bex A cos N
emfav N emf av N
t t
emfav 1
3B / 4 A cos 0 emfav
3BA
2 8
9) (A) 0.0625V
m B ex A
emfav N emf av N
t t
(1 0.5) (0.5) 2
emf av 5 emf av 0.0625V
10
10) (A) 0.12V
m Bex A
emfav N emf av N
t t
(0.5 0.2) (1 / 2) 0.2 0.2
emf av 1 emfav 0.12V
50 10 3
14
11) (A)
When the magnetic flux density increases to 0.5T within 2ms:
m
emfav N
t
Bex A (0.5 0.3) 4 104
emf av N emfav 400 emfav 16V
t 2 103
When the magnetic flux density decreases to 0.2T within 2ms:
m
emfav N
t
Bex A (0.2 0.3) 4 10 4
emf av N emf av 400 emf av 8V
t 2 10 3
12) (C)
Bex A (0.55 0) 1.8 10 4
emf av N m emf av N emf av 25
t t 0.75
emf av 3.3 10 3 V
emf IR 3.3 10 3 I 3 I 1.1103 A
13) (B) 333
m Bex A
emf av N emf av N
t t
3 (2.5 10 2 0) 2.25 10 3
75 10 N N = 333 turns
0.25
14) (C) 0.327m
m Bex A Bex r 2
emfav N emfav N emfav N
t t t
(12 0.12) (22 / 7) r 2
0.3 9 r = 0.327m
2 60
15) (A) 1.54×10-4sec
m Bex A Bex r 2
emfav N emf av N emfav N
t t t
(0.2 0) (22 / 7) (7 10 2 ) 2
10 10 3 500 Δt = 1.54×10-4sec
t
15
16) (B) BL2
B1 0 B2 B A L2
m Bex .A m (B 0) L2 m BL2
m BL2 0
emfav N emfav 1 emf av BL2
t 1
17) (A) 0.1s
m (1) 0 m ( 2 ) BA
m BA 0
emfav N emfav 1
t t 0
0.16 (10 10 104 )
0.4 25 t 0.1s
t
18) (B) 0.5T
When the second hand of the clock makes a complete cycle:
(N = 1), (Δt = 60s)
m Bex A B ex 0.72
emf N emf N 6 10 3 1
t t 60
Bex 0.5T
19) (B) 9.2×10-3V
m Bex A
emfav N emfav N
t t
0.46 (27 9) 10 4
emf av 1 emfav = 9.2×10-3V
0.09
20) (B) 31.65×10-3V
m Bex A
emf av N emfav N
t t
0.15 (3.14 (0.12) 2 ) (3 10 3 )
emf av 1 emf av 31 .65 10 3 V
0.2
16
Change in (ϕm)
1) (A) –15V
m final int ial t t final t int ial
During the first second:
m (0.03 0)
emfav N emf av 500 emfav = 15V
t (1 0)
2) (B)
m final int ial t t final t int ial
During the 2nd and the 3rd second:
m (0.03 0.03)
emfav N emf av 500 emfav = Zero
t (3 1)
During the last two seconds:
m (0 0.03)
emfav N emf av 500 emfav 7.5V
t (5 3)
3) (A)
m final int ial t t final t int ial
During the 1st second:
m (0.03 0)
emfav N emf av 500 emfav = 15V
t (1 0)
During the 2nd and the 3rd second:
m (0.03 0.03)
emfav N emf av 500 emfav = Zero
t (3 1)
During the last two second:
m (0 0.03)
emfav N emf av 500 emfav 7.5V
t (5 3)
4) (C)
During the 1st second:
(2 0)
emfav N m emfav N emfav 2 N
t t 0 t
During the 2nd and 3rd seconds:
( 2) 1
emfav N m emfav N emfav N
t 3t t 2 t
During the last two seconds:
() ()
emfav N m emf av N emfav 2 N
t 4t 3t t
17
5) (D) 100V
m final int ial t t final t int ial
m (0 0.8) (10 3 )
emfav N emf av 500 emf av 100 V
t (4 10 3 0)
6) (C) Interval CD
m m
emf av N emf av
t t
So, the maximum induced emf is generated in the time interval (CD) as it
m
has the greatest slope Slope
t
7) (A) 0.24A
Bex Bfinal Binitial t t final t initial
From (A) to (B):
B ex A (0 0.6) 0.2
emf av N emfav 1 emfav = 0.06V
t (2 0)
emf av I ind R 0.06 I ind 0.25 I ind 0.24A
8) (C)
Bex Bfinal Binitial t t final t initial
From (B) to (C):
B ex A (0 0) 0.2
emf av N emfav 1 emfav Zero
t (4 2)
emf av I ind R 0 I ind 0.25 Iind = Zero
From (C) to (D):
B ex A (0.3 0) 0.2
emf av N emfav 1 emfav = 0.03V
t (6 4)
emf av I ind R 0.03 I ind 0.25 Iind 0.12A
18
9) (B)
Bex Bfinal Binitial t t final t initial
From (A) to (B):
B ex A (0 0.6) 0.2
emf av N emfav 1 emfav = 0.06V
t (2 0)
emf av I ind R 0.06 I ind 0.25 Iind 0.24 A
From (B) to (C):
B ex A (0 0) 0.2
emf av N emfav 1 emfav Zero
t (4 2)
emf av I ind R 0 I ind 0.25 Iind = Zero
From (C) to (D):
B ex A (0.3 0) 0.2
emf av N emfav 1 emfav = 0.03V
t (6 4)
emf av I ind R 0.03 I ind 0.25 Iind 0.12A
10) (B)
m Bex A
emfav N emf av N emf av A (Constant other factors)
t t
emf av ( x ) A emf av ( x ) 2A emf av ( x ) 2
x
emf av ( y ) Ay emf av ( y ) A emf av ( y ) 1
emf av ( x ) 2emf av ( y )
1
11) (D)
6
m
emf av N
t
m ( x )
At interval (x): 1 1 m ( x ) 1 10 3 Wb
(1 - 0) 10 -3
m ( y )
At interval (y): 3 1 m ( y ) 6 10 -3 Wb
(3 - 1) 10 -3
m ( x ) 1 10 3 m ( x ) 1
m ( y ) 6 10 3 m ( y ) 6
19
12) (A)
Bex A
emf av N
t
At interval (ab):
(15 6) 10 3 0.04
emf av ( ab ) 150 emf av ( ab ) 0.9V
(6 0) 10 2
At interval (cd):
(0 15) 10 3 0.04
emf av ( cd) 150 emf av ( cd) 2.25 V
(14 10) 10 2
emf av ( ab ) 0.9 emf av ( ab ) 2
emf av ( cd) 2.25 emf av ( cd) 5
Bex A Bex
OR emf av N at constant (N &A) emf av
t t
emf av ( ab ) B ab t cd emf av ( ab ) (15 6) (14 10)
emf av ( cd) B cd t ab emf av ( cd) (0 15) (6 0)
emf av ( ab ) 2
emf av ( cd) 5
At interval (bc):
(15 15) 10 3 0.04
emf av ( bc) 150 emf av ( bc ) 0
(10 6) 10 2
13) (A) 0.15V
0.3 10 3
emf av N m emf av 10 emf av 0.15V
t 0.02
14) (B)
From (t = 0) to (t = 2s):
m (10 0)
emf av N emf av 1 emf av 5V
t (2 0)
From (t = 2s) to (t = 4s):
m (10 10)
emf av N emf av 1 emf av 0
t (4 2)
From (t = 4s) to (t = 6s):
m (50 10)
emf av N emf av 1 emf av 20V
t (6 4)
From (t = 6s) to (t = 8s):
m (0 50)
emf av N emf av 1 emf av 25V
t (8 6)
21
15) (D) 0.25m2
Bex A
emf av N emf av N
t t
(0.2 0) A
2.5 1 A 0.25m 2
(20 0) 10 3
Bex A
OR emf av N emf av N
t t
(0 0.2) A
2.5 1 A 0.25m 2
(60 40) 10 3
16) (D) 5.77×10-3T/s
Bex A Y emfav Bex
emf av N Slope N
t X A t
1
Slope tan Slope tan 30
3
Bex 1 Bex 1 Bex
N 100 5.77 10 3 T / s
t 3 t 3 t
17) (A) E
Bex A Bex Bex
emf av N emf av N A is constant
t t t
emfav N A
emf av (1) N1 A1
emf av ( 2) N2 A2
E N A1 E
1 1 emf av ( 2 ) E
emf av ( 2) 2 N1 (1 / 2)A1 emf av ( 2)
18) (A) 2E
m Bex A
emf av N emf av N
t t
Bex Bex
emf av N A (With keeping the same area) emf av N
t t
Bex 1 B
N 2 4N1 ex
t 2 2 t 1
emfav (1) N1 (Bex / t )1 E 1 1 E 1
emfav ( 2) N 2 (Bex / t ) 2 emf av ( 2) 4 (1 / 2) emf av ( 2) 2
emf av ( 2 ) 2E
21
2
19) (C)
3
m Bex A
emfav N emf av N
t t
Bex
emf av N A The magnetic flux changing with the same rate emfNA
t
emfav ( X ) NX AX emfav ( X ) 1 / 3N Y 2A Y emfav ( X ) 2
emfav ( Y ) NY AY emfav ( Y ) NY AY emfav ( Y ) 3
20) (C) A1 = 2A2
m Bex A Bex
emfav N emf av N emf av N A
t t t
emf av (1) A1 2emfav ( 2) A1 2
emf av A (Other factors are constant) A1 2A 2
emf av ( 2) A2 emfav ( 2) A2 1
3
21) (B)
2
m Bex A
emfav N emf av N ( Bex , t are constant through the two coils.)
t t
emfav ( X ) NX AX Y
3 N X 2A NX 3
emfNA
emfav ( Y ) NY AY 1 NY A Y NY 2
22) (C) N1 4N2
m Bex A Bex
emf av N emf av N emf av N A
t t t
emf av N (Same area and same rate of magnetic flux density)
emf av1 N1 emf av1 N 4
1 N1 4N 2
emf av 2 N 2 (1 / 4)emf av1 N 2 1
23) (D) 5mWb/s
Case (1):
m1 m1
emf N I1 R N
t t
m1 m1
40 10 3 (1.5 8.5) 20 20 10 3 20mWb / s
t t
Case (2):
m 2 m 2
emf N I2R N
t t
m1 m 2
30 10 3 (1.5 8.5) 20 15 10 3 15mWb / s
t t
The difference between the change rates of the magnetic flux = 20 – 15 = 5mWb/s
22
24) (B) 130T
m Bex A Bex r 2
emfav N emf av N emfav N
t t t
Bex (22 / 7) (7 10 2 ) 2
77 5000 1540 77 Bex B ex 20 T
20
Bex B1 B 2 20 150 B2 B2 130T
25) (B) 0.86A
m Bex A
emf av N emfav N
t t
emf av 1 150 15 15 10 4 emf av 3.375 V
The magnetic field increases, so backward induced field is produced (out of the
page), so the direction of the induced current is anticlockwise.
The induced and original current are in opposite directions.
VB emf org emf av 12 3.375
I I I
R eq r R eq r 10 0
8.625
I I = 0.86A
10 0
26) (A) AB
m m m
Slope emf av N emf av
t t t
emf av Slope
So, the maximum induced emf is generated in the time interval (AB) as it has the greatest slope.
27) (D) DE
m m
emf av N emf av
t t
Slope m N = 1 Slope emf
t
At the interval (AB): Is straight line, so the slope is constant.
So, emfAB is constant.
At the interval (BC): Slope = Zero so emfBC = 0
At the interval (CD): Slope is decreasing (Δϕm decreased from max to zero), so emfCD is decreasing.
At the interval (DE): Slope is increasing (Δϕm increased from zero to max), so emfDE is increasing.
23
Change in Position
1) (D)
When the field vanishes in 0.1 sec:
m Bex A cos N m (B1 B2 )A cos N m (0.6 0) 2 104 cos 0
m 1.2 104 Wb
1.2 104
emf av N m emfav 200 emfav 0.24V
t 0.1
When the coil is turned back in 0.1 sec:
m Bex A cos N m Bex A(cos N1 cos N 2 )
m 0.6 2 104 (cos 0 cos180)
m 2.4 104 Wb
2.4 104
emf av N m emfav 200 emfav 0.48V
t 0.1
2) (B) 0.8V
The coil was overturned through 0.1 second: m Bex A cos N m Bex A(cos N1 cos N 2 )
m 0.2 20 10 4 (cos 0 cos180) m 8 104 wb
m 8 10 4
emf av N emf av 100 emf av 0.8V
t 0.1
3) (C) 20V
Opposite direction during 0.02 second: m Bex A cos N m Bex A(cos N1 cos N 2 )
m 0.1 (0.02) (cos 0 cos180) m 0.004Wb
m 0.04
emf av N emf av 100 emf av 20V
t 0.02
4) (D)
The coil is inverted within 0.05 second: m Bex A cos N m Bex A(cos N1 cos N 2 )
m 0.1 (10 10 2 ) 2 (cos 0 cos180) m 2 103 Wb
m 2 10 3
emf av N emf av 500 emfav = 20V
t 0.05
The coil Rotates 1/4 rotation within 0.025 second:
m Bex A cos N m Bex A(cos N1 cos N 2 )
m (0.1) (10 102 )2 (cos 0 cos 90) m 1103 Wb
m 1 10 3
emf av N emf av 500 emf av 20V
t 0.025
24
5) (A) 1.25×10-3V
m Bex A cos N m Bex A(cos N1 cos N 2 )
m 103 (10 5 104 ) (cos(0) cos(60)) m 2.5 106 Wb
m 2.5 106
emf av N emfav 1 emf av 1.25 10 3 V
t 2 10 3
6) (C) 60o
m
emfav N
t
Bex A cos N
emf av N
t
0.1 0.02 (cos 0 cos N )
4 10 3 1
0.25
1 10 3 2 10 3 (cos 0 cos N ) 1 10 3 2 10 3 (cos 0 cos N )
1 cos N 0.5 cos N 0.5 N 60 o
7) (D) 1.77×10-3T
emf av N
m
IR N
Bex A Q
R N
B 0A Q R = N B A
t t t t
22
Q R = N B πr2 10-4 5 = 100 B (3×10-2)2 B = 1.77×10-3T
7
8) (C) 500 turns.
When the coil is rotated 180o to be inverted from this position:
m Bex A cos N Q B A(cos 0 cos180)
emf N IR N R N ex
t t t t
Q R N 2BA 1.6 10 3 50 N 2 0.2 4 10 4 N 500 turns
9) (A) 2×1016 electrons.
When the coil is rotated half rotation (180°):
m Bex A cos N Q B A(cos 0 cos180)
emf N IR N R N ex
t t t t
(n e) R N 2BA n 1.6 10 19 200 400 2 0.5 16 10 4
n 2 1016 electrons
25
10) (A) 0.5
Bex A cos N
emf av N
t
Bex A(cos 0 cos 90) Bex A(cos 0 cos180)
emf 1
N emf 1
N
av cycle
4
t av cycle
2
t
emf 1
emf 1
av cycle
(cos 0 cos 90) av cycle
4
4
0.5
emf 1
(cos 0 cos180) emf 1
av cycle av cycle
2 2
11) (C)
m Bex A cos N
emf av N emf av N
t t
0.2 (10 102 ) 2 (cos(0) cos(90))
emf av 1 emf av 0.04V
0.05
At the rotation of the coil, the flux density that passes through it decreases, so a
forward induced field is generated in the coil and according to Lenz’s rule, the
induced current which is generated in the coil becomes in the clockwise
direction, which means from (A) to (B) direct.
26
Mutual Induction Essay
1) (B) Mutual induction.
2) (A) Opposite to the current in the primary coil.
A backward induced current in the secondary coil will be generated (Opposite direction to original
current in the primary coil).
3) (A) A forward induced current.
4) (C)
5) (A)
When approaching the coil (A) towards the coil (B):
A backward induced current in coil (B) will be generated
(Opposite direction to original current).
So, by using the A.R.H.R, the terminal (d) is North Pole.
When moving the coil (A) away from the coil (B):
A forward induced current in coil (B) will be generated (Same
direction to original current).
So, by using the A.R.H.R, the terminal (d) is South Pole.
6) (A) Current momentarily flows from (B) to (A) across (R).
A backward induced current is generated (Opposite to the
original current of the battery in the other coil).
7) (D)
When the magnetic field suddenly decreases after the switch
is opened, a forward induced current in coil will be generated
due to the decreasing of the original current in the
electromagnet (Same direction to original current).
ΔIoriginal Δϕm Forward (Same), so the direction of the induced current in the resistor (R) is rightward.
When the coil is moved closer to the electromagnet, a backward
induced current in the coil will be generated due to the increasing
of the magnetic lines which cutting by coil. (Opposite direction
to original current).
ΔIoriginal Δϕm Backward (Opposite), so the direction of the induced current in the resistor (R) is leftward.
27
8) (A) Deflect to right.
When the resistance (R) is reduced, the original current will
increase and a backward induced current in coil (B) will be
generated due to the increasing of the original current in coil (A).
(Opposite direction to original current).
ΔIoriginal Δϕm Backward (Opposite), the pointer of the galvanometer will deflect to right.
9) (A)
Let (VB) = 1V
In case of closing (K1) only:
VB 1
I I
R eq r R eq
In case of closing (K2) only:
VB VB 2
I I ΔIoriginal Δϕm
R eq r R eq
The deflection angle of the galvanometer pointer will be greater than (θ)
In case of closing (K3) only:
VB VB
I I0 ΔIoriginal = 0 Δϕm = 0
R eq r
(No induced current will be generated)
10) (B)
At the moment of closing switch (K1):
The current passing in coil (X) calculated from the relation
VB V
I I
R eq r 2R
The pointer of the galvanometer which is connected to coil (Y) gets
deflected by an angle (θ).
At the moment of closing switch (K2):
VB V
The current passing in coil (X) calculated from the relation I I
R eq r 1.5R
The current passing in the coil (X) increases, so it produce a larger magnetic field that cutting the coil
(Y) and generate larger induced current, so the pointer of the galvanometer which is connected to coil
(Y) gets deflected by an angle greater than (θ).
At the moment of closing switch (K3):
VB V
The current passing in coil (X) calculated from the relation I I
R eq r 3R
The current passing in the coil (X) decreases, so it produce a smaller magnetic field that cutting the coil
(Y) and generate smaller induced current, so the pointer of the galvanometer which is connected to coil
(Y) gets deflected by an angle less than (θ).
28
11) (C)
When switch (K) is closed the current will pass in the lower coil as in the
shown figure, and a backward induced emf is generated in the upper coil
and the induced current will pass from (y) to (x), the like poles between
the two coils makes a repulsion force and the spring balance will
decrease a while and then returns to its first reading.
12) (A) An induced current is generated in the clockwise direction.
On closing switch (K) of the solenoid, the current will increase in the solenoid
and passes in the upward direction, so a backward induced electric current will
be generated in the coil if it is viewed from the face that opposes the solenoid it
will be in clockwise direction.
13) (A) opening switch (K).
By using A.R.H.R, the direction of the induced current generated in the
ring in the same direction of the current of the battery (Forward induced
current), when opening switch (K).
14) (B) anticlockwise.
When the metallic ring falls freely towards the solenoid a backward induced current
will be generated in it, so the direction of the induced current when looking at its
upper face is anticlockwise.
15) (A) Change the direction of motion.
When reversing the direction of the motion of the ring, the direction of the induced
current will be reversed too.
29
16) (D) Anticlockwise.
When the switch (k) is closed (Ioriginal)↑, so a backward induced current will
be generated in coil (2) in opposite direction to that of coil (1) and it’s
direction is Anticlockwise.
17) (B) an electric current is produced in the ring in clockwise direction.
During the increase of resistance (S) the current will decrease in the circuit and the square
metal frame, so a forward induced current will be generated in the metal ring in the same
direction of the square metal frame, so an electric current is produced in the ring in
clockwise direction.
18) (C) To the right and perpendicular to the wire.
The direction of induced current in the ring is in opposite direction to the
direction of the current in the wire, so the induced current is backward.
The direction of motion: To the right and perpendicular to the wire.
19) (A) Moving the ring towards the wire.
A backward induced electric current will be generated in the coil in
counterclockwise direction, the magnetic field that cut the metallic ring
will increase, so the ring moving towards the wire.
20) (D)
Since the current (I) decreasing with time at a constant rate, a forward induced current is generated in coil
(A&C)
Loop (A): Has an anti-clockwise forward induced current.
Loop (C): Has a clockwise forward induced current.
21) (C) no
The current (I) decreases with constant rate, a forward induced
current is generated in coil (B)
Loop (B): Has no induced current as the upper half has an
anticlockwise induced current, and the lower half has a clockwise
induced current, which they are equal in the magnitude and opposite
in the direction so they cancel each other.
31
22) (D) Decrease momentarily.
1) When the resistance increases (R ) .
2) The current in the primary coil decreases ( I original )
3) A forward induced current is generated in the secondary coil.
4) (Iind) will be in opposite direction to the current produced from the battery of the secondary coil ( I battery ).
Therefore the brightness of the lamp decreases momentarily.
23) (B) Increase momentarily.
1) The coil (X) moves away from the coil (Y).
2) A forward induced current is generated in the secondary coil (Y).
3) (Iind) will be in the same direction to the current produced from the
battery of the secondary coil (Y).
4) Therefore the brightness of the lamp increases momentarily.
24) (A) The brightness of the bulb decreases while the reading of the voltmeter increases.
1) When increasing (RV).
2) The current in the primary coil decreases ( I original )
3) A forward induced current is generated in the secondary coil.
4) (Iind) it will be in opposite direction to the current produced from the
battery of the secondary coil ( I battery ).
Therefore the brightness of the lamp decreases momentarily.
V VB I r (The reading of the voltmeter increaes)
OR The battery is regarded as a charged battery V
25) (B)
At the moment of closing the key:
The current in the primary coil will increase, a backward
induced emf will be generated in the secondary coil (opposite
to the original one and same as the battery current), causing
increase in the brightness of the lamp.
Increasing the value of resistance (R) while the key is already closed:
Increasing (R) resulting in decreasing the current in the primary coil, a forward induced emf is generated
in the secondary coil (same as the original one and opposite to the battery current), causing decrease in
the brightness of the lamp.
31
26) (C) 1, 2
During approaching the metallic ring to the magnetic field of the two wires
a backward induced emf is generated in the ring which is opposite to the
original magnetic field of the wires.
27) (B) B
The direction of induced current in the loop in the same direction to the
direction of the current in the wire, so the induced current is forward. The
direction of motion towards the point (B) (Take away from the wire).
28) (A) The illumination of the bulb decreases while the voltmeter reading increases.
1) When switching ON key (K), the resistance decreases ( R eq ) (Parallel connection).
2) The current in the primary coil increases ( I original )
3) A backward induced current is generated in the secondary
coil.
4) (Iind) will be in opposite direction to the current produced
from the battery of the secondary coil ( I battery ).
Therefore the brightness of the lamp decreases momentarily.
And V VB I r (the reading of voltmeter increases)
29) (A) The brightness of the bulb increases and the reading of the voltmeter remains constant.
1) When the switch (K) is closed.
2) The current in the primary coil increases ( I original )
3) A backward induced current is generated in the secondary coil.
4) (Iind) will be in same direction to the current produced from the battery of the secondary coil ( I battery ).
Therefore the brightness of the lamp increases momentarily.
After closing the switch (K):
r=0 V VB Ir V VB (the reading of the voltmeter remains constant)
32
30) (D)
Figure (A):
- The coil moves away from the wire.
- The effect of (BWire) on coil decreases.
- A forward induced emf produced in the coil.
- The direction of current in coil will be clockwise.
Figure (B):
- ΔB along very long straight wire = zero (no change in the magnetic field), so emf = Zero.
31) (B)
On figure (2):
The ring moving with a uniform velocity (v) parallel to the long straight current-
carrying wire, so no change in the magnetic field cutting the ring, so the induced
current in the ring equals zero.
On figure (3):
The ring fall freely towards the long straight current-carrying wire so the
magnetic field cutting the ring increases, so the induced current in the ring
increases.
On figure (1):
The current passing in the long straight current-carrying wire increases uniformly
and the ring is static, so the change in the magnetic field cutting the ring is constant
and the induced current in the ring is constant.
33
Mutual Induction Rules
1) (C) 380V
I P (11.5 2)
emfS M emfS 1.6 emfS 380V
t 0.04
2) (B) 0.05sec
I P (10 0)
emfS M 60 0.3 t 0.05 sec
t t
3) (D) 25A
MI Y N x ( m ) x 0.01 I Y 50 5 10 3
I Y 25A
4) (A)
I P (10 4)
emfS M emfS 0.2 emfS 120V
t 10 103
MI P N S S 0.2 (10 4) 500 S S 2.4 10 3 Wb
5) (A)
M I A N B B M 8 1000 3 103 M 0.375H
I A 80
emfB = M emf B = 0.375 emfB = 150V
t 0.02
B 3 103
OR emfB = N B emf B = 1000 emfB = 150V
t 0.02
6) (B) decreases.
N P NSAS
M M
LP
I P
emfS M emf S M
t
emf 2
Pbulb (the brightness of the light bulb decreases)
R bulb
7) (C)
N P NSAS
M M N P N S
LP
When the distance separating the two coils is small, the effect of the mutual induction will be greater.
8) (D)
N P NSAS 0.002 200 1000 ((22 / 7) (1.75 102 ) 2 )
M M M 3.85H
LP 10 102
I P (4 (4))
emfS M emfS 3.85 emfS 3080V
t 0.01
34
9) (D)
N L NSAS
M
2rL
4 (22 / 7) 107 1 1 ((22 / 7) (5 102 )2 )
M M 9.877 109 H
2 50 10 2
I L (8 0)
emfS M emfS 9.877 109 emfS 0.079V 0.08V
t 1106
emf S IS R S 0.08 IS 1 10 3 IS 80 A
The current in the large coil increases from zero to 8A, so a backward induced current (opposite to the
original current) is generated in the small coil and its direction is anticlockwise.
10) (C)
I P
emfS M
t
(25 0)
emfS 1 emf S 5V
(5 0)
The current in the primary coil is increasing with time, so a backward
induced emf will be generated in the secondary coil of value = 5V
11) (C)
In the first period of time: When the current intensity (I) in coil (P)
increases a backward induced emf will be generated in the coil (Q).
In the second period of time: When the current intensity (I) in coil (P)
remains constant, no induced emf will be generated in the coil (Q).
In the third period of time: When the current intensity (I) in coil (P)
decreases a forward induced emf will be generated in the coil (Q).
12) (D) Z
From the first graph:
I P
emf S M 0.6 M 0.3 M 2H
t
From the second graph:
I
(M) Independent on and its value equals (2H) from the first graph.
t
35
13) (C) 2H
I P
emf S M
t
4 M 2 M 2H
14) (B) 50mH
I P
emf S M
t
0.1 M 2
M 0.05H 50 103 H 50mH
15) (B) 0.6H
MI X N Y Y
M 5 1000 3 103 M 0.6H
16) (A) Figure (1)
I P (2 8)
emf S M emf S 2 emfS 4V
t (4 1)
The current in the primary coil is decreasing with time, so a forward induced
emf will be generated in the secondary coil of value = 4V.
17) (D) N.m/A2
F
M I P N S S MIP NS Bex A MI P NS A
IL
F N N
M NS A Henry m2 Henry m
2
IL A2m A2
36
18) (A) 2.49×10-3V
N P NSAS
M M n P N S A S
LP
22 22
M 4 107 2100 100 (1 10 2 ) 2 M 8.297 105 H
7 7
When the current increased to 1.5A in the opposite direction (overturned): ΔI = 2I
I P 1.5 (1.5)
emfS M emfS 8.297 105 emf S 2.49 10 3 V
t 2 0.05
OR When a current of 1.5A passes through the solenoid.
22
B sol nI sol B sol 4 10 7 2100 1.5 B sol 3.96 10 3 T
7
When the current increased to 1.5A in the opposite direction (overturned):
mS B ex A cos N
emfS NS emf S N S
t t
3.96 103 (22 / 7) (1 102 ) 2 ((cos 0) (cos180))
emfS 100 emf S 2.49 10 3 V
2 0.05
19) (A) 2.5A
The induced emf generated in the small coil when the large coil is inverted:
m B L A S cos N B L A S (cos 0 cos180)
emfS NS emf S N S IS R S NS
t t t
QS 2B A
R S NS L S QS R S NS 2BL AS
t t
20 109 50 10 2 BL 5 104 BL 10 4 T
N L I L 4 (22 / 7) 10 7 7 I L
BL 10 4 IL 2.5A
2rL 2 11 10 2
N P N S A S 4 (22 / 7) 10 7 10 7 5 10 4
OR M M M 2 10 7 H
2rP 2 0.11
I P Q I
IR M R M P Q R M I P
t t t
20 10 9 50 2 10 7 I P I P 5A
When the coil reversed (current reversed): I P I 2 I1 I P 2I I 2.5A
20) (C) 1.5×10-3V
L wire
L wire N square Perimeter Nsquare
4Lside
4
Nsquare Nsquare = 100 turns
4 1 10 2
Bcoil A square
emfsquare N square A square Lside
2
t
( 0.15 0) (1 102 ) 2
emfsquare 100 emf square = 1.5 × 10-3 V
1
37
Self-Induction Essay
1) (D) Self-induction.
2) (C) The stability of magnetic flux lines around the coil.
3) (C) Increases and after short time returns back.
If the iron core is withdrawn from the coil rapidly, a strong
forward induced current due to the self-induction will produced
in the coil, so the ammeter reading will increase and after short
time returns back.
4) (B) increases instantly then vanishes.
At the moment of opening the switch (K), the current vanishes generating
large forward induced emf between the ends of the coil by self-induction
which is in the same direction of the original emf, the brightness of the lamp
increases instantly then vanishes.
5) (B) The ammeter pointer deflects slowly then settles at a certain reading.
At the instant of closing switch (K) a backward induced emf will be
generated in the coil contains a galvanometer, which makes the
galvanometer pointer deflects and return to its zero position again.
But the coil contains ammeter at the instant of closing switch (K) the
circuit will be a closed circuit, and the current pass in it, the ammeter
pointer deflects slowly then settles at a certain reading.
38
Self-Induction Rules
1) (B) greater than 0.5A
If the variable resistance (Rv) is increased gradually the electric current will
decrease in the circuit which means there will be forward induced electric
current in the inductor which will be in the same direction of the original current.
VB 5
I I I 0.5A
R eq r 10 0
The electric current passes in the circuit at that instant = [Iinduced + I] > 0.5A
2) (D) The magnetic lines of the solenoid.
3) (A) Increase the radius of the coil.
N 2 A N 2 r 2
L Self LSelf
L Sol LSol
4) (C) The self-inductance of the coil.
LI N L N
I
5) (D) 400V
I (2 0)
emf L emf 6 emf 400V
t 30 10 3
6) (B) 0.25H
I
emf L 5 L 20 L = 0.25H
t
7) (C)
LI N L (4 0) 800 2 104 L = 0.04H
I (4 0)
emf L emf 0.04 emf = 2V
t 0.08
8) (A)
LI A N A m ( A ) L 10 500 2 103 L 0.1H
MI A N B m ( B) M 10 2000 104 M 0.02H
39
9) (B)
LIA NA A L (2 0) 200 2.5 104 L = 0.025H
MIA NBB M (2 0) 800 1.8 104 M = 0.072H
I A (2 0)
emfav ( B) M emfav ( B) 0.072 emf av ( B) 4.8V
t 0.03
10) (C)
N 2 A
Lself
Lsol
(All the cores of them are made of iron, so (µ) is constant)
N2A
L self
L sol
N2A N2A
L self ( A ) L self ( B) 2
L L
1 N2A N2A
L self ( C ) L self ( D )
4 L L
11) (D) 4L
2
N 2 A N
2
L Self (1) L N
LSelf 2
LN (Other factors are constant) 1
LSol L Self ( 2) N2 L Self ( 2) 2N
L2 4L
12) (B) 320mH
N 2 A
LSelf LN 2 (Other factors are constant)
LSol
2
N
2
L Self (1) 125 500
1 L Self ( 2 ) 320 mH
L Self ( 2) N2 L Self ( 2) 800
13) (A) 2L
N 2 A
LSelf
LSol
2 2 2
LSelf (1) N A L LSelf (1) N r L
1 1 Sol( 2) A (r ) 2
1 1 Sol( 2)
LSelf ( 2) N 2 A 2 LSol(1) LSelf ( 2) N 2 r2 LSol(1)
2
r L / 2
2 2 2
L N L 1 2 1 L 1
LSelf ( 2 ) 2L
LSelf ( 2) 2N r / 2 L LSelf ( 2) 2 1 2 LSelf ( 2 ) 2
41
14) (C)
In case of the wooden core:
N 2 A 1.26 106 (120) 2 (22 / 7) (5 103 ) 2
L Self LSelf L Self 1.584 10 5 H
L Sol 9 102
In case of the soft iron core:
N 2 A 0.002 (120) 2 (22 / 7) (5 103 ) 2
L Self LSelf LSelf 0.025H
L Sol 9 102
15) (B)
NI 4 (22 / 7) 107 450 40 103
B B B 1.88 104 T
L sol 12 10 2
N 2 A 4 (22 / 7) 10 7 (450) 2 (22 / 7) (0.5 15 10 3 ) 2
L Self L Self L Self 3.75 10 4 H
L Sol 12 10 2
16) (A)
NI 4 (22 / 7) 107 700 2
B B B 17.6 103 T
L Sol 10 102
N 2 A 4 (22 / 7) 10 7 (700) 2 10 10 4
L Self L Self L Self 6.16 10 3 H
L Sol 10 10 2
I (2 0)
emf L emf 6.16 10 3 emf 1.232V
t 0.01
17) (C) 144V
N N
n 20 10 2 N = 24 turns
L 1.2 10 2
N 2 A 2.5 10 2 (24) 2 20 10 4
Lself L self L self 2.4H
Lsol 1.2 10 -2
I (6 0)
emf L emf = 2.4 emf 144V
t 0.1
18) (C)
N N
n 200 N 100 turns
L 50 102
N 2 A 0.002 (100) 2 5 104
LSelf LSelf LSelf 0.02H
LSol 50 102
NI
OR B nI B 0.002 200 4 B 1.6T
L sol
LI N L (4 0) 100 (1.6 5 104 ) L 0.02H
I (4 0)
emf L emf = 0.02 × emf = 8V
t 0.01
41
19) (C)
N 2 A
L Self LN 2
2r
20) (C) 24V
I
emf L
t
(0 4)
emf 60 10 -3 emf 24V
(10 0) 10 -3
21) (D) 24V
I I cd
emf L emfcd L
t t
(0 8)
emf cd 60 10 3 emf cd 24V
(40 20) 10 3
22) (C)
During time interval (ab):
The electric current intensity doesn’t change with time (I/t zero) , so no
induced emf is generated in the coil.
During time interval (bc):
The electric current intensity decreases with uniform rate, so forward
induced emf is generated in the coil.
During time interval (cd):
The electric current intensity increases with uniform rate, so backward
induced emf is generated in the coil.
During time interval (de):
The electric current intensity doesn’t change with time (I/t zero) , so
no induced emf is generated in the coil.
23) (B) an electric spark between the end of the switch.
24) (B) Production of a backward induced current.
42
25) (D) All of the previous.
26) (C) vanishing of the self-inductance.
27) (C)
At the moment of closing the circuit, the current flowing generating a backward
induced current by self-induction, that opposing (resisting) the original current
for few instants, the rate of the growth of the current will be slow.
28) (B)
I I
emf L 150 2 I 7.5A
t 0.1
I I before I after 7.5 I before 0 I before 7.5A
Vbefore I beforeR Vbefore 7.5 2 Vbefore 15 V
29) (D) A
N 2 A
2
L1 N1 A1
Lself Same permeability & length
Lsol L2 N 2 2 A 2
L N2 A 1 1 A
2
A2 A
4L ( 2 N ) A 2 4 4 A2
30) (C) LZ > LY > LX
N 2 A L Self A
L Self slope 2
L Sol N L Sol
X Y Z tan X tan Y tan Z
1
slope X slope Y slope Z (µ & A are constant) slope
L Sol
LX LY LZ LZ LY LX
43
31) (C) Curve (3)
If a soft iron core exists inside the coil, B emf ind
The rate of the growth of the current will be slow.
32) (B) 0.01H
I I I
emf L 20 0.04 500A / s
t t t
I P
emfS M 5 M 500 M 0.01H
t
33) (A) 0.75m
I (1.8 0)
emf L 80 ×10-3 = L L= 5.33×10-3H
t 0.12
L wire
Lwire N 2rcoil rcoil
N 2
2
L
N 2 wire
N 2 A N 2 (rcoil ) 2 N 2
Lself Lself Lself
Lsol Lsol Lsol
N 2 L wire (L wire ) 2
2
Lself Lself
N 2 42 Lsol 4Lsol
4 107 2002
3 2002 107
3
5.33 10 5.33 10 L sol 0.75 m
4Lsol Lsol
34) (B)
At the moment of closing the circuit:
VR1 VB 10 V (r = 0)
VR1 10
I I I 2A I1 = I2 = 2A
R1 5
The induced emf at coil = emf of the battery and opposite in direction due
to backward induced current by self-induction, so ( I3 Zero )
35) (A)
At the moment of closing the circuit:
The induced emf at coil = emf of the battery and opposite in direction
due to backward induced current by self-induction, so ( I3 Zero )
VR 2 I 3 R 2 VR 2 0 10 VR 2 0V
VCoil 10 V
44
36) (D)
After a period of closing the circuit: (No induced current)
5 10 10
R eq R eq
5 10 3
VB 10
IT I1 I1 I1 3A
R eq r (10 / 3) 0
r 0 VT VB
VB 10
I2 I2 I2 2A
R1 5
I1 I2 I3 3 2 I3 I 3 1A
VB 10
OR I3 I3 I 3 1A
R2 10
37) (C)
After a period of closing the circuit: (No induced current)
VR 2 VB 10 V (r = 0)
After a period of closing the circuit the induced emf will be vanished ( VCoil 0V )
45
Self-Induction Application
1) (D) To cancel the effect of self-induction.
2) (B) Coil (b)
In coil (b) the wire is double wounded, so no self-induction when closing the
switch (K).
3) (A)
The self-induction of the coil is vanished in figure (A). (Double
wounded)
The direction of the magnetic field in the coil is in two opposite directions
is figure (B).
4) (C)
In a straight wire, no induced current in the wire, no self-induction, so the rate of the growth of the
current will be quickly.
In an iron cored coil, B emf ind , the rate of the growth of the current will be slowly.
46
Induced emf in a moving Straight Wire
1) (A) emf = – BexLv
2) (D) The direction of the motion of the wire.
3) (C) 2E
emf Bex LvSin E (2)L (2) (When the other factors are constant)
4) (C)
emf Bex LvSin emfLv (At constant B)
d
v vd (During the same interval time)
t
So the figure that represents the generation of the greatest induced electromotive
force is (C) as it has both larger length and move with high velocity (Largest distance).
5) (D) the time of wire motion (t)
Q d
emf Bex LvSin IR Bex LvSin (90) R Bex L
t t
Bex Ld
Q R Bex L d Q
R
So the quantity of charge doesn’t depend on time.
6) (A) Downwards and quickly.
Because the motion is downward and perpendicular to the magnetic lines,
which gives maximum emf and quickly means high velocity which produce
the greatest reading on the galvanometer.
7) (D) The same in the three figures.
emf Bex Lv Sin emf Bex Lv Sin 90 emfmax
Because the motion of the three wires are perpendicular
to the magnetic lines, which gives maximum emf.
8) (B) 0.12V
emf Bex LvSin emf 0.8 30 10 2 0.5 Sin 90 emf 0.12V
47
9) (B) 0.041V
emf Bex LvSin emf 0.082 0.25 2 Sin 90 emf 0.041V
10) (B) 1.8 Volt
emf B ex Lv Sinθ (2 wings: 2 L)
900 10 3
emf 18 10 5 (2 20) Sin 90 emf 1.8 Volt
60 60
11) (D)
The induced emf produced in the wire:
emf B ex Lv Sinθ emf 0.1 50 10 2 8 Sin 30 emf 0.2V
The induced emf produced in the formed circular coil:
1
L wire N 2rwire 50 10 2 N 2 10 2 N 25 turns
m 2 104
emf av N emfav 25 emf av 0.01V
t 0.5
12) (B) 5m/s
emf B ex Lv Sin 0.4 0.4 20 10 2 v Sin 90
v 5m / s
13) (C) 0.075
emf Bex Lv IR Bex Lv
I 0.12 90 103 5 102 2 I 0.075 Ampere
14) (A)
emf B ex Lv Sinθ
emf 2.5 0.35 8 Sin 90 emf 7V
Vrod V2 V5 (Parallel, (Rrod = 0))
VR1 I 2 R 7 I 2 2 I 2 3.5A
VR 2 I 5 R 7 I 5 5 I5 1.4A
48
15) (D) 2C
emf Bex LvSin IR Bex LvSin
Q e L d
Bex L Sin
t A t
e 1.1 106
Q Bex dSin Q 4
0.11 10 102 Sin 90 Q 2C
A 2 10
16) (B) 1.5×1015 electrons
emf Bex Lv Sin IR Bex Lv Sin
Q d
R Bex L Sin n e R Bex Ld Sin
t t
n 1.6 10 19 5 24 103 25 10 2 20 10 2 Sin 90
n 1.5 1015 electrons
17) (A) 4/1
x x
emf Bex L sin IR Bex L sin
t t
At constant (Bex), (L), (t) and (sinθ)
So IRx
I1 R 2X
I 2 2R X
I1 1 2 I1 4
I2 2 1 I2 1
18) (B) Lenz, Fleming’s Right Hand.
19) (A) rightward.
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
20) (B) out of the page.
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
49
21) (B) The direction (b)
In both directions (a, d): The wire moves parallel to the magnetic lines.
emf Bex LvSin 0 emf 0
In direction (c): The wire moves with an angle with the magnetic field.
emf Bex LvSin Value emf emf max
In direction (b): The wire moves perpendicular to the magnetic field.
emf Bex LvSin 90 o emf emfmax BLv
22) (A) The induced current moves from end (X) to end (Y).
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
23) (B)
Applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
The direction of wire is upward and in the resistor (R) from higher (+v)
to lower (–v) potential.
24) (D) In direction (2), emf is generated and point (a) becomes positive.
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule on side ( ), the current direction is
from (c) to (b) and (c) becomes negative, so (a) becomes positive.
+
25) (C)
By using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, (The induced current is I
moved from (A to B)), so the highest potential is point (B) hence
the wire acts as a battery.
-
26) (C)
Direction: downwards of the page by applying Fleming’s Right - I +
Hand Rule. So Va < Vb , hence the wire acts as a battery.
v
51
27) (A)
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, the direction of the induced current
is to the left.
The positive pole is end (a), hence the wire acts as a battery.
emf Bex Lv Sinθ emf 0.4 0.25 2 Sin90 emf 0.2V
28) (D) 10A, from (b) to (a)
RA
emf Bex Lv IR Bex Lv e
L
L L L
R I Bex Lv
RA A A
I Bex vA I 0.1 2 5 106 10 10 6
I 10A
By applying (F.R.H.R) the direction of the induced current is from (b) to (a).
29) (A) 0
The magnitude of the induced emf across wire (ab):
emf Bex lv sin emfab Bex v sin 90 emf ab B ex v
The magnitude of the induced emf across wire (bc):
emf Bex lv sin emf bc Bex v sin 0 emf bc 0
The wire (bc) moves parallel to magnetic field
The magnitude of the induced emf across wire (cd):
emf Bex lv sin emfcd Bex v sin 90 emf cd B ex v
The direction of the induced current in the two segments are in opposite direction, so:
emfad Bex v Bex v emf ad 0
51
30) (B) EA = EC > EB
Circuit (A): By using F.R.H.R the current from two conductors (Y) and (Z) are in same directions.
(clockwise) emf T emf Z emf y
Circuit (B): By using F.R.H.R the current from two conductors (Y) and (Z) are in opposite directions.
(conductor (Y) anticlockwise) while (conductor (Z) clockwise) emf T 0
Circuit (C): By using F.R.H.R the current from two conductors (Y) and (Z) are in same directions.
(anticlockwise) emf T emf Z emf y
31) (C) 0.4A
emf Bex LvSin emf 0.4 0.2 5 Sin 90 emf 0.4V
The two wires (of equal length) move in same magnetic field with same
velocity but in opposite directions, induces same electromotive force.
emf T emf1 emf 2 emf T 0.4 0.4 emf T 0.8V
emf IR 0.8 I 2 I 0.4A
2BLv
32) (B)
R
By using F.R.H.R the two induced current in same direction (Clockwise)
emfa Bex Lv sin 90 emfb 3Bex Lv sin 90
emf T IR eq Bex Lv 3Bex Lv I 2R
2Bex Lv 2BLv
4B ex Lv 2IR I I
R R
52
33) (A) 0.1V
emf Blv sin emf 110 102 4 sin 90 emf 0.4V
emf 0 .4
I I I 0.05A
RT 62
As the two resistors (2Ω) and (6Ω) are in series, so they have equal current.
The potential difference between the two points (x) and (y) during the motion of the rod:
Vxy IR xy Vxy 0.05 2 Vxy 0.1V
R xy 2
OR Vxy VT Vxy 0.4 Vxy 0.1V
RT 8
53
Force on a moving Straight Wire
1) (A)
F Bex IL Sinθ F 4 8 0.25 Sin90 F 8N
OR emf B ex Lv Sinθ emf 4 0.25 2 Sin90 emf 2V
emf I R 2 8 R R 0.25
I2R T 8 2 0.25
F F F 8N
v 2
(4) 2 (0.25) 2 2
2
Bex L2 v
OR F F F 8N
RT 0.25
Direction: Upward by applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
2) (A) 43.2×10-3N
(0.3) 2 (80 102 ) 2 150 102
2
B L2 v
F ex F
RT 2
F 43.2 10 3 N
OR emf Bex Lv Sin emf 0.3 80 10 2 150 10 2 Sin 90 emf 0.36V
emf IR 0.36 I 2 I 0.18A
F Bex ILSin F 0.3 0.18 80 10 2 Sin 90 F 43.2 10 3 N
I2R T (0.18) 2 2
OR F F F 43.2 10 3 N
v 150 102
3) (A) 2N
3 6
R ( 3, 6 ) 2 R T 2 2 4
36
(2) 2 (1) 2 2
2
Bex L2 v
F F F 2N
RT 4
OR emf Bex LvSin emf 2 1 2 Sin 90 emf 4V
emf 4
I I I 1A
RT 4
F Bex ILSin F 2 11 Sin 90 F 2N
I2R T (1) 2 4
OR F F F 2N
v 2
54
4) (C) π×10-2V
2f 2 10 20 rad / sec
1 1
emf Bex L2 emf 0.1 (0.1) 2 20 emf 102 V
2 2
5) (B) 7.887×10-4V
2f 2 3.14 2 12.56 rad / sec
1 1
emf Bex L2 emf 3.14 × 10-5 (2) 2 12.56 emf 7.887 104 V
2 2
6) (B) 3.2V, 0
1 1
emf Bex L2 emf 0.04 (4) 2 10 emf 3.2V
2 2
The emf generated between the terminals of one arm: emf 3.2V
The emf generated between the terminals of the two opposite arms = zero, as each half has equal emf
and opposite to each other (cancel each other).
7) (C)
During moving frame (3) a distance ( ) with the same uniform velocity
(v) to the right, so there is no change in the magnetic flux penetrating
that frame, so there is no emf is induced in the frame.
During moving frame (2) a distance ( ) with the same uniform velocity
(v) to the right, so a maximum magnetic flux penetrate the frame, so
the maximum emf is induced.
During moving frame (4) a distance ( ) with the same uniform velocity
(v) to the right, so an electric current is induced in the
counterclockwise direction (by applying F.R.H.R on the left side of the frame).
8) (D)
In Ring (D): The direction of the induced current is clockwise.
As the right half of the ring is inside a magnetic field, so by using
Fleming’s Right Hand Rule in the left side of the ring the
direction of the current will be clockwise.
In Ring (B): The direction of the induced current is anticlockwise.
As the left half of the ring is inside a magnetic field, so by using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule in the right
side of the ring the direction of the current will be anticlockwise.
In Ring (A): There is no induced current.
As the ring is out of the magnetic field there is no field effect on it.
In Ring (C): There is no induced current.
As the full ring is inside the magnetic field, so by using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule in the two sides of the ring,
there will be two induced currents equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so they cancel each other.
OR As there is no change in the magnetic lines ( m ) constant, so there is no induced current.
55
9) (B) It will be greater at position (c) than at position (a).
At position (b): There is no induced current.
As there is no change in the magnetic lines ( m ) constant, so there is no induced
current.
The ring (c) is falling freely so the time when the coil is going in is greater than
the time when the coil is going out the magnetic field (due to gravity) so the
current when the coil is going out will be greater
m 1
( emf av N ) emfav emfavI
t t
The electric current that may be induced in the ring will be greater at position (c) than at position (a).
10) (D)
As the area of the coil decreases during its motion to enter the field, so
the induced current will decrease.
11) (C) 0.3T
From the graph: emf 0.06V v 0.8m / sec
emf Bex LvSin
0.06 Bex 0.25 0.8 Sin 90 Bex 0.3T
12) (B) emf(A) > emf(C)
emf Bex LvSin
emf ( A ) Bex (2L) (4V) Sin 90 8BLV
emf ( B) Bex (1.5L) (2V) Sin 90 3BLV
emf ( C ) Bex (L) (V) Sin 90 BLV
13) (D) Move the wire perpendicular to the magnetic field.
emf Bex LvSin emf Bex LvSin30 emf 0.5Bex Lv
When the wire moves perpendicular to the magnetic field (θ = 90˚)
emf Bex LvSin emf Bex LvSin90 emf Bex Lv
So, the induced emf increased to the double.
14) (C) 0.08V
emf Bex LvSin emf 0.4 0.2 2 Sin 30 emf 0.08V
56
15) (A) 0.5m/s
emf Bex LvSin 0.2 0.4 1 v Sin 90 v 0.5m / s
16) (B) 30o
emf Bex Lv Sin 20 103 0.4 20 102 0.5 Sin Sin 0.5 30o
17) (B) 8mA
emf Bex LvSin IR Bex LvSin
I 5 0.2 10 10 2 2 Sin 90 I 8 10 3 A 8mA
18) (C) 2.5m/s
emf Bex LvSin IR Bex LvSin
0.1 (1.5 0.5) 0.2 40 10 2 v Sin 90 v 2.5m / s
19) (B) 0.02m
emf Bex Lv Sin IR Bex LvSin
0.2 0.10 2 L 0.5 Sin 90 L = 0.02m
20) (D) Decrease the electric current intensity in the wire (1) to half.
I (1)
emf B wire(1) LvSin I ind ( xy ) R B wire(1) LvSin 90 B wire(1) 2 107
d
B wire I (1) I ind ( xy ) (1 / 2)B wire (1 / 2)I (1) (1 / 2)
21) (C)
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
22) (C)
By using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
23) (D)
By using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
57
24) (D) up to the page.
By using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
25) (A) to the left side of page.
Applying Fleming's right hand rule.
26) (B) (2)
By using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
27) (C) (3)
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule
28) (B)
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, the direction of the magnetic flux density
is out of the page.
29) (D) the potential at point (C) is greater than the potential at point (D).
Applying Fleming's right hand rule.
30) (A) If the wire moves toward the point (A), the potential of the point (C) is greater than that of point (D).
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
58
31) (B)
By Applying F.R.H.R
32) (D) increases.
The direction of induced current generated in the wire is in the same
direction as the original current (By using F.R.H.R), so the
brightness of the lamp increases.
33) (C)
The direction of induced current generated in the wire is in
opposite direction to the original current (upwards of the
page by applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.), so the
brightness of the lamp decreases.
The potential at point (z) less than the potential at point (y).
34) (A) 0.05T perpendicular into the page.
emf Bex Lv Sinθ 0.02 Bex 20 10 2 2 Sin90 Bex 0.05T
By applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, the direction of the magnetic flux density is
perpendicular into the page.
35) (A) 0.2V
emf Bex LvSin emf 0.5 0.2 3Sin 90 emf 0.3V
3 6
R eq 1 3
3 6
emf IR eq 0.3 I 3 I 0.1A
3 6
V3 V6 V( 3, 6 ) IR ( 3, 6 ) (Parallel) R ( 3, 6 ) 2
36
V3 0.1 2 V3 0.2V
59
36) (B) 4θ
emf Bex Lv sin emfBex v (At constant (L))
emf (4)Bex (2)v (2) , so emf 2 4emf1
emf IR emfI (At constant (R))
So I 2 4I1
S I (4) (4) , so 2 41 4
I
37) (B) 2cm/sec
3 3
I3 middle 0 R eq
6
1 4
3 left 3 right 2
The emf generated in the square:
V IR V 1 10 3 4 V 4 10 3 V
emf Bex Lv sin 4 103 2 10 102 v sin 90 v 2 10 2 m / sec 2cm / sec
38) (B) Remains constant.
emf B ex Lv IR B ex Lv
L 1
I e Bex L v I e Bex v
A A
(I) doesn’t depend on the length of the wire (I) remains constant.
39) (C)
emf Bex LvSin As all factors are constant and the wire is moving inside a
uniform magnetic field, so the induced emf on the wire will be unchanged during its
motion.
IR Bex LvSin as the resistance (R) is constant and the wire and rails have
negligble resistance, so IL other factors are constant, so the induced current of the
wire will be increased during its motion.
61
40) (B) gets decreased.
The direction of induced current generated in the wire is in opposite
direction to the original current (By using F.R.H.R),
L
R e so RL (Other factors are constant)
A
When the rod moves to the left, as the length of wire (A) and (B) will decrease, the resistance of the
1
wires will decrease, so the current passing through the circuit will increase as I
R
As V VB I r
So, the reading of the voltmeter get decreased.
41) (A) becomes less than (PW)
Before the motion of the rod (xy), the current flow from the battery
VB
calculated from the relation I , the consumed electric power
R rod R Bulb
in the bulb was (PW).
If the rod (xy) is moved with uniform velocity (v) to the left of the page an induced current is generated in
it in direction opposite to the direction of the current flow from the battery so the total current in the
1
VB VB
circuit calculated from the relation I 2 , so the total current will decrease and the consumed
R rod R Bulb
electric power in the bulb in that case will become less than (PW).
42) (C)
During the motion to the left, the resistance of the left side will
decrease and the resistance of the right side will increase, so the current
in the left side increases, and in the right side decreases.
So brightness of (P1) increases, and (P2) decreases.
43) (A) in the plane of the page to the right.
Direction of the induced current on the rod (a) is downward by applying
Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
So, the current passing in the circuit to rod (b) will be upward,
Knowing that the external field (strong) > the field of the wire (a) so the field
affected on wire (b) is out of the page,
And to find direction of the force on rod (b) will be to the right by applying Fleming’s Left Hand Rule.
61
44) (B) Rod (A) moves to the left, and rod (B) moves to the right.
If the magnetic field decreases gradually, a forward induced magnetic
field will generated so the induced current in the two rods is
clockwise, its direction in rod (A) is (upward) and in the rod (B) is
(downward).
And by applying F.L.H.R, rod (A) moves to the left, and rod (B) moves to the right.
45) (C) 1.45×10-4A
emf1 Bex Lv1 sin emf1 0.0110 102 4 sin 90
emf1 4 103 V (Downward by using F.R.H.R)
emf 2 Bex Lv2 sin emf2 0.0110 102 2 sin 90
emf2 2 103 V (Upward by using F.R.H.R)
By using KCL: I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3 0 (1)
By using KVL at right loop:
15 I 2 2 10 3 5I3 0 0I1 15 I 2 5I3 2 10 3 (2)
By using KVL at left loop:
5I3 4 10 3 10 I1 0 10 I1 0I 2 5I3 4 10 3 (3)
By solving the three equations: I1 3.27 104 A I2 1.82 104 A I3 1.45 10 4 A
46) (B)
By using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule in figure (1) the direction of the
magnetic flux lines is perpendicular out of the page.
The two slides are in the same uniform magnetic field (B)
By using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule in figure (2) the direction of the
induced current is in the clockwise direction.
62
47) (D) in the anti-clockwise direction then in the clockwise direction.
First: when the coil is entering: The right half of the rectangular coil is
inside a magnetic field, so by using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule in the right
side the direction of the current will be anticlockwise.
Second: when the coil is existing: The left half of the rectangular coil is
inside a magnetic field, so by using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule in the left
side the direction of the current will be clockwise.
OR When the coil starts to enter the uniform magnetic field, a backward induced current is generated, so the
generated magnetic field will be opposite to the original field (Out of page) and the induced electric
current will be anti-clockwise but when the coil exits from the magnetic field a forward induced current
is generated, so the generated magnetic field will be same as the original field (into of page) and the
induced electric current will be clockwise.
48) (A) 0.084V
We need to convert from (degree) to (rad)
50 (22 / 7)
50 / sec 0.87rad / sec
180
1 1
emf Bex L2 emf 0.3 (0.8) 2 0.87 emf 0.084V
2 2
49) (A)
emf Bex LvSin
At constant (v) and moved perpendicular to (B)
emf α ( Bex & L)
The induced emf will increase with time as the magnetic field will increase when the wire moved from
the left to the right.
50) (A)
L
R e (ρe and A) are constant so (RαL)
A
So, during the motion of the rod to the right, the length of the frame is increased, so the resistance will
increase, and as (Rα1/I) so the current will decrease.
emf Bex LvSin
All factors are constant, so the emf will be unchanged during motion.
63
51) (C)
At point (x): The wire moves normal to the field, so emf = max.
At point (y): The wire moves parallel to the field, so emf = zero.
At point (z): The wire moves normal (opposite direction to x) to field, so
emf = – max.
At point (p): The wire moves parallel to the field, so emf = zero.
52) (C)
At point (X): The wire moves normal to the field, so emf = max.
At point (Y): The wire moves parallel to the field, so emf = zero.
At point (Z): The wire moves normal (opposite direction to x) to field, so emf = – max.
At point (P): The wire moves parallel to the field, so emf = zero.
53) (B)
emf Bex LvSin emf 1.8 5 3 Sin90 emf 27V
emf IR 27 I 4 I 6.75A
54) (A)
55) (C)
emf Bex LvSin
emf 1.8 5 3 Sin90 emf 27V
When the loop is entering the magnetic field:
The rate of the cutting will increase, so backward emf is induced emf = – 27V
When the loop is inside the magnetic field:
The rate of the cutting will be constant, so the induced emf is = Zero
When the loop is exciting the magnetic field:
The rate of the cutting will decrease, so forward emf is induced emf = + 27V
64
Alternating Current Generator (A.C. Dynamo)
Instantaneous and Maximum
1) (A) mechanical energy to electrical energy
2) (B) the electromagnetic induction.
3) (A) two brushes
4) (A) 100KHz
1 1
f f
T 10 10 6
f 100 103 Hz 100KHz
5) (D) 50Hz
1 1
f f f = 50Hz
T 0.02
No of vibrations 3
OR f f f 50Hz
Time 0.06
6) (B)
No. of vibrations 20
f f f 50Hz
time 0.4
1 1
T T T 0.02 sec
f 50
2f 2 3.14 50 314rad/sec
2
7) (C)
1 2 2
f 2f T
T T
8) (D) Increasing the size of the gap in which the coil rotates.
9) (D) The angle (θ) is the angle between the direction of magnetic field and the coil’s plane.
10) (A) parallel.
11) (A) 0˚
At emfmax N 90 C 0
56
12) (B) 1/2
13) (D) In two opposite directions each cycle.
14) (C) Zero.
15) (B) 180˚
When the dynamo’s position was as in the figure (Parallel position)
emf Bex ANSin N emf Bex ANSin 90 emf 10V
To become − 10V, the coil will rotate 180o
emf Bex ANSin N emf Bex ANSin (90 180) emf 10V
16) (C)
The coil is in the parallel position with the field.
emf emf max
The induced current in the coil changes its direction in
each half cycle in the external circuit.
17) (A) increase.
v r emf max B ex A N (The other factors are constant)
18) (B) decreases to half.
1
2 1 1 42 N2 2N1
4
emf max Bex AN emf maxN (The other factors are constant)
emfmax(1) 42 N1 1
2 emfmax(2 ) emfmax(1)
emfmax(2) 2 2 N1 2
3
19) (A)
1
emf inst Bex ANSin N emfinst Sin N (The other factors are constant)
(emfinst ) x Sin N ( x ) (emfinst ) x Sin (90 30) (emfinst ) x 3
(emfinst ) y Sin N ( y ) (emfinst ) y Sin (90 60) (emfinst ) y 1
55
20) (B) 50Hz
emf max Bex AN emf max Bex A(2f ) N emf max f (The other factors are constant)
emf max 1 f 1 100 f
150f 100f 2500
emf max 2 f 2 150 f 25
150f 100f 2500 50f 2500 f 50Hz
1
21) (C)
1
1
v r(Half of width) (v is constant )
r
1 r2 2
2 r1 0.5 1
emf max1 B ex1 A1 1 N1
emf max Bex AN
emf max 2 B ex 2 A 2 2 N 2
emf max1 2 2 10 emfmax1 1
1
emf max 2 2 1 20 emfmax 2 1
22) (A) 11.48°
Iinst ImaxSin N 9.8 10 Sin N N 78 .52
The angle between the plane of the coil and the magnetic flux lines equals 90 78.52 11.48
23) (B) 60o
emfinst = emfmax Sin N 0.5 emfmax = emfmax Sin N Sin N 0.5 N = 30
The coil makes an angle (90o – 30o) = 60o with the magnetic field.
24) (C) 3.3V
emf inst Bex ANSin N emf inst Bex A(2f ) NSin N
22
emf inst 10 3 0.21 2 50 100 Sin 30 emf inst 3.3V
7
25) (A)
22 600
emf max Bex A(2f ) N emf max 10 0.25 10 4 2 800 emfmax 12.57V
7 60
When the angle between the normal to the coil and the flux lines is 30o:
emfinst emfmaxSin N emf inst 12.57 Sin 30 emf inst 6.285 V
At an angle 60° from zero position:
emfinst emfmaxSin N emf inst 12.57 Sin 60 emfinst 10.88V
56
26) (B) 10ms
The current intensity reversed 180o
3000
360ft 180 360 t t 0.01s 10 10 3 s 10ms
60
27) (D) Zero
θ = 360ft θ = 360 20 0.025 θ = 180°
emfinst = emfmax SinθN emfinst = 200 Sin180 emfinst = Zero
28) (A) 5.5V
22
emfmax = BexAωN emfmax = BexA(2πf)N emfmax = 0.5 2×10-4 2 50 350 emfmax = 11V
7
1
θ = 360ft θ = 360 50 θ = 30°
600
emfinst = emfmax SinθN emfinst = 11 Sin30 emfinst = 5.5V
29) (D)
22 700
emf max Bex AN emf max Bex A(2f ) N emf max 0.3 0.025 2 100
7 60
emfmax 55V
When the angle between the plane of the coil and the lines of the flux is 30o:
emfinst emfmaxSin N emf inst 55 Sin (90 30) emf inst 47 .63V
After 1/140sec from the normal position:
700 1
θ = 360ft 360 θ = 30°
60 140
emfinst emfmaxSin N emfinst 55 Sin 30 emfinst 27.5V
30) (D) 5A
no. of vibrations 20
f f f 50Hz
time 0 .4
θ = 360ft θ = 360 50 5 103 θ = 90°
Iinst = Imax Sinθ Iinst = 5 Sin90 Iinst = 5A
31) (B) 198V
The coil starts from perpendicular position (θ = 0) (emf = 0) and rotates quarter rotation to reach the
maximum induced emf (θ = 90°) (emfmax).
1 1 1
T 4 T 0.02 sec f f 50Hz
200 T 0.02
1
OR θ = 360ft 90 = 360 f f 50Hz
200
22
emfmax = BexAωN emfmax = BexA(2πf)N emfmax = 0.5 × 3×10-3 × 2 50 × 420
7
emfmax = 198V
56
32) (C) 3t
I1 I max Sin 1 0.5I max I maxSin 1 Sin 1 0.5 1 30 o
I 2 I max Sin 2 I max I max Sin 2 Sin 2 1 2 90 o
1 30 t
2 90 ? t 2 3t
1 t 1 30 t
OR 2 31 360ft t t 2 3t
2 t 2 90 t 2
33) (C)
22 300
emf max Bex A(2f ) N emf max 0.04 3 10 2 2 700 emfmax = 26.4V
7 60
300 1
360ft 360 30 o
60 60
The instantaneous emf after (1/60) sec from the vertical position:
emfinst = emfmax SinθN emfinst 26.4 Sin 30 emfinst = 13.2V
The instantaneous emf after (1/60) sec from the horizontal position:
emfinst = emfmax Sin (θ + 90) emfinst 26.4 Sin (30 90) emfinst = 22.86V
34) (D) zero
1
r n 360 r 360 r 90 o
4
emfinst = emfmax SinθN emfinst = 120×Sin (90 90) emf inst zero
35) (A) 55V
1
r n 360 r 360 r 30 o
12
emfinst emfmaxSin N emf inst 110 Sin (30) emfinst 55V
36) (D) 50V
v 5
v r r = ½ Width 20rad / sec
r 25 10 2
emf max Bex A N emf max 0.1 (50 10 2 ) 2 20 100 emfmax 50V
37) (B) 24V
1 1
v r W 3 20 10 2 30rad / sec
2 2
emf max Bex AN emf max 0.1 (40 20 10 4 ) 30 100 emfmax 24V
56
38) (C) 350V
22 100
emf max Bex AN Bex A(2f ) N 200 B ex (10 20 10 4 ) 2 100
7 22
Bex 3.5T
When the coil rotates around an axis parallel to its length with velocity 5m/s:
1 1
v r W 5 20 10 2 50rad / sec
2 2
emf max Bex AN emf max 3.5 (10 20 10 4 ) 50 100
emfmax 350V
39) (A)
emf 100Sin (10800t ) (Given) emfinst emfmaxSin (360ft) (Known) emf max 100 V
1
emfinst 100Sin (10800t ) emf inst 100Sin 10800 emf inst 100V
120
10800
360ft = 10800t f f 30Hz
360
22
2f 2 30 188.57rad / sec
7
40) (A) 1×10-2Wb
emf 100Sin (100t ) (Given) emfinst emfmaxSin (360ft) (Known) emf max 100
360ft = 100πt 360×f = 100×180 f 50Hz
emf max Bex AN emf max m (2f ) N 100 m (2 50) 100 m 110 2 Wb
41) (D)
Given: emf 100Bex A sin(100t ) Known: emf inst Bex A(2f ) N sin( 2ft)
100t 2ft 100 2f f 50Hz
emf max Bex AN 100Bex A Bex A(2f ) N 100Bex A Bex A(2 50) N N 1Turn
42) (D)
no. of vibrations 20
f f f 50Hz
time 0 .4
The number of times it gives 5 Ampere/sec:
Nmax / sec 2f Nmax / sec 2 50 Nmax / sec 100
The number of times it gives zero Ampere/sec:
NZero / sec 2f 1 NZero / sec (2 50) 1 N Zero / sec 101
67
43) (D)
no. of vibrations 1500
f f f 25 cycle/ sec
time 60
NZero / sec 2f 1 NZero / sec (2 25) 1 N Zero / sec 51
22
emf max Bex A(2f ) N emf max 4.2 10 3 100 10 4 2 25 500
7
emfmax 3.3V
360ft 360 25 0.02 180o
emf inst emf maxSin ( 90) emfinst emf maxSin (180 90) emfinst 3.3V
44) (A)
emf max Bex AN
emf max is independent on the resistance of the dynamo’s coil (R).
45) (A)
emf max Bex AN
emf max is independent on the angle of rotation (θ) of the coil.
46) (B)
emfinst emfmax Sin N emfinst Sin N
47) (A)
When the plane of the coil is inclined to the field by an angle 60˚, so the normal to
the coil makes angle (90 – 60 = 30o) with the field.
1 1
30 o Sin 30 emf inst emf max
2 2
48) (C) 1000 turns
emfmax = BexA(2πf)N
4
800 10 3 (2 100) N
N = 1000 turns
67
3
49) (D)
3
no. of cycles 0.5 250
f f f Hz
time 6 103 3
emfinst emfmax sin N emfinst sin N (emfmax is constant)
emf x sin x emf x sin 360ft x emf x sin(360 (250 / 3) 1 103 )
emf y sin y emf y sin 360ft y emf y sin(360 (250 / 3) 2 103 )
x 3
y 3
50) (B)
1 1
f f f 25Hz
T 2 20 10 3
[Link] vibrations 0.5
OR f f f 25Hz
time 20 10 3
22
2f 2 25 157.14rad / sec
7
emfmax = BAωN 200 B 0.2 157.14 480 B = 0.013T
51) (D) 286V
1 1
f f f 55.6Hz
T 18 10 3
Iinst ImaxSin N I inst I maxSin (360ft)
I inst 20 Sin (360 55 .6 12 10 3 ) Iinst 17 .35 A
emfinst Iinst R 17.35 16.5 emfinst 286 V
52) (D) Ny > Nx > Nz
emf max Bex A(2f ) N (At constant BA) emf max (fN)
No of vibrations
f emfmax( N No of vibrations)
time
Dynamo (x): V( Nx 1) N x V
4
Dynamo (y): 2V( N y 1.5) N y V
3
1
Dynamo (z): V( N z 2) N z V
2
Ny Nx Nz
67
53) (D) Ak > Az > Ay > Ax
emf max Bex AN emf max Bex A(2f ) N
emf max Af (At constant the other factors)
No of vibrations
f Constant no of vibrations = half cycle
time
A
emf max ( ) A(emfmax t )
t
A (emf max t ) Ax V 2 A x 2V
A (emf max t ) A y 2V 3 A y 6V
A (emf max t ) Az3V 4 Az 12V
A (emf max t ) Ak 4V 5 Ak 20V Ak > Az > Ay > Ax
54) (D) (d) (a) (c) (b)
emf max Bex AN (Bex, ω) are constants
Let (Bex = 1T) & (ω = 1rad/sec) & (A = 1m2)
emf max(a ) 1 2 1 10 20 V emf max(b ) 1 4 1 10 40 V
emf max(c ) 1 1 1 30 30 V emf max(d ) 1 1 1 10 10 V
emf max(d ) emf max(a ) emf max(c ) emf max(b )
(d) (a) (c) (b)
55) (D) 200π
emfmax = Bex AωN
376.99 0.3 0.01 200 628.316rad / sec (200)rad / sec
56) (B) 8.23A
22
emfmax = Bex AωN emfmax = BexA(2πf)N emf max 0.6 0.08 2 50 12
7
emfmax 181.03V
emfmax 181.03
I max I max I max 8.23A
R 22
57) (B) 4.4V
emf inst Bex ANSin N emf inst Bex A(2f ) NSin N
22 1400
emf inst 0.01 0.02 2 300 Sin (90 60) emf inst 4.4V
7 60
67
58) (C)
360ft 360 50 0.2 10 3 3.6
22
emf inst Bex ANSin N emf inst 2 10 3 1 2 50 200 Sin(3.6)
7
emfinst 7.89V 7.9V
1
59) (C)
4
no of revolutions 2 4
f fx fy
time t t
emf max BAN Same (B&A).
emf max( y ) fy Ny 4 N 1 4 Ny Ny 1
V
t y
emf max( x ) fx Nx 2V 2 Nx 2 2 Nx Nx 4
t
60) (B) 2f
If:
No. of waves = Two waves
No. of times the current reverses its direction = 4 times
No. of times the current reverses its direction = 2 × No. of Waves = 2f
61) (B) three times
62) (B) three times
63) (A)
As f(1 / T) and emff (emf = BexA(2πf)N)
f 2 2f1 T2 0.5T1
T2 0.5 4 T2 2 sec
V2 2V1 V2 2 1 V2 2 Volt
67
Average Induced emf
1) (B)
When the coil of an AC dynamo is parallel to the direction of the
magnetic flux, the coil doesn't cut the magnetic flux lines, so the
magnetic flux through the coil is zero and the normal to the coil will be
perpendicular to the field ( N 90 ), so the induced electromotive force
is maximum.
2) (C) The instantaneous electromotive force when the coil’s plane is parallel to the magnetic field.
Where the angle between the coil and the magnetic field equals zero, so ( N 90 ) and the value of the
electromotive force in the dynamo's coil is maximum (does not equal zero).
3) (D) B, D
At point (A):
The magnetic flux that penetrates a circular coil is zero at
which the plane of the coil parallel to the magnetic flux and
the induced current will be maximum.
At point (B):
The magnetic flux that penetrates a circular coil is maximum
at which the plane of the coil perpendicular to the magnetic
flux and the induced current will be zero.
At point (C):
The magnetic flux that penetrates a circular coil is zero at which the plane of the coil parallel to the
magnetic flux and the induced current will be maximum in opposite direction.
At point (D):
The magnetic flux that penetrates a circular coil is maximum at which the plane of the coil perpendicular
to the magnetic flux and the induced current will be zero.
So the two points at which the induced current reverses its direction in the coil are (B) and (D).
4) (D) It equals zero in the two cases.
The average value of the AC current in complete cycles equals
zero.
66
5) (B)
1 1
T 0.04 sec f f 25Hz
T 0.04
1.5
OR f f 25Hz
0.06
2f 2 3.14 25 157rad / sec
(Where at time 0.04sec the current makes a complete cycle).
The average induced emf through one complete cycle = 0, so (I = 0).
6) (C) 0.0625T
no of vibrations (1 / 4)
f f f 0.5Hz
time 0.5
1 1 1
OR f f f 0.5Hz
T 4 0.5 2
emf av (1 / 4 ) 4B ex AfN 2 4 Bex 0.2 0.5 80 Bex 0.0625T
7) (A) 0.05T
(1/4) rotation from parallel position:
no of vibrations (1 / 4)
f f f 2.5Hz
time 0.1
1 1
OR f f f 2.5Hz
T 4 0.1
emf av (1 / 4 ) 4B ex AfN 10 4 Bex 0.2 2.5 100 Bex 0.05T
8) (C)
1000 50
f f Hz
60 3
50
emf av (1 / 4 ) 4B ex AfN emf av (1/ 4) 4 0.4 (5 10 10 4 ) 420 emf av (1 / 4) 56 V
3
4 4 50
emf av (3 / 4) B ex AfN emf av (3 / 4) 0.4 (5 10 10 4 ) 420 emf av ( 3 / 4 ) 18 .67 V
3 3 3
9) (C) 0.04V
1 1
f f f 5Hz
T 2 0.1
emf av (1 / 2 ) 4B ex AfN emf av (1 / 2) 4 4 10 5 500 10 4 5 1000 emf av (1 / 2 ) 0.04 V
65
10) (D) 7 turns
B ex A (2 1.5) 0.1
emf av N 168 N N = 7 turns
t 12.5 10 3
OR T 2 t T 2 12.5 103 T 25 103 sec
4 N 4 NB ex A 4 N (1.5 0.1)
emf av 168 N = 7 turns
T T 25 10 3
No. of vibrations 0.5
OR f f f 40Hz
sec 12.5 103
emf av 4Bex AfN 168 4 1.5 0.1 40 N N = 7 turns
11) (D) Zero
(1/2) rotation from horizontal position: emf av (1/ 2 ) Zero
12) (B)
From the graph:
When the coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field at (θN = 0o), (θN = 180o) and
(θN = 360o), the coil cut the magnetic flux lines, so ( m max ) so the induced emf
is zero.
When the coil is parallel to the magnetic field at (θN = 90o) and (θN = 270o), the
coil doesn't cut the magnetic flux lines, so ( m 0 ) so the induced emf is maximum.
13) (D) from (t) to (4t)
The value of the average electromotive force within:
The time interval from (t) to (2t) (quarter cycle) = 4BexAfN
The time interval from (0) to (t) (quarter cycle) = 4BexAfN
The time interval from (0) to (2t) (half cycle) = 4BexAfN
The time interval from (2t) to (3t) (quarter cycle) = 4BexAfN
4
The time interval from (t) to (4t) (three quarter cycle) = BexAfN = 1.33 BexAfN
3
14) (B) The interval from (t) to (2t)
The value of the average electromotive force within:
The time interval from (0) to (2t) (half cycle) = 4BexAfN
The time interval from (t) to (3t) (half cycle from horizontal position) = Zero
The time interval from (t) to (2t) (quarter cycle) = 4BexAfN
4
The time interval from (0) to (3t) (three quarter cycle) = BexAfN = 1.33 BexAfN
3
The time interval from (0) to (4t) (complete cycle) = Zero
66
15) (B) 0.48A
1 1
f f f 100Hz
T 10 10 3
From 2.5ms → 5ms [Quarter cycle]
max B ex A 4 10 5 Wb
emf av (1 / 4 ) 4B ex AfN 4fN
emf av (1 / 4 ) 4 4 10 5 100 150 emf av (1 / 4 ) 2.4V
emfav (1 / 4) 2.4
I av (1 / 4) Iav (1 / 4) I av (1 / 4 ) 0.48 A
R 5
16) (C) 79.2V
m
m Bex A cos N B ex A
cos N
From the graph:
0.035
B ex A B ex A 0.0495 T.m 2
cos 45
emf av ( 1 ) 4B ex AfN
4
emf av ( 1 ) 4 0.0495 50 8 emf av ( 1 ) 79 .2V
4 4
17) (D) 400V
m 0.015
m Bex A cos N B ex A B ex A
cos N cos 45
B ex A 0.02121 T.m 2
emfmax = BexAωN emfmax = BexA(2πf)N
22 1800
emf max 0.02121 2 100 emf max 399.96V 400V
7 60
18) (A) 124.4V
m 0.035
m Bex A cos N B ex A B ex A
cos N cos 45
B ex A 0.0495 T.m 2
22 1
emf ins Bex ANSin N emf ins 0.0495 2 50 8 Sin 360
7 4
emf ins 124.4V
66
19) (A) (t1, t3)
The value of induced emf will equal zero when the
normal to the coil is parallel to the magnetic lines
( N 0 ), so the magnetic flux that penetrating the
coil will be maximum ( m BA cos N ), so from the
graph (emf = 0) at (t1 and t3).
20) (D) 40V
emf av (1 / 2 ) 4B ex AfN emf av (1 / 2 ) 4 0.1 0.02 50 100 emf av (1 / 2 ) 40 V
1
21) (A) The coil rotates cycle starting from the normal position.
2
B A cos N 3 6 104 5 104 cos N
emfav N m emf av N ex 0.3 10 200
t t 400 10 3
cos N 2
1
As the coil rotates cycle starting from the normal position:
2
cos N cos( 0) cos(180) 2
OR emf av 4Bex AfN 0.3 103 4 6 104 5 104 f 200 f 1.25Hz
1
f T 0.8s
T
1 1
400 10 3 0.4s T t av T
2 2
22) (C) 140V
1 1
f f f 50Hz
T 4 5 10 3
emf 4Bex AfN 4fN emf 4 3.5 103 50 200 emf 140V
23) (C) 0.025V
1 1
f f f 125Hz
T 4 2 10 3
no. of cycles 0.25
OR f f f 125Hz
time 2 10 3
360ft 360 125 0.1103 4.5
emf inst Bex ANSin N emfinst m (2f ) N sin N
emf inst 2 10 6 (2 3.14 125 ) 200 sin 4.5 emf inst 0.025 V
66
24) (B) 314V
m
m Bex A cos N B ex A
cos N
10 10 3
B ex A 0.02T.m 2
cos(90 30)
emf max Bex AN Bex A(2f ) N emfmax 0.02 2 3.14 50 50
emf max 314V
67
Effective Value of the Alternating Current
1) (C) decreasing the area of the dynamo’s coil.
emf max B ex A N
emf max I max R
I eff 0.707 I max
2) (D) equal to the effective value.
1
emfinst emf maxSin (90 45) emfinst emf max emf eff
2
3) (D) 311.17V
emf eff 0.707 emf max 220 0.707 emf max emf max 311.17V
4) (B) bulb (y)
Veff ( x ) 0.707 Vmax Veff ( x ) 0.707 24
Veff ( x ) 16 .9V 17 V (same (R) of the lamps)
VB( y ) Veff ( x )
5) (C) 2.828A
emfmax Imax R 200 Imax 50 I max 4A
Ieff 0.707 Imax Ieff 0.707 4 Ieff 2.828A
OR emfeff 0.707 emfmax emfeff 0.707 200 emfeff 141.4V
emfeff Ieff R 141.4 Ieff 50 Ieff 2.828A
6) (A) 33.936V
7 22 1500
emf max Bex AN Bex A(2f ) N emf max 0.03 10 2 2 800 emfmax 48V
11 7 30
emfeff 0.707 emf max emfeff 0.707 48 emfeff 33.936V
7) (D)
NZero / sec 2f 1 N Zero / sec (2 50) 1 N Zero / sec 101
I eff 0.707 I max 3.535 0.707 I max I max 5A
Iinst ImaxSin N Iinst 5 Sin (90 60) I inst 2.5A
67
8) (B)
1 1
I eff I max 10 I max I max 10 2A
2 2
1
Iinst ImaxSin N I inst 10 2 Sin 360 I inst 10 2A
4
1
Iinst ImaxSin N I inst 10 2 Sin 360 Iinst 10A
8
9) (A) 5A
Ieff 0.707 Imax 3.535 0.707 I max I max 5A
1
θ = 360ft θ = 360 50 θ = 90°
200
Iinst ImaxSin N Iinst 5 Sin 90 Iinst 5A
10) (B) 0.4A
emf eff 0.707emf max emf eff 0.707 300 emf eff 212.1V
P emf eff I eff 60 212.1 I eff I eff 0.2828A
I eff 0.707I max 0.2828 0.707 I max Imax 0.4A
1 1
OR Peff (VI ) max 60 300 I max I max 0.4A
2 2
11) (D)
P I eff
2
R 4000 Ieff
2
40 Ieff 10 A
Ieff 0.707Imax 10 0.707 Imax I max 14 .144 A
emfmax Imax R emf max 14.144 40 emfmax 565.7V
2 2
Veff emfeff
OR P 4000 emfeff 400V
R 40
emfeff 0.707emfmax 400 0.707 emfmax emfmax 565.7V
OR P emfeff I eff 4000 emfeff 10 emfeff 400V
emfeff 0.707emfmax 400 0.707 emfmax emfmax 565.7V
12) (A)
Ieff 0.707Imax 14.14 0.707 Imax Imax 20A
1
360ft 360 50 180
100
Iinst ImaxSin N Iinst 20 Sin180 Iinst Zero
1 1
T T T 0.02s t (1 / 2) cycle 0.01s
f 50
W I 2eff Rt W (14.14)2 5 0.01 W 9.99J 10J
67
13) (B)
Ieff 0.707 Imax 2.828 0.707 I max I max 4A
Iinst ImaxSin N Iinst 4 Sin 30 Iinst 2A
W I eff
2
Rt W (2.828)2 5 10 W 399.8J 400J
14) (A) 2.5J
emf 50Sin (9000t ) (Given) emfinst emfmaxSin (360ft) (Known) emfmax 50V
emfeff 0.707 emf max emfeff 0.707 50 emfeff 35.35 V
9000
360ft = 9000t f f 25Hz
360
1 1
T T 0.04 sec t (1 / 2 ) cycle 0.02 sec
f 25
2
emfeff (35.35) 2
W t (1 / 2) cycle W 0.02 W 2.49J 2.5J
R 10
15) (B) 6ms
1 1
emfinst emfmaxSin 1 emfmax emfmaxSin 1 Sin 1 1 45 o
2 2
1 1
emfinst emfmaxSin 2 emf max emf maxSin 2 Sin 2 2 30 o
2 2
360ft t
1 t 1 45 9
t 2 6ms
2 t 2 30 t 2
16) (C)
I eff 0.707 I max 10 0.707 Imax Imax 14.14A
eff 45o 45 360 50 t eff t eff 2.5 10 3 s
max 90 o 360ft t
eff t 45 2.5 103
eff t max 5 10 3 5ms
max t max 90 t max
OR At maximum current: max 90 o
360ft 90 360 50 t max t max 5 10 3 5ms
67
17) (D)
1
max 90 o 360ft 90 = 360 f f 50Hz
200
22
emf max Bex A(2f ) N emf max 0.5 3 10 3 2 50 420 emf max 198 V
7
emfeff 0.707 emf max emfemf 0.707 198 emf eff 139 .98 V
1 1
Iinst Imax sin N Imax Imax sin N sin N N 30
2 2
max t max 90 (1 / 200)
360ft t
half max t half max 30 t half max
t half max (1 / 600 )s
OR At half of maximum current: half max 30 o
360ft 30 360 50 t half max t half max (1 / 600 )s
18) (B)
emf eff 0.707emf max emf eff 0.707 (Bex AN) emf eff A
19) (B) 5.656A
Ieff 0.707 Imax Ieff 0.707 8
Ieff 5.656A
20) (C)
I eff 0.707I max I eff 0.707 10 I eff 7.07 A
The graph (C): Represents the intensity of the DC current (I) which produces the
same electric energy in the resistor (R) within the same time interval (t1).
21) (D) 14.14V
emfeff 0.707 emf max
10 0.707 emf max emfmax 14.14V
OR emfinst emfmaxSin N
10 emfmaxSin 45 emfmax 14.14V
67
22) (C) 156V
45 o
4
emf eff 0.707emf max 220 0.707 emf max
emf max 311.17V
emfinst emf max sin N emf inst 311.17 sin 150 emf inst 155.58V 156V
23) (B) 0.09T
1 1
f f f 50Hz
T 2 10 103
360ft 360 50 2.5 103 45o
1 1
emfeff emf max 100 2 emf max
2 2
emf max 200V
22
emf max Bex AN Bex A(2f ) N 200 B ex 0.1 2 50 70 Bex 0.09T
7
24) (B)
360ft
180 360 f 10 10 3 f 50Hz
no. of vibrations 0.5
OR f f f 50Hz
time 10 103
1 1
OR f f f 50Hz
T 2 10 10 3
emfeff 0.707 emf max emf eff 0.707 200 emf eff 141.4V
25) (D)
Ieff 0.707 Imax
Ieff 0.707 12 Ieff 8.484A
0 .5 1
f f Hz
6 12
1 1 1 1
OR f f f Hz 6 T
T 26 12 2
22 1
2f 2
7 12
11
rad / sec
21
66
26) (C) 400W
1 1
P (VI ) max P 200 4 P 400W
2 2
1 1
OR emfeff emf max emf eff 200 emf eff 100 2V
2 2
1 1
I eff I max I eff 4 I eff 2 2V
2 2
P emfeff Ieff P 100 2 2 2 P 400W
27) (B) 1.75A
1 1
P (VI ) max 175 200 I max I max 1.75 A
2 2
1 7 2
OR PW I eff Veff 175 I eff 200 I eff A
2 8
1 7 2 1
I eff I max I max I max 1.75A
2 8 2
So the value of (X) equals 1.75A
28) (A) 35.53V
6000
emf max Bex AN Bex A(2f ) N emf max 0.02 0.02 2 3.14 200 emf max 50.24V
60
1 1
emf eff emf max emf eff 50.24 emf eff 35.53V
2 2
29) (C) 2.5ms
1 1
emf inst emf maxSin N emf eff emf max emf max emf max Sin N
2 2
1
Sin N N 45 o
2
360ft 45 360 50 t t 2.5 103 s 2.5ms
30) (D) 111.1V
Nmax / sec 2f 100 2f f 50Hz
22
emf max Bex AN Bex A(2f ) N emfmax 200 103 250 10 4 2 50 100
7
emfmax 157.142V
emfeff 0.707 emf max emfeff 0.707 157.142 emf eff 111 .1V
65
31) (A) 2A
P I eff
2
R 60 Ieff
2
30 2
I eff 2 I eff 2A
1 1
I eff I max 2 I max I max 2A
2 2
32) (A) 6V
When the angle between normal to coil and the magnetic lines is 45o, the effective value of induced
electromotive force is equal 6V.
OR T 2 0.04 T 0.08 sec
1 1
f f f 12.5Hz
T 0.08
360ft 360 12.5 0.01 45o
At 45o emfinst emf maxSin 45 emfeff 6V
33) (D)
The alternating current that gives the same thermal energy in the same
resistance during the same time that is generated by direct current is the
effective value of AC current, so I ( DC ) I eff ( AC ) 141 .4A 100 2A
Ieff Imax sin 45 Ieff 141 .4A 100 2A (As in figures (B&D))
1 1
f From figures f 50Hz
T 20 103
360ft 45 360 50 t t eff 2.5 10 3 s 2.5ms
(As in figure (D))
66
Special Rules
1) (C) 63.6V
2 2
emfav emfmax emfav 100 emfav 63.6V
(22 / 7)
2) (C) 90V
2 2 2 2
emfav emfeff emf av 100 emfav 89.99V 90V
(22 / 7)
3) (A) 0
emf av (1cycle) zero
4) (A)
emfmax = BexAωN 157 = 0.1 0.05 ω 100 ω = 314rad/sec
2 2
emfav emfmax emf av 157 emfav 100 Volt
3.14
OR ω = 2πf 314 = 2×3.14×f f = 50Hz
emf av (1 / 4 ) 4B ex AfN emf av (1 / 4 ) 4 0.1 0.05 50 100 emf av (1 / 4 ) 100 Volt
5) (A)
1 1
t (1/ 4) cycle sec T 4 T 0.02sec
200 200
1 1
f f f 50Hz
T 0.02
1
OR 360ft 90 360 f f 50Hz
200
emf av (1 / 4 ) 4B ex AfN emf av (1/ 4) 4 0.5 3 10 3 50 420 emf av (1 / 4 ) 126 V
22
OR emf max Bex AN Bex A(2f ) N emf max 0.5 3 10 3 2 50 420 emf max 198 V
7
2 2
emfav (1 / 4 ) emf max emfav (1 / 4) 198 emf av (1 / 4 ) 126 V
(22 / 7)
R eq 5 245 R eq 250
emfeff 0.707 emf max emfeff 0.707 198 emfeff 139.986V
emfeff Ieff R 139.986 Ieff 250 Ieff 0.55A 0.6A
2 2 2 2
OR emf av (1/ 4 ) emf eff 126 emf eff emfeff 139.986V
emfeff Ieff R 139.986 Ieff 250 Ieff 0.55A 0.6A
66
6) (B)
R T R Turn N R T 0.01100 R T 1
1 1
T T T 0.02s
f 50
2 2
emf eff emf eff
W T 2 0.02 emfeff 10V
RT 1
emf eff 0.707emf max 10 0.707 emf max emfmax 14.14V
2 2 2 2
emfav emfeff emfav 10 emf av 8.99V 9V
(22 / 7)
2 2
OR emfav emf max emfav 14.14 emf av 8.99V 9V
(22 / 7)
7) (C) 7.6V
From the graph: At (N = 60) (emfmax = 12V)
2
emf av emf max
2
emfav 12 emfav 7.6V
(22 / 7)
8) (C)
2 2
emfav emfmax emfav 22 emfav 14V
(22 / 7)
emfeff 0.707emfmax emfeff 0.707 22 emf eff 15 .55 V
2 2 2 2
OR emfav emfeff 14 emfeff emf eff 15 .55 V
(22 / 7)
9) (B)
1 1 f 50Hz
f f
T 20 10 3
360ft 360 50 2.5 103 45o
emfinst emfmaxSin N emfinst 100 Sin 45 emf inst 70 .71V
From the figure the value emf max 100 V at time equal 5ms (quarter cycle)
2 2
emfav emf max emfav 100 emf av 63 .64 V
(22 / 7)
OR (At 45o ) the value of the emf equal the effective emf
1 1
emf eff emf max emf eff 100 emf eff 70.71V
2 2
2 2 2 2
emf av emf eff emf av 70.71 emf av 63 .64 V
66
10) (C) 311V
m
m B ex A cos N B ex A
cos N
1.75 10 3
B ex A B ex A 3.5 10 3 T.m 2
cos(90 30)
emf max Bex AN Bex A(2f ) N
22
emfmax 3.5 10 3 2 50 400 emfmax 440V
7
emfeff 0.707emfmax emfeff 0.707 440 emfeff 311.08V 311V
OR emfav 4Bex AfN emf av 4 3.5 10 3 50 400 emf av 280 V
2 2 2 2
emf av emf eff 280 emf eff emfeff 311.12V 311V
11) (A) 55 2 V
At max emf 0 N 0
1 1
m B ex A 110 3 T.m 2 f 25Hz
T 0.04
emf max Bex AN Bex A(2f ) N
22
emf max 1 10 3 2 25 700 emf max 110 V
7
1 1
emfeff emf max emfeff 110
2 2
emf eff 55 2 V
OR emf av 4Bex AfN emf av 4 1 10 3 25 700 emf av 70 V
2 2 2 2
emfav emf eff 70 emf eff emf eff 55 2V
(22 / 7)
67
12) (D) 187V
1
1 90 0 90 2 90 (360 ) 126
10
2 cos
emf av emf max 90
2 cos(90) cos(126)
emf av 200 90 emfav 187V
(22 / 7) (126 90)
(2)
OR emf max Bex AN emf max Bex A2f N 200 B ex A N
T
B ex AN 200 B ex AN 200 B ex AN 350
T 2 T 2 (22 / 7) T 11
m B ex A cos cos
emf av N emf av N emf av NB ex A
t t t
B ex AN B ex AN
emf av cos emf av 10 cos
T / 10 T
10 cos(90) cos(126)
350
emfav emfav 187V
11
13) (C) 52.5V
1 1
T 2 0.025 0.05s f f f 20Hz
T 0.05
1 360ft1 1 360 20 0 1 0
1
2 360ft 2 2 360 20 2 60
120
2 cos
emf av emf max 90
2 cos(0) cos(60)
emf av 110 90 emfav 52.5V
(22 / 7) (60 0)
OR emf max Bex AN emf max Bex A(2f ) N
22
110 B ex 7 10 3 2 20 50 Bex 2.5T
7
m B ex A cos N B ex A(cos 1 cos 2 )
emfav N emf av N emf av N
t t (t 1 t 2 )
2.5 7 10 3 (cos(0) cos(60))
emf av 50 emfav 52.5V
1
0
120
67
14) (A)
From (t = 2ms) to (t = 6ms): (Half cycle)
Coil starting the rotation from horizontal position.
emf av (1 / 2 ) zero
From (t = 3ms) to (t = 4ms):
1 1
f f f 125H
T 8 10 3
1 360ft1 1 360 125 3 103 1 135 o
2 360ft 2 2 360 125 4 103 2 180
2 cos
emf av emf max 90
2 cos(135) cos(180)
emf av 100 90 emf av 37 .27 V
(22 / 7) (180 135)
15) (C) 1.89
1 1
emfinst emfmax sin N emf inst emf max sin 360 90 emf inst emf max
8 2
2 cos N 2 cos 0 cos 45
emfav emf max 90 emfav emf max 90
45 0
emfinst 1 2 cos 0 cos 45
emf max emf max 90
emf 1
av cycle
2 45 0
8
emfinst
1.89
emf 1
av cycle
8
16) (B) 40Hz
3
The coil reaches its maximum value for the first time:
2
3 3
emfinst emfmax Sin N emfmax emfmaxSin N Sin N N r 60
2 2
3
The coil reaches its maximum value for the second time:
2
r 180 N r 180 60 r 120 o
1
360ft 120 360 f f 40Hz
120
67
17) (B)
emf max Bex A(2f ) N
7 22 1500
emfmax 0.03 10 2 2 800 emf max 48 V
11 7 30
The time for reach + 24V for the first time: θN = θr
1
emfinst emfmaxSin N 24 48 Sin N N Sin 1 30o
2
1500
360ft 30 360 t 24 V t 24 V 1.667 10 3 sec
30
The time for reach – 24V for the first time: θr = 180 + θN
θr = 180 + 30 θr = 210o
1500
360ft 210 360 t 24 V t 24 V 0.012 sec
30
OR The time will be (time to half cycle + time to reach 24V)
30 1
T 0.02 sec
1500 50
T 0.02
t 24 V t 24 V t 24 V 1.667 10 3 t 24V 0.012 sec
2 2
18) (C) C
When the coil passes by the perpendicular position to the field.
emfinst emfmaxSin N
emf inst emf maxSin 0 emfinst 0
67
19) (D) 10.132V
1
1 0 2 360 120
3
emfinst emfmaxSin N
10 emf maxSin 45 emf max 10 2V
2 cos
emf av emf max 90
2 cos(0) cos(120)
emf av 10 2 90 emfav 10.132V
3.14 (120 0)
B ex A(2) N
OR emf max Bex AN emf max Bex A2f N 10 2
T
B ex AN 10 2
T 2 3.14
m B ex A( cos N ) NB ex A
emfav N emf av N emf av cos N
t t t
B ex AN B ex AN
emf av cos N emf av 3 cos N
(T / 3) T
cos(0) cos(120)
10 2
emf av 3 emfav 10.132V
2 3.14
20) (D) 19.11V
1 1
f f f 25Hz
T 0.04
1 360ft1 1 360 25 0 1 0
1
2 360ft 2 2 360 25 2 300
30
2 cos
emf av emf max 90
2 cos(0) cos(300)
emf av 200 90 emf av 19.108V 19.11V
3.14 (300 0)
OR emf max Bex AN emf max Bex A(2f ) N 200 Bex A(2 3.14 25) N
200 200
B ex AN B ex AN
2 3.14 25 157
m B ex A cos N B ex A(cos 1 cos 2 )
emfav N emf av N emf av N
t t (t 1 t 2 )
200 cos(0) cos(300)
emf av emf av 19.108V 19.11V
157 1
0
30
67
21) (A) 47.77V
1 1
f f f 12.5Hz
2 0.04 0.08
1 360ft1 1 360 12.5 0 1 0o
1
2 360ft 2 2 360 12.5 2 60
75
2 cos
emfav emfmax 90
2 cos(0) cos(60)
emf av 100 90 emf av 47.77V
3.14 (60 0)
OR emf max Bex AN emf max Bex A2f N 100 Bex A2 3.14 12.5N
100 200
B ex AN B ex AN
2 3.14 12.5 157
B ex A cos N (cos 1 cos 2 )
emf av N emf av N emf av B ex AN
t t (t 1 t 2 )
200 (cos(0) cos(60))
emf av emf av 47.77V
157 1
0
75
22) (A) 0V
As the coil start rotation from parallel position, and makes half cycle at
(0.2sec), so the emfav = 0.
1 1
OR f f f 2.5Hz
T 2 0.2
360ft 360 2.5 0.2 180 o
Starting rotation from the parallel position:
1 90 o 2 90 180 270o
emf max Bex A2f N
22
emf max Bex AN emf max 30 10 3 2 2.5 200
7
emf max 94.28V
2 cos
emf av emf max 90
2 cos(90) cos(270)
emf av 94.28 90 emf av 0
(22 / 7) (270 90)
66
23) (C) 25Hz
The coil reaches half its maximum value for the first time:
1
emfinst emfmax Sin N emf max emf maxSin N
2
1
Sin N N 30
2
The coil reach half its maximum value for the second time:
+Voltage (Second time): θr = 180 – θN
1
r 180 30 150o 360ft 150 360 f f 25Hz
60
1
24) (C) s
120
1
emfinst emfmax Sin N 50 100 Sin N Sin N N 30
2
The time needed to reach an induced emf to 50V for the second time:
+Voltage (Second time): θr = 180 – θN
1
r 180 30 150o 360ft 150 360 50 t t s
120
25) (D) 5×10-4s
emfinst emfmaxSin N 22.5 45Sin N
1
Sin 30 o
2
The angle made by the coil = 90 – 30 = 60o
1
f
T
From the figure T 4 0.75 103
1
360ft 60 360 t t = 5×10-4s
4 0.75 10 3
65
DC Dynamo (Generator)
1) (D) Electromagnetic induction.
2) (C) direct current.
3) (B) Commutator.
4) (D) a commutator and many coils with equal angles between them
5) (D)
6) (C) Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
7) (C)
8) (A) Clockwise.
Applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
9) (B)
Applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
10) (B) (F2) is positive in each of the two halves of the cycle.
Applying Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
11) (B) I, from (b) to (a)
By applying Fleming's right-hand rule on the long sides of the coil, we find
that the direction of the current passing in the coil is clockwise and hence
its direction in the resistor (R) is from (b) to (a).
After rotation of the coil half a cycle from that position, the plane of the
coil becomes parallel to the magnetic field once more and the value of the
current passing in resistor (R) becomes (I) and since the coil is connected to
a commutator split into two isolated halves (metal rectifier), the direction of
the current passing in the resistor (R) does not change, hence the direction of the current resistor (R)
remains from (b) to (a).
66
12) (C) Convert the alternating current to approximately constant value.
13) (D)
14) (B) 30°
360
Angle between number of coils =
2 number of coils
360
Angle between number of coils 30
26
1
15) (B)
2
No. of sections of commutator = 2 × No. of coils
number of coils 1
No of sec tions of commutator 2
16) (C) Double it.
No. of sections of commutator = 2 × No. of coils
17) (C)
18) (A)
19) (C) remains the same.
20) (A) increases.
21) (C) equal
As it doesn’t depend on the direction (Ieff = 0.707 Imax)
22) (C) Replacing the two slip rings with the commutator
When replacing the two slip rings with the commutator, the dynamo converted to DC dynamo and the
value of current effective doesn’t depend on direction (Ieff = 0.707 Imax).
23) (B) 19.11V
The dynamo has two slip rings, so it is AC
dynamo so the correct curve is (X).
emf max I max R emf max 3 10
emf max 30V
2 2
emf av emf max emf av 30 emf av 19.108V 19.11V
3.14
66
24) (C) 100Hz
1 1
T1 2T2 f f 2
T T 0.5
f 2 2f1 f 2 2 50 100Hz
66
DC Motor
1) (B) Motor.
2) (A)
3) (C) Remove the battery and make the coil rotates.
4) (B)
5) (B) The commutator starts to rotate.
The device converted to DC motor
6) (C) The direction of rotation reverses.
7) (A) The power of motor will increase.
8) (D)
9) (B)
By applying Fleming’s Left Hand Rule.
The direction of the coil rotation is Anti-clockwise.
10) (A) the maximum value.
The commutator touches the brushes, θN = 90◦ (maximum torque)
11) (B) zero.
θC = 90◦ θN = 0◦ (τ = 0)
777
12) (C) maximum
Because the side (ab) is perpendicular to magnetic lines in all possible positions of
the coil.
Fab Bex ILSin Fab Bex ILSin90 Fmax ab B ex IL
So the force affecting on the side (ab) constant in all possible positions of the coil
because the force will be always maximum.
13) (C)
The side (AB) is parallel to magnetic lines, so the force equals
zero.
FAB Bex ILSin FAB Bex ILSin0 FAB Zero
The side (AD) is perpendicular to magnetic lines
FAD Bex ILSin FAD 1.2 102 0.3 1.5 102 Sin 90
FAD 5.4 10 5 N
14) (D) Inertia.
15) (B) Commutator.
16) (D) The coil of motor will rotate in two opposite directions till stops in vertical position.
17) (C) The parts (1), (2) together.
A maximum mechanical power is obtained by using many coils with equal angles
between their planes and number of sections of commutator are double the number of
coils.
18) (D) stabilize the speed of rotation of the coil.
19) (D) 12V
(emfsource emfbackward) (emfsource 2)
I 2.5 emf source 12 V
R 4
20) (A) remains maximum.
Because the side (AD) is perpendicular to magnetic lines in all possible
positions of the coil.
FAD Bex ILSin FAD Bex ILSin90 Fmax AD B ex IL
So the force acting on the wire (AD) remains maximum.
777
21) (D) The force on the side (ab) remains constant.
Because the side (ab) is perpendicular to magnetic lines in all possible
positions of the coil, so the force affecting on the side (ab) remains constant
according to:
Fab Bex ILSin Fab Bex ILSin90 Fmax ab B ex IL
22) (B) The velocity of the coil’s rotation.
When the plane of the coil becomes perpendicular on the magnetic lines of the field, so ( 0) and the
coil continue rotation due to inertia and commutator doesn’t touch the brushes, so current doesn’t pass in
the coil.
I 0 0 md 0 F 0
23) (C) the inertia of the coil.
24) (D)
At the moment of closing the key, the backward induced emf equals zero, so:
emfsource 80
I I I 20A
R 4
To make the final current equal the initial one: (I = 5A)
emf Battery 80
I 5 R eq 16
R eq R eq
R eq 4 R 2 16 4 R 2 R 2 12
777
Eddy Currents
1) (D) Eddy currents.
2) (C) Iron core is made up of thin isolated sheets.
3) (B) Figure (2).
4) (A) the galvanometer works on direct currents.
5) (A) eddy currents.
6) (B) The electric energy is wasted as heat.
7) (D) The eddy currents.
8) (C) Melting metals.
9) (C)
Passing a high alternating current through a coil which surrounds a piece of metal, the surrounded coil
will be damaged due to the generation of eddy currents in the piece of metal because eddy currents
have a heat effect, while the plastic piece will not affected due to no generation of eddy currents in
plastic.
10) (C)
Passing an alternating current through a coil which surrounds a piece of iron, the core will be heated due
to the generation of eddy currents in the piece of iron because eddy currents have a heat effect, while the
core in the double wounded coil will not affected due to no generation of eddy currents in it.
11) (D) [Electrical → Magnetic → Electrical → Thermal]
12) (C) replace part number (1) with iron core in form of thin insulated sheets.
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13) (C) Circuit (3)
e ( A ) e ( B) and eddy currents is inversely proportional to the specific resistance
of the metal, so metal (B) has the greatest eddy currents.
There is no generation of eddy currents in the cylinders of thin sheets of metals (A)
and (B).
14) (D) (Z)
To get the smallest quantity of thermal energy due to eddy currents, the resistivity of the
material should be large and the conductivity should be small.
15) (A) T1 > T2 > T3
When an alternating current with the same voltage passes
through the three coils for the same time, the eddy currents
will pass through them and the thermal energy will be
generated.
The coil which has the greatest frequency produces the greatest amount of eddy currents and the greatest
amount of the thermal energy (greatest temperature).
f 1 f 2 f 3 , so T1 > T2 > T3
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Transformer
1) (C)
2) (C) Apparatus required operating it.
3) (A) mutual induction.
4) (C) The transformer will not operate.
5) (C) The transformer will not operate.
6) (B) When the secondary coil circuit is opened.
7) (B) self-induction
8) (C) Greater than 1
As step down transformer (NP > NS), so (NP/ NS) >1
9) (D)
10) (C)
As (NS > NP), so figure (C) is a step-up transformer and connected
with AC source, so the induced potential difference between the
points (a) and (b) is the greatest.
11) (D)
VP N P I S
VS N S I P
12) (C) The output current is less than the input current.
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy made by primary coil equals that delivered to
Vp Is
secondary one therefore (VPIPtP) = (VSIStS), , so the voltage is inversely proportional with the
Vs I p
1
current V , so the output voltage from a step-up transformer is greater than the input voltage and the
I
output current is less than the input current.
13) (B) the effective value of the electric current.
For step up transformer:
(VS > VP), (NS > NP) and (IS < IP).
14) (D) The effective value of current.
For step down transformer:
(VS < VP), (NS < NP) and (IS > IP).
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15) (B) The effective potential difference.
(VS > VP), (NS > NP) and (IS < IP).
As it is a step-up transformer (Step the potential difference up).
16) (A) The current frequency.
17) (C) same
18) (A) equal to
Ideal transformer (PS = PP)
19) (D)
For step up transformer:
(VS > VP), since VP = 12V, therefore (VS) is greater than 12V (Backward induced emf).
20) (C) The transformer.
21) (C) To minimize the loss in the electric energy.
22) (B) minimize the thermal energy
23) (A) Thin soft iron sheets insulted from each other.
24) (A) increase efficiency.
25) (B) The efficiency of the transformer.
26) (A) The lost in energy is 10%.
27) (B) The transformer is step-down transformer, and the turns of its secondary coil is thicker than
that of its primary coil.
While the number of turns of the secondary coil is lower than that of the primary coil, and since
VP N P
, then the voltage of its secondary coil is lower than that of its primary coil and the
VS NS
transformer is step-down transformer.
VP I S
To step down the voltage in the secondary coil, according to we need to increase the current
VS IP
L
passing in it, so increase its area (thickness) to decrease the resistance of its coil R e
A
28) (A) 25W
As the transformer is ideal, so the efficiency is 100%.
So the power applied to the primary coil = the power delivered to the secondary load.
775
29) (A) PW
The transformer is ideal, so the efficiency equal to one
PW (S)
1 PW (S) PW ( P ) PW ( P ) PW
PW ( P )
30) (D) 1:1
The primary coil and the secondary coil in the transformer have the same current frequency.
31) (C)
VP ( X ) 24 VP ( X ) VP ( X ) NP(X)
4
VS( Y ) 6 VS( Y ) VS( Y ) N S( Y )
N P ( X ) 360 NP(X)
4
N S( Y ) 90 N S( Y )
32) (C)
For ideal transformer:
VP N P 20 N 1
VS N S 60 3N 3
33) (C) (R) and (S)
VP N P 1 6 20
NS 40 turns
VS NS 12 NS
34) (D) 16
Transformer (1):
VP N P 1 V 4 N V
V1
VS NS V1 N 4
Transformer (2):
VP N P 1 V N
V2 4V
VS NS V2 4N
V2 4V V2
16
V1 V / 4 V1
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2 3
35) (A) ,
3 2
VP N P I S N P I S 180 3 IP 2
VS N S I P N S I P 120 2 IS 3
36) (B)
IS I P VS VP (Step-down transformer)
VP IS 1 VP 2 10 VS 1
VS IP VS 0.2 1 VP 10
37) (C)
As the secondary coil is opened, so (IS = Zero)
VP N P 1 120 500
VS 2.4V
VS NS VS 10
38) (D) 80V
VP N P 1 40 N
VS 160V
VS NS VS 4N
The voltage of the secondary coil divided equally between the two
secondary coils because of the equality of their resistance.
160
VS 80V
2
39) (A)
NP 1
NS = 2NP
NS 2
VP N P 1 240 1
VS = 480V
VS NS VS 2
Ideal transformer:
PW (S) PW ( P ) PW (S) VP I P PW (S) 240 3 PW (S) 720 Watt
VP IS 1 240 I S
OR IS = 1.5A
VS IP 480 3
PW (S) VS I S PW (S) 480 1.5 PW (S) 720 Watt
40) (B) 200W
emfeff 0.707 emfmax emfeff P 0.707 400
emfeff P 282.8V
VP N P 1 282.8 200
VS 70 .7 V
VS NS VS 50
VS2 (70.7) 2
PW (S) PW (S) PW (S) 199 .93 W 200 W
RS 25
776
41) (C) 8Ω
Step Up (NS > NP)
VP N P IS 1
VS NS I P 5
VP I P R P 1 5 RP 1
R P 8
VS ISR S 5 1 200 5
2 2 2
VP V VP (5VP ) 2
OR PP PS (Ideal) S
RP RS RP 200
1 25
R P 8
R P 200
42) (C)
VP N P VP N 1
VS NS VS 10 N 10
VP 1
(Transformers are work on AC sources) (Non-ideal transformer)
VS 10
43) (B) 80%
VP VS (Step-down)
VP N P 220 10
0.8 100 80%
VS NS 17.6 1
44) (C) 75%
VS IS 3000 0.06
100 100 75%
VP I P 120 2
VP I S 120 0.06
OR 75%
VS IP 3000 2
2
45) (D)
3
VP N P I S N P IS
VS NS I P NS IP
IS 3 IP 2
IP 2 IS 3
46) (C)
VP N P 0.9 240 2400
N S 1333 turns
VS NS 120 NS
PS VS IS 13 .5 10 3 120 IS IS 112 .5A
VP IS 0.9 240 112.5
I P 62.5A
VS IP 120 IP
P P 13.5 103
OR S S 0.9 I P 62.5A
PP VP I P 240 I P
776
47) (D) 3.4×104W
(IS )T IS( One Oven ) Number of ovens (IS )T 15 10 150A
PS VS (IS ) T PS 220 150 PS 33000 W
PS 33000
0.96 PP 34375W PP 3.4 10 4 W
PP PP
48) (D)
PP VP IP PP 220 10 PP 2200 Watt
PS 1980
100 100 90%
PP 2200
OR PS VS IS 1980 22 IS IS 90 A
VP IS 220 90
0.9 90%
VS IP 22 10
VS IS R S 22 90 R S R S 0.24
VS2 (22) 2
OR PS RS R S 0.24
RS 1980
OR PS IS R S 1980 (90 ) 2 R S R S 0.24
2
49) (D)
At the left transformer:
VP1 N P1
VS1 NS1
1 240000 1000
VS1 VP 2 12000V
VS1 50
At the right transformer:
VP 2 N P 2
VS2 NS2
1 12000 600
VS2 400 V
VS2 20
From left to right the types of the two transformers are step-down transformers.
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9
50) (B)
5
Transformer (X):
(VP ) x ( N P ) x 3 200 3
(VS ) x ( N S ) x 1 (VS ) x 1
200 200
(VS ) x V (VS ) x (VP ) y V
3 3
The transformer (Y):
(VP ) y (N P ) y (200 / 3) (N P ) y 5 ( NS ) y 9
(VS ) y (NS ) y 120 (NS ) y 9 (NP )y 5
1
51) (C)
8
The transformer (X):
VP N K VP N
VL 2VP
VL N L VL 2 N
The transformer (Y):
VL VM 2VP
VM N M 2VP 3N VP 1
VS NP VS 12 N VS 8
52) (C)
Both transformers ideal:
PR 1
PR PSource
PSource 1
Transformer (X):
(VP ) x ( N P ) x 1
(VP ) y (VS ) x 3(VP ) X (1)
(VS ) x ( N S ) x 3
Transformer (Y):
(VP ) Y ( N P ) Y 1 3(VP ) X 1 (VP ) X 1 (VS ) Y 9
From (1)
(VS ) Y ( N S ) Y 3 (VS ) Y 3 (VS ) Y 9 (VP ) X 1
777
53) (B) 30 Watt
V20 VS1 VP 2 V20 110 100 V20 10 V
V20 I 20 R 10 I20 20 I 20 I P 2 0.5A
VP 2 IS2 1 100 IS2
IS2 1A
VS2 IP 2 50 0.5
PR 2 I2R 2R 2 PR1 1 30 PR 2 30 Watt
2
54) (B)
VP N 1 120 2000
P NS1 = 25 turns
VS1 N S1 1.5 N S1
VP N 1 120 2000
P NS2 = 100 turns
VS2 N S2 6 N S2
55) (C) 10×10-3A
PS1 PS2 VS1 I S1 VS2 I S2
PP VP I P
(1.5 0.2) (6 0.15)
1 IP = 0.01A= 10×10-3A
120 I P
VP I S1 1 120 0.2
OR IP1 = 2.5 103 A
VS1 I P1 1.5 I P1
VP I S2 1 120 0.15
IP2 = 7.5 103 A
VS2 I P2 6 IP 2
IP = IP1 + IP2 IP = (2.5 103 ) (7.5 103 ) IP = 0.01A= 10×10-3A
777
56) (B)
VP Np 0.75 200 1100
NS1 = 88 turns
VS1 N S1 12 N S1
PS1 PS2 PS1 VS2 IS2
PP VP I P
4.8 (24 0.05)
0.75 IP = 0.04A
200 I P
PS1 4.8
OR PS1 VS1I S1 I S1 I S1 0.4A
VS1 12
VP I S1 0.75 200 0.4
IP1 = 32×10-3A
VS1 I P1 12 I P1
VP I S2 0.75 200 0.05
IP2 = 8×10-3A
VS2 I P2 24 IP2
IP = IP1 + IP2 IP = 32×10-3 + 8×10-3 IP = 0.04A
57) (C)
PS = VS IS 450 = 110 IS IS = 4.09A
emf max BA N emfmax BA2f N
22
emfmax = 0.1 (10 20 10-4) 2 50 700 emfmax = 440 Volt
7
emfeff = 0.707 emfmax emfeff = 0.707 × 440 VP = emfeff = 311.08 Volt
VP N P 0.9 311.08 4000
NS = 1572 turns
VS NS 110 NS
58) (B) 707 turns
emf max BA N emfmax BA2f N
22 1
emf max 0.14 (20 10 10 4 ) 2 50 N P emf max 0.44N P
7 2
emfeff 0.707 emfmax emf eff 0.707 0.44N P VP emf eff 0.31108N P
VP N P 1 0.31108 N P N P
NS = 707 turns
VS NS 220 NS
777
59) (A)
PW (S)
PW ( P )
The ideal transformer:
PW (S) PW (S) 1
1 PW (S) PW ( P )
PW ( P ) PW ( P ) 1
60) (C)
The non-ideal transformer:
PW (S) PW (S)
1 1 (The efficiency less than 100%) θ
PW ( P ) PW ( P )
PW (S)
Slope Slope tan Slope Slope
PW ( P )
61) (B)
PW (S) 3
100 100 80%
PW ( P ) 3.75
Step down (NP > NS)
N P IS 20 2 20
IP 0.1A
NS I P 1 IP 1
62) (B)
VP N P I S
VS N S I P
1
N S I
I I
63) (C)
NP 2
Step-up transformer (Ns > Np)
NS 3
VP N P 1 VP 2
VP 200V
VS NS 300 3
As the transformer is ideal, so the efficiency is 100%, the primary power = the secondary power.
PW (S) 1
PW (S) PW ( P )
PW ( P ) 1
777
64) (B)
Step-down transformer (Ns < Np)
N P IS 4 20
I P 5A
NS IP 1 IP
VP N P 1 VP 4
VP 240V
VS NS 60 1
65) (C)
VP 7
Step down transformer (Vs < Vp)
VS 4
VP I S 0.9 7 I S
IS 15 .75 A
VS IP 4 10
VP N P 0.9 7 400
NS 253.96 254 turns
VS NS 4 NS
66) (D) 6A, 105.6V
NP 5
Step down transformer (Ns < Np)
NS 3
N P IS 5 10
I P 6A
NS IP 3 IP
VP N P 0.8 220 5
VS 105 .6V
VS NS VS 3
67) (C)
As the number of turns of the secondary coil is greater than that of the primary coil, so the transformer is
step-up transformer.
PS PS 240
100 100 100 75%
PP VP I P 100 3.2
68) (A) 54KW
PS PS
100 90 100 PS 54KW
PP 60
776
20
69) (D)
33
PS VS I S 60 VS 0.5 VS 120V
VP N P 0.9 220 N P N P 33 N S 20
VS NS 120 NS N S 20 N P 33
70) (A) 210.53V
1 N P 100
NS NP
100 NS 1
PS VS IS 1 VS 0.5 VS 2V
VP N P 0.95 VP 100
VP 210.53V
VS NS 2 1
71) (D) 5 Watt
VS2 IS2R S2 30 IS2 30 IS 2 1A
VP 2 I S2 1100 1
IP2 = 0.5A
VS2 IP2 50 IP2
VR1 VS1 VP 2 VR1 110 100 VR1 10 V
PR1 VR1I R1 PR1 10 0.5 PR1 5 Watt
OR PP 2 VP 2IP 2 PP 2 100 0.5 PP 2 5 0 Watt
PS1 VS1IS1 PS1 110 0.5 PS1 5 5 Watt
PR1 PS1 PP 2 PR1 55 50 PR1 5 Watt
775
72) (D) Figure (4).
Y (PW ) S
slope slope tan
X (PW ) P
slope tan 45 1 So, 100% (max efficiency)
73) (C)
When increasing resistance (R1):
The value of the secondary current decreases, because by
increasing the resistance (R1), the voltage across it increases,
VAC (Const .) VR1 VP
So VS , then the value of the secondary current decreases.
When increasing resistance (R2):
The value of the secondary current decreases, because the value of (VS) is constant and according to the
V
relation: IS S , so by increasing resistance (R2), the value of the current in the circuit of the
R2
secondary coil decreases.
74) (A)
For highest emf can be obtained (step-up NS > NP)
VP N P 1 200 2
VS = 500V
VS NS VS 5
For lowest emf can be obtained (step-down NP > NS)
VP N P 1 200 5
VS = 80V
VS NS VS 2
75) (A)
22
L wire N S 2rC 22 NS (2 3.5 10 2 ) NS 100 turns
7
VP N P 1 1600 2000
VS 80 V
VS NS VS 100
VS IS R S 80 IS 20 I S 4A
(IS )eff 0.707(IS )max 4 0.707(IS )max (IS )max 5.658A
776
8
76) (C)
9
(VP ) x ( N P ) x (VS ) x (VP ) x
(VS ) x ( NS ) x ( NS ) x ( NP )x
(VS ) x 0.8 V V
(1)
(NS ) x 100 125
(VP ) y (NP )y (VS ) y (VP ) y
(VS ) y ( NS ) y ( NS ) y (NP )y
(VS ) y 0.9 V 9V
(2)
(NS ) y 100 1000
Dividing (1) and (2)
(VS ) x (VS ) y V 1000 (VS ) x (VS ) y 8
/ /
( NS ) x ( NS ) y 125 9V ( NS ) x ( NS ) y 9
77) (D)
PP VP IP PP 240 1 PP 240W
A non-ideal transformer means PP Ps Ps PP 240 W
V2
P (V is constant in the two secondary coils due to the
R
equality of their number of turns)
1
P R 2 2R1 P1 2P2
R
78) (A)
VP NP 100 N
(VS )1 200 V
(VS )1 ( NS )1 (VS )1 2 N
VP NP 100 N
(VS )2 400V
(VS ) 2 ( NS ) 2 (VS ) 2 4 N
2
V2 PS1 (VS )1 R 2 PS1 2002 R
PW
R PS2 (VS ) 2 2 R1 PS2 4002 2R
PS1 1
PS2 8PS1
PS2 8
PP 9PS1 9
PP PS1 PS2 PP PS1 8PS1 9PS1
PS1 PS1 1
776
79) (D) 400 Watt
VP VS
V1 V2
NP NS
V2 VS N P VP N P
V1 N S VP VS NS
VS N P V2
, so
N S VP V1
From the graph:
V2 2.7
0.9
V1 3
PS 360
0.9 PP 400Watt
PP PP
776
Electric Power Transmission
1) (D)
PSt = VSt ISt
300 103 = 1200 ISt ISt = Iwire = 250A
Vwire I wireR wire
Vwire = 250 0.8 Vwire = 200V
Pwire Vwire I wire Pwire 250 200 Pwire 50000 W
OR Pwire I 2wireR wire Pwire (250 ) 2 0.8 Pwire 50000 W
2
Vwire (200) 2
OR Pwire Pwire Pwire 50000W
R wire 0.8
Pfactory Pstation Pwire Pfactory 300000 50000 Pfactory 250000 W
Pfactory 250000
100 100 83.33%
Pstation 300000
2) (A)
PSt VSt I \St 4 10 5 2000 ISt ISt Iwire 200A
Vwire I wireR wire Vwire 200 0.5 Vwire 100V
Pwire VwireI wire Pwire 100 200 Pwire 20000W
OR Pwire I 2wireR wire Pwire (200 ) 2 0.5 Pwire 20000W
2
Vwire (100) 2
OR Pwire Pwire Pwire 20000W
R wire 0.5
Pfactory Pstation Pwire Pfactory (4 10 5 ) (20000 ) Pfactory 380000 W
Pfactory 380000
100 100 95%
Pstation 400000
777
3) (A) 2×107W
R wires R1Km DistanceKm Number of wires
R Wires 0.25 1000 2 R Wires 500
PSt VSt ISt 105 103 = 5×105 ISt Iwire = ISt = 200A
PWire I 2wire R wires PWire (200 ) 2 500 PWire 2 10 7 W
4) (D) 37500W
R wires R1Km DistanceKm Number of wires
R wires 3 10 2 10 2 R wires 0.6
PSt VSt ISt 1 10 6 4000 ISt I wire I St 250A
Vwire I wireR wire Vwire 250 0.6 Vwire 150V
Pwire Vwire I wire Pwire 150 250 Pwire 37500W
OR PWire I 2wire R wires PWire (250 ) 2 0.6 PWire 37500W
2
Vwire (150) 2
OR Pwire Pwire Pwire 37500W
R wire 0.6
5) (D)
R wires R1Km DistanceKm Number of wires
R Wires 5 10 2 7 2 R Wires 0.7
PSt VSt ISt 2 106 = 2000 ISt Iwire = ISt = 1000A
Vwire I wireR wire Vwire 1000 0.7 Vwire 700V
Pwire Vwire I wire Pwire 700 1000 PWire 7 10 5 W
OR PWire I 2wire R wires PWire (1000 ) 2 0.7 PWire 7 10 5 W
2
Vwire (700) 2
OR Pwire Pwire PWire 7 10 5 W
R wire 0.7
Pfactory Pstation Pwire Pfactory (2 10 6 ) (7 10 5 ) Pfactory 13 10 5 W
Pfactory 13 10 5
100 100 65%
Pstation 2 10 6
777
6) (C)
PSt VSt ISt
55 10 3 22000 ISt
I station I factory I wire 2.5A
Vdrop I wire R wire Vdrop 2.5 3 Vdrop 7.5 Volt
(one transmission line)
Vrecieved Vstation Vdrop Vrecieved 22000 (2 7.5) Vrecieved 21985 Volt
(two transmission lines)
7) (C)
PSt VSt ISt 400 10 3 2000 I St ISt Iwire 200A
Vdrop (IR ) wire Vdrop 200 0.5 Vdrop 100 V
Pwire VwireI wire (Vwire = Vdrop) Pwire 100 200 Pwire 20000W
OR Pwire I 2wireR wire Pwire (200 ) 2 0.5 Pwire 20000W
2
Vwire (100) 2
OR Pwire Pwire Pwire 20000W
R wire 0.5
If a step up transformer placed at the station:
V1 I 2 2000 I
2 I 2 20A
V2 I1 10 2000 200
Vwire (IR) wire Vwire 20 0.5 Vwire 10V
Pwire Vwire I wire Pwire 10 20 Pwire 200W
OR Pwire I 2wireR wire Pwire (20 ) 2 0.5 Pwire 200W
2
Vwire (10) 2
OR Pwire Pwire Pwire 200W
R wire 0.5
Ploss (Pwire ) before (Pwire ) after Ploss 20000 200 Ploss 19800W
777
1
8) (B)
100
1 1
In presence of transformer: VS 10VP IS IP IS I St I wire I S
10 10
In absence of transformer: I wire I St
PWire I 2wireR wire PWire I 2wire
2
1
I
PPresesnce 10 st 1
PPresesnce Pabsence
Pabsence (Ist ) 2 100
9) (A)
VWires IR VWires 2 7500 VWires 15 10 3 V
VS Vwire Vfactory VS 15 10 3 132 10 3 VS 147 10 3 V
Vstation VP 25 10 3 V
VP I S 1 25 10 3 2
I P 11.76A
VS IP 147 10 3 IP
10) (D) 97.8%
I S( X ) I house 40 A VS( X ) Vhouse 220 A
PS( X ) Phouse VS( x ) I S( X ) PS( X ) Phouse 220 40
PS( X ) Phouse 8800 Watt
(X) is an ideal transformer so: PS( X ) PP ( X ) 8800 Watt
The ideal (step-down) transformer (X):
VP ( X ) N P(X) I S( X ) VP ( X ) 20 40
VP ( X ) 4400 V I P ( X ) 2A
VS( X ) N S( X ) I P(X) 220 1 I P(X)
I P ( X ) I Wire IS( Y ) 2A
PS( Y ) PWire PP ( X ) PS( Y ) (2 2 50 ) 8800 PS( Y ) 9000 Watt
(Y) is an ideal transformer so: PS( Y ) PP ( Y ) 9000 Watt PP ( Y ) PStation 9000 Watt
PHouse 8800
100 100 97.8%
PStation 9000
777
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