Problem 1
Put a check mark in the appropriate column for each of the following statements.
Examine the three governing equations, (2.3), (4.13) and (4.18) for two-dimensional,
constant properties, laminar boundary layer flow.
(2.3)
(4.13)
(4.18)
[a] How many dependent variables do these equations have?
[b] How is the pressure p∞ determined?
[c] If streamlines are parallel in the boundary layer, what terms will vanish?
[d] Can (2.3) and (4.13) be solved for the velocity field u and v independently of the
energy equation (4.18)?
Problem 2
A semi-infinite plate is heated with uniform flux q” along its length. The free stream
temperature is T∞ and free stream velocity is V∞. Since the heat transfer coefficient varies
with distance along the plate, Newton’s law of cooling requires that surface temperature
must also vary to maintain uniform heat flux. Consider the case of laminar boundary layer
flow over a plate whose surface temperature varies according to
Working with the solution to this case, show that n = ½ corresponds to a plate with uniform
surface flux.
Problem 3
For fluids with Pr << 1 the thermal boundary layer thickness is much larger than the
viscous boundary layer. That is δt/δ >> 1. It is reasonable for such cases to assume that
fluid velocity within the thermal layer is uniform equal to the free stream velocity. That is
u ≈ V∞.
Consider laminar boundary layer flow over a flat plate. The surface is maintained at
uniform temperature Ts and has an insulated leading section of length x0 Assume a third-
degree polynomial temperature profile. Show that the local Nusselt number is given by
where the local Reynolds number is
Problem 4
Consider steady two-dimensional laminar flow in the inlet region of two parallel plates.
The plates are separated by a distance H. The lower plate is maintained at uniform
temperature To while heat is removed from the upper plate at uniform flux q”o. The inlet
temperature is Ti Determine the distance from the inlet where the lower and upper thermal
boundary layers meet. Use a linear temperature profile and assume that velocity is uniform
equal to Vi. Express your result in terms of dimensionless quantities.
Problem 5
Far away from the entrance of a channel the velocity and temperature become fully
developed. It can be shown that under such conditions the Nusselt number becomes
constant. Consider air flowing with a mean velocity of 2 m/s through a long tube of
diameter 1.0 cm. The mean temperature at a section in the fully developed region is 35oC.
The surface of the tube is maintained at a uniform temperature of 130 oC. What is the length
of the tube section needed for the mean temperature to reach 105oC? The Nusselt number
for this case is given by NuD = 3.657.
Problem 6
Fluid flows with a mean axial velocity ū in a tube of diameter D. The mean inlet
temperature is Tmi. The surface is maintained at uniform temperature Ts. Show that the
average Nusselt number for a tube of length L is given by:
Where:
is the average heat transfer coefficient over the length L.