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Dynamics of Oscillatory Systems Analysis

The document outlines a tutorial for the PH1101 course, covering topics such as the dynamics of Atomic Force Microscopes, atomic clocks, coupled pendula, damped oscillating systems, and coupled oscillators in fluids. It includes specific problems related to effective stiffness, energy calculations, resonance, and damping effects. The tutorial emphasizes the mathematical modeling and physical principles underlying these systems.

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Umang Tiwary
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4 views2 pages

Dynamics of Oscillatory Systems Analysis

The document outlines a tutorial for the PH1101 course, covering topics such as the dynamics of Atomic Force Microscopes, atomic clocks, coupled pendula, damped oscillating systems, and coupled oscillators in fluids. It includes specific problems related to effective stiffness, energy calculations, resonance, and damping effects. The tutorial emphasizes the mathematical modeling and physical principles underlying these systems.

Uploaded by

Umang Tiwary
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Course: PH1101 (Autumn Semester 2025)

Tutorial-8
Dr. Alpana Nayak
1. In dynamic mode Atomic Force Microscope, the cantilever behaves like a forced damped
oscillator with resonance frequency 𝑓𝑜 . When the tip interacts with the surface, the
𝑓𝑜
effective stiffness changes by 𝑘𝑡𝑠 , shifting the resonance by Δ𝑓 ≈ − 𝑘𝑡𝑠 . A cantilever
2𝑘
−1
has 𝑓𝑜 = 300 𝑘𝐻𝑧, 𝑘 = 40 𝑁𝑚 , 𝑄 = 200, 𝐴 = 10 𝑛𝑚, Δ𝑓 = −5 𝐻𝑧.
a. Find the effective stiffness 𝑘𝑡𝑠 and estimate the interaction force if it acts over 1
nm.
1 2𝜋𝐸
b. Calculate the oscillation energy 𝐸 = 2 𝑘𝐴2 , and energy loss per cycle Δ𝐸 = .
𝑄
c. Comment briefly on sensitivity of this system that makes it a powerful tool for
nanoscale force measurement.

2. An atom clock operates by driving microwave transitions between two hyperfine energy
levels of Cesium-133 atoms. The atomic system can be viewed as a damped harmonic
oscillator that is forced by an external microwave field. The frequency of this microwave
field is carefully tuned to match the atom’s natural transition frequency.
a. Explain why the amplitude (or the transition ) of the atomic oscillations is
maximum at resonance and how this property is used to stabilize the clock
frequency.
b. Find the FWHM of the resonance curve in Hz for 𝑓𝑜 = 9.192631770 𝐺𝐻𝑧, 𝑄 =
107 .

3. Consider two pendula, which are coupled together with a spring, spring constant k, as
shown in figure-1. Assume that the displacement from the equilibrium positions are small
enough that small angle approximation could be used and motion is approximately only in
the x-direction. Find the normal modes and normal co-ordinates for this system.

Figure-1

4. A damped oscillating system has an effective mass m, a natural frequency 𝜔0 and has a
𝑚𝜔0
damping co-efficient proportional to the velocity of magnitude . If there is a driving
√2
𝜔0 𝑡
force 𝐹 cos ( ), show that the energy supplied to the system by driving force during the
√2
𝜋 𝐹2 (𝜋−2)
first quarter period of the force, i.e., during the interval 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = , is .
√2𝜔0 4𝑚𝜔02

5. Consider two masses connected via springs, which have spring constants k, as shown in
figure-2. Assume this coupled oscillator is immersed in a fluid so that both masses feel a
damping force, 𝐹 = −𝑏𝑣. Find solution in terms of 𝑥1 (𝑡) and 𝑥2 (𝑡).

Figure-2

6. A mass less spring of spring constant 10 N/m is suspended from rigid support and carries
a mass of 0.1 kg at its lower end. The system is subjected to resistive force – 𝛽𝑣, where 
is a constant and 𝑣 is the velocity. It is observed that the system performs damped
oscillatory motion and its energy decays to 1/e of its initial value in 50 sec. (a) Find the Q
value of the oscillator. (b) Show that the fractional change in the frequency of the damped
1
oscillator is ≈ 8𝑄2. What is the percentage change in frequency due to damping?

**********************************************************************

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