STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Every research originates from a problem that must be solved, which is

achieves through the development of research. We must not forget that the choice
of a topic to investigate may be established as the event that prevails in a
research, as it depends on this stage for the development of the investigation to continue
a predetermined course, to reach the goal.
During writing, it is advisable that the judgments made are supported by data or
figures from previous studies, as it consists of describing in a broad manner
the situation under study, placing it in a context that allows understanding its
origin and relationships.

1. IDENTIFICATION AND DELIMITATION OF THE PROBLEM

An investigation is being conducted because there is something that is not known. This problem must

to be posed unambiguously, concisely and precisely, preferably in a single

interrogative sentence, which can be answered affirmatively or negatively. If the
the question cannot be answered like this, we could doubt whether the research should
to be carried out or not.
La investigación en general, parte algunas veces de problemas que se identifican durante
the review of existing information, that is, relationships between variables that
they are unaware of or missing concepts in other research; at other times part of the
observation of the reality that surrounds him and its problems are determined by
any of these or other parameters.
2. SELECTION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH TOPIC
When a person is faced with the task of conducting research, especially of
a project, its main concern is to define the theme, this decision depends on the
Conclusion will come soon in the research, but how is this decision made, which is
influenced by intrinsic aspects
To have a clear idea, a series of guiding questions must be formulated.
For the formulation of a problem, among them we can mention;
The topic is of interest.
Is there information about that phenomenon or similar ones?
Who centralizes that information?
What results did they obtain previously?
It is an unpublished work.

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When the researcher responds to the posed questions, they begin the selection of
theme of the direct observation of the reality in which it is found, at the same time
the researcher must acquire as much knowledge about the topic as
wants to investigate, that is, must become an expert in that subject or must be
advised by a professional who has that background of knowledge, on the other hand
the sources of information that should be used are both direct and indirect, between
these can and should be primary, secondary, and in very few occasions tertiary, the
What we need is to collect data to have a context that clarifies our
restlessness, at the same time one must carry out this tedious work to understand the
direct and implicit purposes of the researcher.
3. CONCEPTION OF THE PROBLEM
The starting point for research is to choose the topic or problem, it is to establish
through an observation what is the doubt or lack of knowledge that exists in the
currently researchers have to generate their creative ideas in the simple
observation of the reality in which one lives, in the critical and logical review of work
similar or different from what you wish to carry out, this specialized bibliography will allow you to
follow guidelines, follow gaps in knowledge or even transform it or give rise to it.
Since the inconsistencies or successes of these investigations can be guides.
motivators of research, and can even allow new ideas to arise in another
context, framework, and reality.
4. SELECTION OF THE PROBLEM
To select a problem, it must meet certain parameters, the first:
In a career, one must choose the problems according to the professional specialty that
Does the researcher have or based on the skill they want to have in the future (level of
correspondence) e.g. Public accounting
Choice of area, that is, in which group of prior or new knowledge I will begin.
my research, e.g. Economic and financial Sciences
Choice of the subject, that is, which will be the subject that will allow to circumscribe the
research, e.g. Microeconomics
Selection of the topic, once the researcher knows the subject or the matter,
will divide this into as many topics as possible, contents of which must
choose one or two, according to your personal or group inclination, and your interests whatever they may be.

this one, on the other hand, allows us to work with specialized information about a
determined topic, for example, Microeconomics in Bolivia

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 Selection of the specific topics, once the general topic has been identified is
it is necessary to distinguish between those that are possible to carry out and those that are impossible, thus reducing even

more the field of action of the future researcher, in fact it is the problem that we
we want to investigate, for example, microenterprises in the city of El Alto

Controversial situation, the specific topic breaks down into controversial situations, which
they are further broken down into smaller ones, all interrelated in the
controversial structure (problem or phenomenon), hence it allows us to formulate the first
attempt at a scientific question, for example. What will the economic income be in the
microenterprises in the city of El Alto, district of Los Andes in the year 2012?
5. DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM
Once the topic or problem to investigate is chosen, it is necessary to know its components.
that is, the amplitude and content of it to identify the characteristics or values
of the phenomenon, that is, we must know how to delimit the scope, errors, functions,
feasibility, utilities, the links with other issues (annexes) etc.
6. CLASSIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
Next we propose some clues to classify the problems. But, first
Let's define the terms we are going to use.
When we say 'it does not meet our expectations' we are referring to the fact that it does not
what we expect happens, that is, what usually happens.
This means that to detect a problem we must first know the situation.
the fact or the process. Only then will we be able to elaborate some kind of explanation of
what we are observing.
La atención que prestemos al desarrollo de la actividad cotidiana nos permitirá apreciar
the countless problems that arise from meeting demand and what,
Whatever their origins, they disturb the task, making it more difficult and little...
satisfactory. Many of those problems are difficult to modify because they depend on:
Structural causes, that is, of the socio-economic system adopted by the country,
Of administrative order or the organization of services,
Regarding the behavior of the population concerning some practices that are not always
They promote the maintenance of good health.
7. ASSESSMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
It refers to the fact that our problem to study must present specific aspects of the
situation to investigate, the knowledge to seek must not be

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Broad or diffuse in such a way that it is difficult for us to identify the problem to unravel.
allows us to determine the extent of the problem, verify a
Series of aspects such as feasibility, temporality, spatiality, originality,
relevance, interest, among others.
Useful, to solve, as much as possible, the health issues of the area in which we are.
providing service, will it be of any use or will we change the reality of some environment by doing
the research, we will substantially or superficially modify our reality, will be
determinant for the knowledge of what we want to investigate,
Feasible, that is, approachable from the level of service we are working at.
and with the available resources, that is, we have the human and financial resources,
social, cultural, educational, technical, time, skill, etc., to initiate and conclude
this project, at the same time the researcher's capacity is suitable for this
tipo de trabajo (grado de conocimiento), o existirá posibilidades de conocimiento por la
variety of sources of information that we have
Práctica,cuyos resultados sean de aplicación inmediata, en el campo objeto de
study transforming the existing reality and even creating a reality
alternates of better conditions.
Originality refers to whether the problem has not been investigated previously, or not.
the study has already been conducted, focusing on another new aspect within the same category of

ORIGINAL, this can be done by conducting the same study but changing the
approach, variable values, measurement scales or other methodological aspects.
Relevance, do not forget that the practical or theoretical usefulness must be considered.
enclose the research and what will be the use given to this knowledge, its
practicality among other aspects specific to the researcher.
7. DELIMITATIONS:
The delimitation is carried out in 5 steps, namely:
1st Step. The delimitation of the object in the physical-geographical space. Example a park
national.
Step 2. The delimitation in time. In this case, a year can be taken as a basis.
Or a limited period of time, during the year 2002, in the five-year period 1998-02.
Step 3: Semantic delimitation. Specifying the meaning of its main elements.
concepts, through the analysis of meaning, through the use of encyclopedias and
specialized dictionaries. For example, in topic 1 it will be necessary to define 'tourism' and

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environmental conservation.” In topic 2. In addition to “Tourism,” with what
concept of disability we work.
In addition to defining these terms, they must be used throughout the work.
in the same way and with the same meaning.
Step 4: The selection of the problem that will be the subject of the research. The formulation
interrogative of the research problem.
Since the particular aspects of the research subject can be multiple
it is necessary to make a selection considering those that interest you the most and that are
feasible to be investigated within the available time and with the resources at hand.
At least there are two ways to make this choice:
a) Formular uno o dos problemas que sean de interés del investigador y factibles de
to be investigated.
b) Formulate a large number of problems and then select from that set,
one or two, which will be investigated.
One tool proposed by Heinz Dieterich is topical sentences. Topos, from
Greek: place. He defines it as "It is a statement about the research topic".
that briefly expresses what the intention of knowledge regarding the object of
research." It helps clarify the interests of knowledge and it is suggested to do it in the
next form:
The purpose of the research is to know / understand...
Step 5: Determination of the available resources. It must be taken into account that the
the most important resource is the available workforce, this resource includes, the
number of available people, the time those people spend on the tasks of
research and the degree of training (knowledge, skills, and discipline for the
work). It is also necessary to assess the transportation costs, the equipment needed for
process the data etc. Depending on the tasks required by the research and the
available resources it is possible to have an idea about its feasibility. Also
It is desirable that knowledge and skills be complementary.
If we evaluate that resources are scarce concerning the necessary tasks, we have
the possibility of continuing to expand the delimitation by reducing the time period
(temporal delimitation), the geographic scope (spatial delimitation) or also reducing
the questions (or the research problem) in case there were several or
amplios. También siendo menos ambicioso con los Objetivos de la investigación. Cuando

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we reduce the questions and the objectives we are reducing the scope of the
investigation.
In all these cases, it is sought that with the reduction of tasks, the research is
feasible, achievable (that is, adjusted to the available resources).
8. SCIENTIFIC QUESTION
One way to frame the problem as a scientific question is the following:
Delimiting the temporal and geographical location of the problem,
Estableciendo el período o momento en que se observa, así como el lugar en que se
produce
Individualizing the groups or individuals who are affected by the problem, as
these will be the source of the necessary data for the study. In this way we can
evaluate whether it is possible to gain access to the observation units or not,
Specifying the context in which it is embedded, the sociopolitical conditions and
economic factors that may weigh on the problem,
Establishing your connections with other areas or the influence they may exert
about the problem to study,
Predicting the possible consequences that would arise if no measures were taken.
to solve the observed problem.

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