Flash Distillation Process Analysis
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsFlash Distillation Process Analysis
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsAutonomous University of Carmen
Academic Dependency of Chemical and Petroleum Sciences
Faculty of Chemistry
Bachelor's Degree in Chemical Engineering
SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESSES
CHAPTER 7
ALUMNO:
ERNESTO SANCHEZ SOBERANE
PROFESSOR:
ALBERTO VÁZQUEZ MARTÍNEZ
FECHA DE ENTREGA: 15/06/2018
BACKGROUND
A flash is a single stage of distillation in which the feed is vaporized.
partially to produce a vapor richer in the more volatile component. In
Figure 7.1 shows a liquid feed that is heated at pressure and is
subject to a flash adiabatic operation by reducing the pressure to
through a valve, separating the vapor from the residual liquid in a chamber
of flash. If the valve is removed, it can vaporize in the heater.
partially a low-pressure liquid and subsequently separate the two phases.
Alternatively, steam can be cooled and condensed
partially, separating the phases in a tank, to allow for a liquid.
what is richer in the less volatile component. In both cases, if the equipment
it is adequately designed, the liquid and the vapor that come out of the chamber
they are in equilibrium. Except that the relative volatility is very large, the degree
of separation of the components that can be achieved in a single stage
it is low. For this reason, both the flash operation and the condensation
partial are generally auxiliary operations for the preparation of
power supplies that will undergo subsequent treatment. However,
The methods used in the calculation of a single stage are of great importance.
Later in this chapter, it will be seen that the stages of a column of
ordinary distillation are simply adiabatic flash chambers and that the
Columns can be designed through an expansion of the methods.
developed for a single stage of flash or partial condensation.
For the case of binary mixtures, the percentage of vaporization or
condensation can be conveniently determined from a
graphic construction. If the equilibrium temperature TV (or TL) and the pressure of
the PV (or PL) equilibrium of a multicomponent mixture is specified by
through an isothermal flash calculation.
A preliminary estimate of whether a multicomponent mixture will produce or not a
mix of two phases in equilibrium when subjected to a flash operation,
at a given temperature and pressure, it can be obtained by inspection of the
K values. If all K values are greater than one, the phase that comes out
It is superheated steam above the dew point (the temperature and
pressure at which the first drop of condensate forms). If all values
For sons less than one, the only phase that comes out is a subcooled liquid.
below the bubble point (for which the first bubble is formed
vapor).
The criteria for bubble point and dew point are highly nonlinear functions.
linear with respect to temperature, but moderately not
linear with respect to pressure, except in the convergence region of the
pressure where the K values of very light or very heavy species can
vary drastically with pressure. Therefore, iterative values are required
to calculate the conditions of the bubble and dew points.
PROBLEM TO SOLVE
Problem 1:
A liquid that contains 60 moles % of toluene and 40 moles % of benzene
enters as continuous feed to a single distillation unit
stage that operates at atmospheric pressure. What percentage of benzene
content in the food comes out with the steam if 90% of the toluene that
Does it enter with the food and exit with the liquid? Suppose there is a volatility.
relative to 2.3 and obtain the solution graphically.
It is defined as the relationship between the concentration of A in the vapor and the
concentration of A in the liquid, divided by the ratio of the
concentration of Ben in the vapor and the concentration of Ben in the liquid
=
Antoine Equation
= −
+
Of which
= ( − )∗
+
PROGRAM S_B_T
IMPLICIT NONE
!VARIABLES DECLARATION
REAL::J,T0,TI,T
REAL(KIND=8)::P1,P2,PSAT1,PSAT2,ALPHA
REAL(KIND=8)::K1,K2,P
REAL(KIND=8), DIMENSION(3)::A,B
REAL(KIND=8), DIMENSION(2)::PC,Z
T0=500
TI=1500
P=100
A=(/5.602657,418.1773,474.214/)
B=(/5.141350,1742.638,452.974/)
PC=(/714.2,587.8/)
Z=(/0.60,0.40/)
****************************************************
IN THIS PART, THE ANTOINE EQUATION WILL BE USED
WRITE(*,*)"****************************************************"
OPEN(UNIT=10, FILE='[Link]', STATUS='REPLACE')
****************************************************
WRITE(10,*)"TEM PSAT1" PSAT2 PSAT2 PSAT3 "
****************************************************
OPEN(UNIT=20, FILE='[Link]', STATUS='REPLACE')
****************************************************
T K1 K2 K3 K4 "
WRITE(20,*)"****************************************************"
FOR J=T0,TI
T=J
P1 = ( A(1) - (A(2) / (T + A(3))) )
P2 = ( B(1) - (A(2) / (T + B(3))) )
PSAT1=PC(1)*EXP(P1)
PSAT2=PC(2)*EXP(P2)
ALPHA=PSAT1/PSAT2
WRITE(10,420)T,PSAT1,PSAT2,ALPHA
420 FORMAT (1X,F8.2,2X,F12.4,2X,F12.4,2X,F12.4)
K1=PSAT1/P
K2=PSAT2/P
IF (ALPHA==4) EXIT
WRITE(20,430)T,K1,K2
430 FORMAT (1X,F8.2,2X,F12.4,2X,F12.4,2X,F12.4)
END DO
STOP 'READY'
END PROGRAM S_B_T
BIBLIOGRAPHY
E. J. Henley, J. D. Seader, "Equilibrium staged separation operations"
in chemical engineering." Reverté, 1988.