Directional rotating system RSS

A rotary directional system (RSS) is a form of drilling technology used in

directional drilling. It employs the use of specialized downhole equipment for
replace conventional directional tools, such as mud motors

They are generally programmed by the measurement while drilling (MWD) engineer during drilling.
or the directional drill that transmits commands using surface equipment
(generalmente usando fluctuaciones de presión en la columna de lodo o variaciones en la
rotation of the drill string) to which the tool responds and is directed
gradually toward the desired direction. In other words, a tool designed
to perform directional drilling with continuous rotation from the surface, eliminating the
Need to 'slide' a mud motor. The first known patent application is from
Christopher G. Cross in 1873 for 'Drills for drilling artesian wells', followed by
1884 by brothers Morris and Clarence Baker for a "Machine for drilling holes".
The methods used to steer the well path are divided into two categories.
wide, which are 'push the drill' or 'aim the drill'. The pushing tools
Drills use pads on the outside of the tool that press against the hole
from the well, which causes the drill to press on the opposite side and cause a change of
direction. The technologies for aiming the drill cause the direction of the drill to change in
relationship with the rest of the tool when bending the main axis that runs through it. These
last ones require some type of non-rotating housing or reference housing to create this
deflection within the axis. The advantages of this technology are many for both
main user groups: geoscientists and drillers. The continuous rotation of the
Drilling string allows for better transportation of the drilled cuttings to the surface,
which results in better hydraulic performance, better weight transfer
for the same reason it allows for drilling a more complex hole and a lower tortuosity of
well due to the use of a more stable model address. Therefore, the geometry of the
the well is less aggressive and the well (well wall) is softer than those drilled with
motor. This last benefit concerns geoscientists, because they can obtain
better measurements of the formation properties, and to the drillers, because the
the well casing or the production string can be run more easily up to the
bottom of the well. Due to the relatively high cost of this technology, advancements have been made
limited advances at the lower end of the directional drilling market. As
As a result, this sector of the market is still largely dominated by technology.
motor-controlled traditional BHA. Several entrepreneurs have tried to develop
tools aimed at this market (rotary adjustable tools BVI, Terravici and
Kinetic Upstream Technologies, for example), however, the impact achieved so far
it has been limited. Directional rotary system.
The design of the steerable rotary system allows for directional activity in wells.
worn out.

It is said that the shortest distance between two points is a straight line. But at the site,
the shortest distance is the bottom line for the client where profitability and time are the
the most important components for the success of a well. The RSS Pathfinder 3D- the
Pathmaker RSS plays a fundamental role in guiding clients to their bottom line of
timely and cost-effective.
Many RSS tools are available on the market and at first glance it seems
It is difficult to understand how a manufacturer achieves differentiation of its products with respect to
the others. Each RSS has specific design advantages based primarily on the
the way each steering mechanism of the system operates. A specific differentiator-
and key aspect - is based on how the design allows the operator to act purposefully in
washed out wells.

Some of these tools rely on contact with the well to produce force
for the address, or the contact to remain fixed while the drill string is
spinning. The RSS Pathfinder has differentiating advantages in this regard. The pads
rotaries can be extended up to 1 in. each, allowing the system to maintain the
contact with the wall in wells up to 13 in. with tools for wells of 12 ¼ in.

This design allows for successful operation in all types of environments, from rocks
extremely soft to very hard, from water-based sludges to sludges with
oil base. To ensure that the RCC constantly provides this level of activity
it has been designed to operate in both point-the-bit configuration (pointing the drill bit)
like push-the-bit (pressing the drill bit)

AIMING THE DRILL

Since its commercial launch in August 2004, the 12 ¼ in. "point-the-bit" RSS has
has been tested in both vertical and almost horizontal applications, drilling more than
290,000 feet of wells in areas like the Gulf of Mexico, U.S. lands, the North Sea
and the Middle East. In Egypt, this system saved a client nearly seven days of equipment.
saving the client nearly half a million dollars.

Officially, the first team to drill in Egypt completed the operation on time.
record. The objectives of directional drilling were to drill out of the 'shoe', to activate the
widening machine, build at 2º/30 m. at 39º of inclination and maintain the tangential section at
casing point, while simultaneously extending the pilot hole from 12 ¼ in. to 17 ¼ in.

While the curve was being drilled, the design of the non-invasive Downlink system allowed for
drill to make small adjustments while continuing the drilling. The tangential section
it was perforated in automatic mode, reducing human-operation interaction
drilling. In addition, excellent quality LWD records were obtained.
In summary, the RSS drilled 1218 m in 126 hours of drilling, reaching all the
Directional objectives. 620 m of tangential section were drilled automatically.

A unique system for Real-Time Vibration Detection and Stick/Slip was used to
long execution to monitor undesirable vibrations at the bottom of the well.

The contact gauge of the Pad (in real time) of the system allowed for monitoring the gauge
from the pilot hole to achieve a consistent dogleg result throughout the section.

STICK/SLIP VIBRATION DETECTOR

The use of stick/slip is becoming increasingly problematic in drilling environments.

long range and horizontal. The Vibration Detector was incorporated into the RSS for
increase the efficiency of drilling in deep wells, and protect the tools from
harmful vibrations.

The vibration sensor is integrated into the RSS to detect three types of vibration: torsional,
lateral, axial. It is located 6.3 feet above the bit in the "push-the-bit" configuration and
9.3 pies en la “point-the-bit” y utiliza los sensores de vibración y rotación existentes en el
RSS to quantify the severity of torsional, axial, and lateral vibrations.

The system transmits the severity of the detected stick-slip to the surface in real time,
allowing the operator to change the parameters if harmful conditions are detected in
the bottom of the well. This real-time data is always available during the
drilling of complex 3D wells.

In 2006, the system was tested and proved its effectiveness in detecting different conditions.
dynamics at the bottom of the well. It was executed in sections built of 8º/100 feet in
Fayette Shale deposits with motor-assisted and non-motor-assisted assemblies, in sections.
built in the San Juan Basin, and in vertical deposits in South Texas and the Gulf of
Mexico. Since its beginnings, it has improved the speed of penetration and has prolonged the
optimal performance of the drill bit, BHA, MWD/LWD and directional rotary tools.

The ability to detect BHA instability due to vibrations and/or conditions of

collapse in the well allows the RSS operator to take timely remedial measures,
before failures occur in the wellbore. The operation of the RSS system has been
progressively improved.

PRESSING THE DRILL

The Pathmaker 'push the bit' is based on the same basic design of the 'point the
bit" with some modifications to improve operation in specific applications. For
example, the full gauge stabilizer, close to the bit of the point the bit, has been
replaced by a HOG (hole-on-gauge) in the "push the bit" system. And a stabilizer.
undergauge has been placed under the flexible collar of the 'push the bit' system. This allows
that the rotary pads are closer to the drill for maximum effect while
push the wick to the sides.

The HOG is used as a trimmer for the first layer of rock, to clean the well.
while being drilled, producing a cleaner cut and a larger well
quality.

In April 2006, a series of controlled directional tests were conducted in the

Catoosa Test Facility, near Tulsa, Okla., with several PCD and pieces of rocks for
determine the possibility to manage and predict and DLS capacity of the system, through
different types of rocks. The 'push the bit' system showed excellent directional control
reaching a maximum of 6º/100 m of construction. The tests were conducted in
the highest sections of sandstone and schist, and then in the hardest section of the
Mississippi Lime formation. No problems were experienced and the torque values and
drag forces were comparable to those of the 'point the bit' system.

The Pathfinder then sought a site that would present a challenge and found it in
Terrebonne Parish, La. in August 2006. This represented a shallow job, to
water base in an area famous for excessive landslides. The well required to start to
5000 feet, build at 2º/100 feet up to 20º of inclination, maintain for 2000 feet and return
a vertical a 1.5º/100. Using only the 12 ¼ in. system, the equipment had
success in drilling a well of a size range from 12 ¼ to 13 in.

Then the system was deployed in a water-based job in High Island, Gulf of
Mexico. The well plan required 2º DLS to turn the well from 351º to 314º azimuth.
a subtle construction with an inclination of 39º to 48º. The system achieved the diversion in a
displacement situation of 34%.