Proof of integral of point is zero.
An integral of point is zero, which is axiom.
In this paper, we prove that the integral of
point is zero by considering a sequence
below.
lim =
→
√
lim Ae dx = A lim =0 (1)
→ →
or
lim Ae dx = A lim e dx =
→ →
!" (x)dx=0 (2)
where !" (x)=1 at x=0 and !" (x)=0 at x≠ 0
Next, we prove
√
lim Ae dx = A lim =0 (3)
→ →
lim / Ae dx
→
Let 1 2 =x 2 +4 2 , consider an integral following
,
A e 9
dr (4)
Let e dx = I, equation(4)> ?@A B
e ( CD )
dxdy = e D
dy e dx
= I2 (F)
e ( CD )
dxdy = 2π H −e 9
r dr (6)
Let z = r 2 , then we have
dz
= 2r
dr
dz = 2r dr
L ML
= 2π / −e r 29 (7)
P
= π / −e L
dz = π O V (8)
⋅RST U W
P
= π O0 − ( )V = (9)
W
π
Then, we have I 2 =
n2
Or
√π
I= n
Thus, we have
√π
lim / Ae dx = A lim =0
→ → n
This completes the proof.
P P P
+ tanh(] ) = approaches the step function as k ∞
2 2 PC^ S _`
Heaviside step function - Wikipedia
New Definition of Heaviside Step Function
1
f( ) =
1+ 2g
!h ( ) =
1
fi ( ) = f ( ) + !h ( ) = jkA l + m
→ 1+ 2
1
n=0 , 1, ∞
2
f(n)pqW = ? → 정의가 되어있지 않다.
f(n)pqW → st4 usjv
A new definition of Heaviside step function
Introduction
A numerical value of Heaviside step function(H(x)) at x=0
can be given as any positive nonbinary integer value.
However, we show and assume that any positive
nonbinary integer of Heaviside step function at x=0 can be
expressed by limit of sequences. In this paper, we define a
new Heaviside step function that has a positive nonbinary
number at x=0 and review a recursive Heaviside step
function introduced by Shin et al(2016) the first time.
Introduction of a Kronecker-like delta function
Let’s start with a sequence described as below
!{ ( ) = lim (1)
→
Hereafter, we call an equation (1) as a Kronecker
Delta-like function. One of many Heaviside sequences
is expressed as
P
f ( ) = lim (2)
→ PC^ S |`
P
A value of equation (2) at x=0 can be ,1, or
2
∞ or undefined(Kreyszig, 2012, Zauderer, 1998).
If we combine equation (1) with equation (2), we can
introduce a new Heaviside step function as f ( ) =
P
lim + A lim (3)
→ PC^ S |` →
where A is an arbitrary positive nonbinary integer.
Then, the value of new Heaviside step function
can be assumed as any nonbinary number except 0.
A reason of why 0 cannot be defined as the value of the
Heaviside step function(H(x)) at x=0, will be discussed in
following section.
A new recursive Heaviside step function
A recursive Heaviside step function was introduced
By Shin et al (2016) , in order to describe mental state
of human. However, their dilemma was that the mental
state of human can be given as binary numbers(0 or 1) only.
We can express one is alive(conscious) as 1 whereas we can
express one is dead (inconsciousness) as 0
If the value of the Heaviside step function at x=0 is the
positive non binary integer except 0 and 1, the nonbinary
positive number represent a registered memory at a given
time when human sensors something through five organs.
For example, let’s consider recursive Heaviside step
function expressed as below
u(t) = H(t − 1 + H(t − 2 + H(t − 3 + H (t − 4 + H(t −
5)))))
(4)-a
or
u(t) = H(−t + 1 + H(−t + 2 + H(−t + 3 + H (−t + 4) +
H(−t + 5)))))
(4)-b
The difference between the recursive Heaviside step
function suggested by Shin et al(2016) and equation (4)
lies in a fact that + in equation (4) is replaced by
multiplication.
If we assume that the value of the Heaviside step function
at t=0 is defined as 1, we can plot equation (4) as function
of time, as shown in Figure (1-a), Figure(1-b), Figure(1-c),
Figure(1-d), and Figure(1-e) as time flows. Note that time
flows from right to left.
If the value of Heaviside step function is given as the
arbitrary positive integer, we can display as in Figure (2-a),
Figure(2-b),Figure(2-c),Figure(2-d),Figure(2-d)and
Figure(2-e).
It means that we can register an event experienced by
human and store the event as a function of the recursive
Heaviside step function as shown in Figure (2). However, as
shown in Figures (1), if we define the value of the Heaviside
step function as 1 or 0.5 or infinity, we register same
memory all the time. By adding delta-like sequence of
equation (1) to the Heaviside step function (positive
nonbinary integer at the Heaviside step function at t=0
), we assume that a memory of the brain can be expressed
by the recursive Heaviside step function.
However, we cannot make such storage device under
modern technology.
Multidimensional advection equation and the recursive
Heaviside step function
Shin et al(2016) introduced a multidimensional advection
equation expressed as
‚ƒ ‚ƒ ‚ƒ ‚ƒ ‚ƒ ‚ƒ
‚„
= ‚… + ‚… + ‚… + ‚… + ⋯ ‚… (5)-a
† ‡ ˆ |
‚ƒ ‚ƒ ‚ƒ ‚ƒ ‚ƒ ‚ƒ
‚„
= − ‚… − ‚… − ‚… − ‚… − ⋯ ‚… (5)-b
† ‡ ˆ |
where t is time, ŠP is current time, Š‹ ,i=2,…,n is event
registered past time.
By inspection, one of solutions
of equation(5) can be given as
U=H(t- ŠP + f(n − Š2 +H(t - ŠŽ + f(n − Š• + f(n − ŠF ---
(6)-a
U=H(-t+ ŠP + f(−n + Š2 +H(-t + ŠŽ + f(−n + Š• ) +
f(−n + ŠF --- (6)-b
conclusion
By adding the delta-like sequence to the Heaviside
sequence, we redefined the Heaviside step function, which
allows to express memory of the human brain. Furthermore,
it does not destroy a Heaviside distribution.
The shape of the recursive Heaviside step functions of each
different person are equivalent to each other, therefore
hiding each other’s registered different memory in the
same shape of the recursive Heaviside step functions.