ASTU

CSE 1062 Fundamentals of Programming

Lecture #6

Spring 2016

Computer Science & Engineering Program

The School of EE & Computing
Adama Science & Technology University
 ASTU

• I/O statements and functions Practice

– Case Study: Taxi Fare Change
– Formatting Number for Program Output
– Casting Operator
– Case Study: Buying Pizza
– General Problems(Maths and Physics)
– Assignment I: Rubber Ball

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Case Study: Taxi Fare Change ASTU

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Case Study: Taxi Changes ASTU

• In Addis, to travel from Bole to Kazanchi

s the tariff is 2 birr and 70 cents. Suppos
e that the taxi assistant(conductor) don’t
have any birr notes but only cents to ret
urn. So he wants the change to contain
as many 50 cents as possible then 25 ce
nts, 10 cents and 5 cents, in that order.
We want our program to calculate the c
hange, given the amount paid.

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Step 1: Analyze the Problem ASTU

• Input: Amount Paid

• Output: Equivalent Change in 50 cents,
25 cents, 10 cents, and 5 cents.

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Step 2: Develop a Solution ASTU

• Suppose amount paid is 10 birr, therefor

e the change is 7 birr & 30 cents
●
Change=7.30, So cents=730
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No of 50 cents=730/50=14
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Remaining Change=730 % 50=30
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No of 25 cents=30/25=1
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Remaining Change=30 % 25=5
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No of 10 cents=5/10=0
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Remaining Change=5 % 10=5
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No of 5 cents=5/5=1

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Step 2: Develop a Solution(Detailed Algorithm) ASTU

– Prompt the user for input.

– Get input.
– Display the entered amount on the screen. (Echo)
– Calculate the Change in cents
– Print the Change in cents
– Compute and print the number of 50 cents.
– Calculate the remaining change.
– Compute and print the number of 25 cents.
– Calculate the remaining change.
– Compute and print the number of 10 cents.
– Calculate the remaining change.
– Print the remaining change(i.e. number of 5 cents)
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Step 3: Coding ASTU

• To calculate the equivalent change, the p

rogram performs calculations using the v
alues of a fifty-cent, which is 50; at
wenty-five-cent, which is 25; a ten-cent,
which is 10 .
– Because these data are special and the prog
ram uses these values more than once, it m
akes sense to declare them as named const
ants.
– Using named constants also simplifies later
modification of the program
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Step 3: Coding ASTU

1. Write a C++ program to solve the probl

em
●
Use the following constants in your program

●
Use variables where necessary
2. Modify the program to work for pay
ments made for two or more people
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Formatting Numbers for Program Output ASTU

• The field width manipulator must be incl

uded for each value in the data stream s
ent to cout
• Other manipulators remain in effect until
they are changed
• iomanip header file must be included to
use manipulators requiring arguments

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Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• Test the format manipulators using a C+

+ program
Manipulators Numb Displa Comments
er y
setw(2) 3 | 3| Number fits in the field.

setw(2) 43 |43| Number fits in the field.

setw(2) 143 |143| Field width is ignored.

setw(2) 2.3 |2.3| Field width is ignored.

setw(5) 2.366 | 2.37| Field width of five with two decimal

fixed digits.
setprecision(
2)

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 Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• Test the format manipulators using a C++ program

cout << "|" << setw(10) << fixed
<< setprecision(3) << 25.67 << "|";
Manipulators Number Display Comments
setw(5) 42.3 |42.30| Number fits in the field with the specified precision.
fixed Note that the decimal point takes up one location in
setprecision(2 the field width.
)
setw(5) 142.364 |1.4e+002 Field width is ignored, and scientific notation is used
setprecision(2 | with the setprecision manipulator.
)
setw(5) 142.364 |142.36| Field width is ignored, but precision specification is
fixed used.
setprecision(2 The setprecision manipulator specifies the number of
) fractional digits.
setw(5) 142.366 |142.37| Field width is ignored, but precision specification used.
fixed The setprecision manipulator specifies the number of
setprecision(2 fractional digits. (Note the rounding of the last decimal
) digit.)
setw(5) 142 | 142| Field width is used; fixed and setprecision
fixed manipulators are irrelevant because the number is an
setprecision(2 integer that specifies the total number of significant
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) digits (integer plus
Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• setiosflags manipulator: Allows additional for

matting:
– Right or left justification
– Fixed display with 6 decimal places
– Scientific notation with exponential display
– Display of a leading + sign
• Parameterized manipulator: One which requires ar
guments, or parameters

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Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

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Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

• Manipulators can also be set using the ostream cl

ass methods
• Separate the cout object name from the method
name with a period
Example:
[Link](2)

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Formatting Number for Program Output ASTU

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Cast Operator ASTU

• Cast operator: A unary operator that forces the da

ta to the desired data type
• Compile-time cast
– Syntax: dataType (expression)
– Example: int(a+b)

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Cast Operator ASTU

• Run-time cast: The requested conversion is checke

d at run time and applied if valid
– Syntax:
staticCast<data-type> (expression)
– Example:
staticCast<int>(a*b)

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• The large “economy” size of an item is n

ot always a better buy than the smaller si
ze.
– This is particularly true when buying pizzas.
– Pizza sizes are given as the diameter of the
pizza in inches.

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• However, the quantity of pizza is determ

ined by the area of the pizza
– Most people cannot easily estimate the diff
erence in area between a ten-inch pizza an
d a twelve-inch pizza
– So cannot easily determine which size is the
best buy—that is, which size has the lowest
price per square inch.

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• Build, Run and Test the following progra

m
• Understand the logic

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

• Suppose that restaurants offer both round

pizzas and rectangular pizzas.

• The code is on the next slides

• Note that the function name unitPrice has
been overloaded so that it applies to both r
ound and rectangular pizzas.
• Build, Run and Test the Program
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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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Case Study: Buying Pizza ASTU

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General Problems ASTU

• Develop a calculator program using f

unction (use five functions add (), m
ultiply (), divide (), subtract () and modul
e ().

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General Problems ASTU

• Write a C++ program to calculate and di

splay the value of the slope of the line co
nnecting two points with the coordinate
s (3,7) and (8,12).
• After verifying the output your program
produces, modify it to determine the slo
pe of the line connecting the points (2,1
0) and (12,6).

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General Problems ASTU

• What will happen if you use the points

(2,3) and (2,4)
• Change its output to this:
– The value of the slope is [Link]
– The [Link] denotes placing the calculated v
alue in a field wide enough for three places
to the left of the decimal point and two pla
ces to the right of it.

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Assignment #1 ASTU

• When a particular rubber ball is dropped

from a given height (in meters), its impa
ct speed (in meters/second) when it hits
the ground is given by this formula:

• where g is the acceleration cause

d by gravity and h is the height.
• The ball then rebounds to 2/3 the heig
ht from which it last fell.

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Assignment #1 … ASTU

• Write, test, and run a C++ program that

calculates and displays the impact speed
of the first three bounces and the rebou
nd height of each bounce.
• Test your program by using an initial hei
ght of 2.0 meters.
• Run the program twice, and compare th
e results for dropping the ball on Earth
(g = 9.81 m/s2) and on the moon
(g = 1.67 m/s2).
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