Beni-Suef University

FCAI

Foundations of Information System (IS)

Factory: FCAI

Project about: Supermarket Database.

Professor: Meervet Ragb.

Name and code:

1_ 210078 ‫أية مقيدم حامد علي‬
2_ 210254 ‫كريم محسن عبدالحميد عبدالله‬
3_210241 ‫غادة رجب شعبان محمد‬
4_ 210067 ‫أمنية رجب جمعة سيد‬
5_ 210101 ‫حبيبة خالد عبدالوهاب‬
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Code:
create Database SupermarketDatabase
use SupermarketDatabase

create table Customers(

Customer_id int primary key,
name_customer varchar(15) not null,
phone varchar(15) not null,
email varchar(10) null,
)

create table Stores(

store_id int primary key,
name_store varchar(15) not null,
phone varchar(15) not null,
street varchar(30) null,
)

create table Staffs(

staff_id int primary key,
name_staff varchar(15) not null,
phone varchar(15) not null,
email varchar(10) null,
store_id int ,
constraint store_fk Foreign key (store_id)
references Stores,
)

create table Orders(

order_id int primary key,
name_order varchar(15) not null,
customer_id int ,
store_id int ,
staff_id int,
constraint store_or_fk Foreign key (store_id)
references Stores,
constraint staff_or_fk Foreign key (staff_id)
references Staffs,
constraint customer_or_fk Foreign key (customer_id)
references Customers,
)

create table Brands(

brand_id int primary key,
brand_name varchar(15) not null,
)
 Beni-Suef University
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create table Categories(

Categorie_id int primary key,
Categorie_name varchar(15) not null,
)

create table Products(

product_id int primary key,
name_product varchar(15) not null,
list_price varchar(15) not null,
brand_id int ,
categorie_id int ,
constraint brand_pr_fk Foreign key (brand_id)
references Brands,
constraint categorie_pr_fk Foreign key (categorie_id)
references Categories,
)

create table Stockes(

product_id int,
store_id int,
constraint product_st_fk Foreign key (product_id)
references Products,
constraint store_st_fk Foreign key (store_id)
references Stores,
)

create table Orders_items(

items_id int primary key,
quantity varchar(15) not null,
list_price varchar(15) not null,
order_id int,
product_id int,
constraint order_it_fk Foreign key (order_id)
references Orders,
constraint product_it_fk Foreign key (product_id)
references Products,
)

ERD:
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Scientific Thinking _ Project

Factory: FCAI

Project about: Part1: scientific method example .

 Beni-Suef University
FCAI

Professor: Amira.

Name and code:

1_ 210078 ‫أية مقيدم حامد علي‬

1-Having a question: 2-Gathering 7-Conclude: we have (1

Do water boiling information: learn litre) of water and (0.2
kg) salt, the heat
faster on its own or about water, the
capacity is (4.366 KJ), in
with salt added to it? time to heat water this case, we have to put
and status of salt in more energy than for
in water. the same volume of
fresh water to raise the
temperature.
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3-Hypothesis: (if 4- Experiment on 2

we add salt in groups:
water, the water (group1:heating (1
will boil faster with litre) of water with
salt). (0.2 kg) salt, group
2: heating (1 litre)
of fresh water
alone without
additions).

5-Collect results: 6-Hypothesis:

measure time to boil hypothesis is not
water in both groups. correct.

Scientific Thinking _ Project

Factory: FCAI

Project about: Part2: report survy .

Professor: Amira.

Name and code:

1_ 210078 ‫أية مقيدم حامد علي‬
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Research Project
part_2
Survey research

Machine learning (ML)

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Name: Ayaa Mokudam Hamed

Professor_name: Amira

Instructions

1. The research type: Survey research

2. Structure and content
a. Title
b. Abstract
c. Introduction
d. Review
e. Conclusion
f. References
i. In text (numerical 1,2,…)
ii. In the end (Vancouver reference style)
3. Plagiarism, more than 45%
4. Format
a. Titles, 20,18,16
b. Text 14
c. Font, Arial (Body)
d. Line spacing, 1.15
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e. Page margins, normal

f. Paragraph, justified

Title:
Machine learning (ML)
Aims
The purpose of this research is to know what exactly has been achieved
and where researches failed to succeed in the field of artificial intelligence
since the year 2000 ? This essay makes to answer this question. In the first
half of the 20th century, science fiction familiarized the world with the
concept of artificially intelligent robots. It began with the Tin man from the
Wizard of Oz and continued with the humanoid robot that impersonated
Maria in Metropolis. By the 1950s, we had a generation of scientists,
mathematicians, and philosophers with the concept of artificial intelligence
culturally assimilated in their minds. One such person was Alan Turing.
Turing suggested that humans use available information as well as reason
in order to solve problems and make decisions, so why can’t machines do
the same thing? This was the logical framework of paper, Computing
Machinery and Intelligence in which he discussed how to build intelligent
machines and how to test their intelligence.
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Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a relatively new branch of computer science. A
tremendous amount of effort has been put into research associated with
understanding biological systems, developing practical applications of AI
since the year 2000. The ultimate goal of this science is reaching “Strong
AI”. However, humanity must be careful with creation of artificial intelligence
that is similar and, perhaps, to some extent, identical to the human being.
In conclusion to recapitulate, much progress has been made since the
1940s, particularly in the last 12 years: humans no longer dominate chess,
pets with metal bones make retired people happy again, and detecting a
face of a person near to your heart from millions of hours of CCTV videos is
no longer a problem.
Finally, there are other ethical concerns that occur when people consider ar
tificial intelligence. It's difficult to see AI as ultimately concerned with buildin
g trustworthy, intelligent equivalents and partners for humans. We are not d
iscussing the domestication of animals, but rather the development of artific
ial intelligence that is similar to, and possibly identical to, human intellect. T
his is not a new story: God created man in his likeness. One might wonder
what occurred next. "God has passed away. God is still dead. Friedrich Niet
zsche once said, "And we have slain him." We are currently in the process
of establishing a new entity in the equation of life, and such a process shoul
d not be abandoned.
.
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Introduction
Artificial Intelligence is all around [Link] currently live in the "big data" era,
in which we have the ability to collect massive amounts of data that are too
large for a single person to process. Artificial intelligence has already
proven to be beneficial in a variety of industries, including technology,
banking, marketing, and entertainment. We've seen that large data and
massive computers just allow artificial intelligence to learn by brute force,
even if algorithms don't improve much. Moore's law may be slowing down a
little, but the increase in data hasn't slowed down. Breakthroughs in
computer science, mathematics, or neurology could all be used to break
past Moore's Law's ceiling.

AI blossomed from 1957 to 1974. Computers grew quicker, cheaper, and

more accessible as they could store more data. Machine learning
algorithms developed as well, and individuals became better at determining
which method to use for given task. Early demonstrations, such as Newell
and Simon's General Problem Solver and Joseph Weizenbaum's ELIZA,
showed promise in problem solving and spoken language interpretation,
respectively. These achievements, together with the support of renowned
researchers (namely, the DSRPAI attendees), persuaded government
bodies such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) to fund AI research at a number of institutions. The government
was especially interested in a machine that could transcribe and translate
spoken language and analyse large amounts of data quickly. The mood
was upbeat.
 Beni-Suef University
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Machine learning (ML) has recently exploded in popularity in research, with

applications ranging from text mining to spam detection to video
recommendation, image classification, and multimedia concept retrieval
[1,2,3,4,5,6]. Deep learning (DL) is one of the most often used ML methods
in these applications [7,8,9]. DL is also known as representation learning
(RL). The emergence of new studies in the disciplines of deep and
distributed learning is due to both the unpredictability of data availability
and the incredible development made in hardware technologies, such as
High Performance Computing

Methodology:
I looked at the most important research publications in the subject
published between 2010 and 2020, mostly from 2020 and 2019, with a few
from 2021. Papers from reputable publishers such as IEEE, Elsevier,
MDPI, Nature, ACM, and Springer were the main focus. Some papers from
 Beni-Suef University
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ArXiv have been chosen. Over 300 publications on diverse DL themes

were reviewed. There are 108 papers from 2020, 76 articles from 2019,
and 48 papers from 2018. This indicates that the focus of this evaluation
was on recent DL articles. The publications were evaluated and reviewed to
(1) list and define DL approaches and network types, (2) list and explain
CNN architectures, and (3) list and define DL approaches and network
types. (3) discuss DL difficulties and alternative solutions, (4) evaluate DL
applications, and (5) evaluate computational methodologies ("Deep
Learning"), ("Machine Learning"), ("Convolution Neural Network"), ("Deep
Learning" AND "Architectures"), (("Deep Learning") AND ("Image") AND
("detection" OR "classification" OR "segmentation" OR "localization")),
("Deep Learning" AND "detection" OR "classification" OR "segmentation"
OR "Localization")), ("Deep Learning" AND "Imbalanced Data"), "Deep
Learning" AND "Data Interpretability"), "Deep Learning" AND "Overfitting"),
and "Deep Learning" AND "Under specification" are some of the terms
used. Figure 1 depicts the survey paper's search structure. The specifics of
several of the journals cited in this review paper are listed in Table 1.
 Beni-Suef University
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Results:
As a result of its work developing AI scenarios in many nations,
BRAINTRUST is collaborating with the Ministry of Science and Technology
of the Republic of Chile to produce the National Artificial Intelligence Policy,
with the goal of encouraging citizens to utilise and develop these tools.
That is why, both in Chile and in nations commercially and economically
relevant to this market, we conducted this survey among the referents of
the many businesses linked to the development, exploitation, or application
of tools derived from Artificial Intelligence methodology.

Conclusion
Although there are few ethical difficulties with contemporary AI that aren't
already present in the design of autos or power plants, AI algorithms' move
toward more humanlike reasoning portends expected complications. AI
algorithms may play social functions, requiring new design criteria such as
 Beni-Suef University
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openness and predictability. AI algorithms that are sufficiently general may

no longer function in predictable situations, necessitating new types of
safety assurance and the creation of artificial ethical considerations. AIs
with sufficiently evolved mental states, or the correct kind of states, will
have moral status, and some may count as people—albeit people very
different from those who exist now, and possibly governed by different
norms. . Finally, the prospect of AIs with superhuman intelligence and
capacities poses the enormous issue of formulating an algorithm that
produces super ethical conduct. These issues may appear futuristic, but
they appear to be inescapable; and they are not without proposals for
current research approaches.

References
1. Rozenwald MB, Galitsyna AA, Sapunov GV,
Khrameeva EE, Gelfand MS. A machine learning
framework for the prediction of chromatin folding
in Drosophila using epigenetic features. PeerJ
Comput Sci. 2020;6:307.
2. Amrit C, Paauw T, Aly R, Lavric M. Identifying
child abuse through text mining and machine
learning. Expert Syst Appl. 2017;88:402–18..
3. Hossain E, Khan I, Un-Noor F, Sikander SS,
Sunny MSH. Application of big data and machine
learning in smart grid, and associated security
concerns: a review. IEEE Access. 2019;7:13960–
88..
4. rawford M, Khoshgoftaar TM, Prusa JD, Richter
AN, Al Najada H. Survey of review spam detection
using machine learning techniques. J Big Data.
2015;2(1):23.5.
 Beni-Suef University
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Scientific Thinking _ Project

Factory: FCAI

Project about: Part1: scientific method example.

Professor: Amira.

Name and code:

‫كريم محسن عبدالحميد عبدالله‬
210254
 Beni-Suef University
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My toaster

1- I want to know if there Is 2-Hypothesis: If something 7- My toaster is

something wrong with my is wrong with the outlet, broken but my
electrical outlet? my coffeemaker also electrical outlet
won’t work when plugged
works.
into it.

3-I plug my coffeemaker 4-My coffeemaker works!

into the outlet.

5-My electrical outlet 6- Hypothesis is correct.

works, but my toaster still
won’t toast my bread.

Scientific Thinking _ Project

Factory: FCAI
 Beni-Suef University
FCAI

Project about: Part2: report survey.

Professor: Amira.

Name and code:

210254 ‫كريم محسن عبدالحميد عبدالله‬

TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

*Abstract
Within the UNCTAD Division on Technology and Logistics,
the STI Policy Section carries out policyoriented analytical
work on the impact of innovation and new and emerging
technologies on sustainable development, with a
particular focus on the opportunities and challenges for
developing countries. It is responsible for the Technology
and Innovation Report, which seeks to address issues in
science, technology and innovation that are topical and
important for developing countries, and to do so in a
 Beni-Suef University
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comprehensive way with an emphasis on policy-relevant

analysis and conclusions. The STI Policy Section supports
the integration of STI in national development strategies
and in building up STI policy-making capacity in
developing countries; a major instrument in this area is
the programme of Science, Technology and Innovation
Policy Reviews. The section also serves as the core
secretariat of the United Nations Commission on Science
and Technology for Development (CSTD). In this report,
the terms country/economy refer, as appropriate, to
territories or areas. The designations of country groups
are intended solely for statistical or analytical
convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement
about the stage of development reached by a particular
country or area in the development process. Unless
otherwise indicated, the major country groupings used in
this report follow the classification of the United Nations
Statistical Office. These are: Developed countries: the
member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD) (other than Chile,
Mexico, the Republic of Korea and Turkey), plus the
European Union member countries that are not OECD
members (Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Lithuania, Malta and
Romania), plus Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco and San
Marino. Countries with economies in transition refers to
those of South-East Europe and the Commonwealth of
Independent States. Developing economies, in general,
are all the economies that are not specified above. For
statistical purposes, the data for China do not include
those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of
China (Hong Kong, China), Macao Special Administrative
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Region of China (Macao, China) or Taiwan Province of

China. An Excel file with the main country groupings used
can be downloaded from UNCTADstat at:
[Link]
References to sub-Saharan Africa include South Africa
unless otherwise indicated. References in the text to the
United States are to the United States of America and
those to the United Kingdom are to the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The term “dollar” ($)
refers to United States dollar, unless otherwise stated.
The term “billion” signifies 1,000 million. Annual rates of
growth and change refer to compound rates. Use of a dash
(–) between dates representing years, such as 1988–1990,
signifies the full period involved, including the initial and
final years. An oblique stroke (/) between two years, such
as 2000/01, signifies a fiscal or crop year. A dot (.) in a
table indicates that the item is not applicable. Two dots
(..) in a table indicate that the data are not available, or
are not separately reported. A dash (–) or a zero (0) in a
table indicates that the amount is nil or negligible.
Decimals and percentages do not necessarily add up to
totals because of rounding.
 Beni-Suef University
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*Introduction
The Technology and Innovation Report 2021 critically
examines the possibility of frontier technologies such as
AI, robotics and gene-editing widening existing
inequalities and creating new ones. The debate about the
relationship between technological change and
inequalities has a long tradition in development studies.
However, the broad reach, the seemingly unlimited and
tight integration of these new technologies through
digitalization and connectivity, and the rapid pace of
technological change have put in doubt the relevance of
the experiences of previous technological transformations
to inform the current policy debate. Frontier technologies
can bring enormous benefits to the lives of poor people.
Prospects are immense in agriculture, health, education,
energy and other areas of development. There are
numerous examples on successfully mobilizing frontier
technologies. However, many of these technology
deployment remains at pilot level. This Report discusses
how to scale them up, how to bring their benefits to the
poor, what government interventions and business models
work, what good practices and lessons are there, and
what the missing links are. There is also a concern that
automation, AI, robotics will destroy jobs and with that
the dream of poor people in developing countries to get
out of poverty. There is a fear that the chasm between
haves and have nots would widen, while benefits are
captured by a few with skills and capital. This Report
discusses the impact of these technologies on labour
markets and how to prepare the work force to benefit
from the frontier technologies and minimize the risks. The
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Report focuses on low and middle-income developing

countries and least developed countries, as well as on the
most vulnerable segments of societies, while providing
discussion on the effects on high-income countries as
parts of the broader context and major drivers of frontier
technologies. The Report argues that frontier technologies
are essential for sustainable development, but they also
could accentuate initial inequalities. It is up to policies to
reduce this risk and make frontier technologies contribute
to increasing equality. Low- and middle-income developing
countries and the least developing countries cannot afford
to miss the new wave of rapid technological change.
Harnessing this new technological revolution will require
countries to promote the use, adoption and adaptation of
frontier technologies. A balanced approach building a
robust industrial base and promoting frontier technologies
is a must for success in the twenty-first century.
*Literature Review
Human development in recent decades has been
accompanied by rapid changes in technology and an
increasing proliferation of digitized devices and services.
And the pace of change seems likely to accelerate as a
result of “frontier technologies” such as artificial
intelligence (AI), robotics, biotechnology, and
nanotechnology. These technologies have already brought
enormous benefits – dramatically highlighted in 2020 by
the accelerated development of coronavirus vaccines. But
rapid advances can have serious downsides if they
outpace the ability of societies to adapt. There are fears,
for example, that jobs are disappearing as more economic
activity is automated, and that social media is
 Beni-Suef University
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exacerbating divisions, anxiety and doubt. Overall, there

are concerns that frontier technologies will further widen
inequalities, or create new ones. Most of these issues
have been voiced in developed countries. But the
implications could be even more serious for developing
countries – if poor communities and countries are either
overwhelmed or simply left behind. This report considers
how developing countries can catch the wave of frontier
technologies, balancing innovation with equity in pursuit
of the Sustainable Development Goals.

1. CATCHING THE WAVES

We live in an age of dramatic technological advances,
mostly concentrated in developed countries, but the great
divides between countries that we see today started with
the onset of the first industrial revolution. At that point
most people were equally poor and the gaps in per capita
income between countries were much smaller (Figure 1).
Then with waves of technological change, Western Europe
and its offshoots – Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and
the United States – along with Japan, pulled ahead. Most
other countries remained on the periphery. Every wave of
progress was associated with sharper inequality between
countries – with widening disparities in access to
products, social services and public goods – from
education to health, from ICT infrastructure to
electrification. Nevertheless, a few countries, notably in
East Asia, were subsequently able to catch up through
technological learning, imitation and innovation.
 Beni-Suef University
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Prosperity with inequality

During recent decades of digitization, the world has seen
growing prosperity. People on average are living longer
and healthier lives. Rapid economic growth in emerging
economies has fuelled the rise of a global middle class.
Nevertheless, there is persistent poverty, and rising
inequality. Wealth is highly concentrated, and there are
also large disparities in income-earning opportunities, as
well as in standards of education and health. These
imbalances constrain economic growth and human
development while heightening vulnerability, whether to
pandemics, or economic crises or climate change – and can
soon destabilize societies.
Wide income gaps
Many of the inequalities correlate with levels of income. In
the past 10 to 15 years, global income inequality has
decreased, mainly because large developing countries,
mostly in Asia and notably China, have grown faster and
started to catch up. However, achievements in global
equality are threatened by rising disparities within
countries. Over the past 40 years, within-country
inequality has increased not only in some developed
countries such as the United States, and in Europe, but
also in developing countries such as China and India.
Given that within-country inequality is rising, while the
disparities between countries are falling, what is the net
effect? To answer that question, we must consider the
contribution of both types of inequality to global
inequality. Estimates suggest that between-country
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inequality now dominates. Between 1820, the onset of the

industrial revolution, and 2002, the contribution of
between-country inequality to global inequality rose from
28 to 85 per cent. In other words, in 1820, global income
inequality was driven by class divides within countries.
Now it is driven more by the lottery of birthplace: a person
born in a poor country suffers a ‘citizen penalty’.1 Since it
is the dominant component, the recent relative reduction
in inequalities between countries may be a cause for
celebration. But it should disguise the fact that in
absolute terms developing countries has never been
higher and continues to increase
Two-phase revolutions
There is no consensus on the dynamics of economic
inequality – which is affected by many factors, such as war
and epidemics, as well as by political processes influenced
by power struggles and ideologies. Globalization and
technological change have also been pointed out as
drivers of income inequalities within countries.
Nevertheless, at the same time these impulses have
helped reduce poverty in lowincome countries, and not
only in larger, faster developing ones, such as China and
India, but also many others, including countries in Africa,
as shown by the impact of smartphones.2 At the same
time, inequality is also affected by technological
revolutions. Technological changes combine with financial
capital to create new techno-economic paradigms – the
cluster of technologies, products, industries,
infrastructure and institutions that characterize a
technological revolution. In the countries at the centre of
these new technological waves, the surge can be
 Beni-Suef University
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considered in two phases. First is the installation phase as

technology is introduced into core industries – widening
the gaps between workers in these industries and the
rest. Second is the deployment phase which also tends to
be uneven: not everyone gets immediate access to the
benefits of progress such as a life-saving treatment, or
access to clean water. The result is widening divisions
which can lead to public discontent. At present, the world
is reaching the end of the deployment phase of the “Age
of ICT” and starting the installation phase of a new
paradigm, involving frontier technologies and sometimes
called Industry 4.0 (Figure 4). The deployment of ICT
resulted in an enormous concentration of wealth in the
ownership of the major digital platforms. How will
Industry 4.0 affect inequalities between countries? Much
will depend on whether countries are catching up, forging
ahead, or falling behind – which in turn will depend on
their national policies and on their involvement in
international trade

2. FORGING AHEAD AT THE DIGITAL FRONTIERS

The “frontier technologies” are a group of new
technologies that take advantage of digitalization and
connectivity which enable them to combine to multiply
their impacts. This report covers 11 such technologies:
artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of things (IoT), big
data, blockchain, 5G, 3D printing, robotics, drones, gene
editing, nanotechnology and solar photovoltaic (Solar PV).
 Beni-Suef University
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These technologies can be used to boost productivity and

improve livelihoods. AI, for example, combined with
robotics can transform production and business
processes. 3D printing allows faster and cheaper low-
volume production and rapid, iterative prototyping of new
products. As a group, these 11 technologies already
represent a $350-billion market, and one that by 2025
Finance companies have used these technologies, for
example, for making credit decisions, and for risk
management, fraud prevention, trading, personalized
banking and process automation. The manufacturing
sector has used them for predictive maintenance, quality
control and human-robot combined work. Many of the
major providers of these technologies are from the United
States which is home to major cloud computing platforms.
China is also a major producer, notably of 5G, drones and
solar PV. For each of the technologies, these two countries
are also responsible for 30 to 70 per cent of patents and
publications.
A country readiness index
Only a few countries currently create frontier
technologies, but all countries need to prepare for them.
To assess national capabilities to equitably use, adopt and
adapt these technologies this report has developed a
‘readiness index’. The index comprises five building
blocks: ICT deployment, skills, R&D activity, industry
activity and access to finance. Based on this index, the
countries best prepared are the United States, followed by
Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Singapore, the
Netherlands and the Republic of Korea. The list also has
high rankings for some transition and developing
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economies – such as China ranked at 25 and the Russian

Federation at 27. Most of the least-ready countries are in
sub-Saharan Africa, and in the developing countries
generally
The countries ranked highest are largely the richest ones,
but there are many outliers – countries that perform
better than their per capita GDPs would suggest. The
greatest overperformer is India, followed by the
Philippines. On the R&D components of the index, China
and India perform well, partly because these countries
have abundant supplies of highly skilled but relatively
inexpensive human resources. In addition, they have large
local markets, which attract investment from
multinational enterprises. Viet Nam and Jordan also do
well, reflecting supportive government policy.
3. HUMANS AND MACHINES AT WORK
Technological change affects inequalities through its
impact on jobs, wages and profits. These inequalities
could arise between occupations, firms and sectors as well
as between wage earners and owners of capital. Another
level in which inequality emerges is in the differences in
the economic structures of countries. The contribution of
each of these and other elements to income inequality
depends on many factors, such as the country’s level of
development, its economic structure and its social and
economic and labour policies, as well as the size of a
specific sector or its firms. Therefore, at any given time, in
a particular country, technological change could cause
inequality to rise or fall. Is this any different from what
happened with previous waves of technology? In principle,
no. The channels and mechanisms are similar. But each
 Beni-Suef University
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wave of technological change brings inequality in new

shapes.
Job polarization
Job displacement can also be accompanied by job
polarization, which refers to an expansion in high- and
low-wage jobs combined with a contraction in middle-
wage jobs. In developed countries there are, for example,
now fewer clerks doing routine middle-wage jobs. Thus
far, there has been less impact on the lowest-skill manual
jobs, but that seems set to change with greater use of AI
and nimbler robots. Not all job polarization can be
attributed to technological change, much will also have
been an outcome of trade and international competition.
In developed countries job polarization has been
associated with a reduction in manufacturing and medium-
skill jobs, and an increase in services and higher-skill jobs,
while in middle-income countries there has been an
increase in manufacturing .
Widening technological gaps
There is also a fear that the widespread adoption of
frontier technologies in developed countries will reduce
the labour-cost competitiveness of today’s less
industrialized economies in Asia and Africa, increase the
technological gaps between them and developed countries
– make it more difficult to catch up, diversify their
economies, and create jobs. In the past, countries like
China, Mexico, Brazil, and a handful of Asian countries
moved up the income ladder by transferring labour and
capital from relatively lower-productivity agriculture to
higher productivity manufacturing and services. The fear
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now is that frontier technologies and Industry 4.0 will

upend these traditional development processes, making a
difficult journey even harder.
Challenges for developing countries
Theories and models point to possible channels of impact,
but the actual effect will depend on the sectors affected,
on the capacities of countries, and on the policies and
strategies adopted. However, experience shows that over
time new technologies are likely permeate to various
sectors of the economy and social activities. In these
circumstances, developing countries should deliberately
adapt and use automation to increase productivity,
promote economic diversification and create jobs.
Preparing people, firms and institutions for such changes
can limit any negative effects on inequality. In pursuing
these policy objectives, developing countries will need to
overcome a number of challenges

*References:

1_Amrit C, Paauw T, Aly R, Lavric M. Identifying

child abuse through text mining and machine
learning. Expert Syst Appl. 2017;88:402–18..
2_Hossain E, Khan I, Un-Noor F, Sikander SS,
Sunny MSH. Application of big data and machine
learning in smart grid, and associated security
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concerns: a review. IEEE Access. 2019;7:13960–

88..

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1- Does vitamin d 2- learn about 3- Hypothesis ( If

have an effect on osteomalacia and children take vitamin
children with vitamin D D, it will treat
osteomalacia? osteomalacia and the
body will be able to
absorb calcium
significantly)

4- We do the 5- We collect the 6- Hypothesis is

experiment on two results We correct
groups (Group 1 observe the result
patients with in the
osteomalacia take
vitamin D ) (Group 2
patients with
osteomalacia don't
take the
Vitamin)
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7- The children
which take the
vitamin become
better
able to walk

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Topic: Artificial intelligence.

Abstract:
Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) is a multidisciplinary field
whose goal is to automate activities that presently require
human intelligence. Recent successes in A.I. include
computerized medical diagnosticians and systems that
automatically customize hardware to particular user
requirements. The major problem areas addressed in A.I.
can be summarized as Perception, Manipulation,
Reasoning, Communication, and Learning. Perception is
concerned with building models of the physical world from
sensory input (visual, audio, etc.). Manipulation is
concerned with articulating appendages (e.g., mechanical
arms, locomotion devices) in order to effect a desired
state in the physical world. Reasoning is concerned with
higher level cognitive functions such as planning, drawing
inferential conclusions from a world model, diagnosing,
designing, etc. Communication treats the problem
understanding and conveying information through the use
of language. Finally, Learning treats the problem of
automatically improving system performance over time
based on the system's experience. Many important
technical concepts have arisen from A.I. that unify these
diverse problem areas and that form the foundation of the
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scientific discipline. Generally, A.I. systems function based

on a Knowledge Base of facts and rules that characterize
the system's domain of proficiency. The elements of a
Knowledge Base consist of independently valid (or at least
plausible) chunks of information. The system must
automatically organize and utilize this information to solve
the specific problems that it encounters. This organization
process can be generally characterized as a Search
directed toward specific goals. The search is made
complex because of the need to determine the relevance
of information and because of the frequent occurence of
uncertain and ambiguous data. Heuristics provide the A.I.
system with a mechanism for focusing its attention and
controlling its searching processes. The necessarily
adaptive organization of A.I. systems yields the
requirement for A.I. computational Architectures. All
knowledge utilized by the system must be represented
within such an architecture. The acquisition and encoding
of real-world knowledge into A.I. architecture comprises
the subfield of Knowledge Engineering.

Introduction:
The term artificial intelligence (AI) was coined by John
McCarthy in 1956 during a conference held on the subject.
However, the possibility of machines being able to
simulate actual human behavior and thinking was raised
earlier by Alan Turing who developed the Turing test in
order to differentiate between humans and machines.
Since then, computational power has grown to the point of
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instant computations and the ability to evaluate new data,

according to previously evaluated data, in real time.
Today, artificial intelligence has been integrated into our
daily lives in many forms, such as personal assistants
(Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant, etc.), automated mass
transportation, aviation, and computer games.
Recently, artificial intelligence has also begun to be
integrated into medicine to improve patient care by
speeding up processes and achieving greater accuracy,
opening the way for better healthcare in general.
Radiological images, pathology slides, and patients'
electronic medical records (EMR) are evaluated through
machine learning, aiding in the process of diagnosing and
treating patients and increasing clinicians' capabilities.
Here we describe the current state of artificial intelligence
in medicine, the way it is used in various disciplines and
future directions. Literature Review:
International journal of information and management
sciences 19 (4), 535-570, 2008 .
Research on artificial intelligence in the last two decades
has greatly improved performance of both manufacturing
and service systems. Currently, there is a dire need for an
article that presents a holistic literature survey of
worldwide, theoretical frameworks and practical
experiences in the field of artificial intelligence. This paper
reports the state-ofthe-art on artificial intelligence in an
integrated, concise, and elegantly distilled manner to
show the experiences in the field. In particular, this paper
provides a broad review of recent developments within
the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications.
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The work is targeted at new entrants to the artificial

intelligence field. It also reminds the experienced
researchers about some of the issue they have known.
Artificial Intelligence Applications and
Innovations
Max Bramer, Vladan Devedic
Springer, 2004
Artificial Intelligence and Innovations (AIAI) will interest
researchers, IT professionals and consultants by
examining technologies and applications of demonstrable
value. The conference focused on profitable intelligent
systems and technologies. AIAI focuses on real world
applications.
Artificial intelligence in the AEC industry: Scientometric
analysis and visualization of research activities

Amos Darko, Albert PC Chan, Michael A Adabre,

David J Edwards, M Reza Hosseini, Ernest E Ameyaw

Automation in Construction 112, 103001,

2020

The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC)

industry is fraught with complex and difficult problems.
Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a powerful tool to
assist in addressing these problems. Therefore, over the
years, researchers have been conducting research on AI in
the AEC industry (AI-in-the-AECI). In this paper, the first
 Beni-Suef University
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comprehensive scientometric study appraising the state-

of-the-art of research on AI-in-the-AECI is presented. The
science mapping method was used to systematically and
quantitatively analyze 418024related bibliographic
records retrieved from Scopus. The results indicated that
genetic algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy logic, fuzzy
sets, and machine learning have been the most widely
used AI methods in AEC. Optimization, simulation,
uncertainty, project management, and bridges have been
the most commonly addressed topics/issues using AI
methods/concepts. The primary value and uniqueness of
this study lies in it being the first in providing an up-to-
date inclusive, big picture of the literature on AI-in-the-
AECI. This study adds value to the AEC literature through
visualizing and understanding trends and patterns,
identifying main research interests, journals, institutions,
and countries, and how these are linked within now-
available studies on AI-in-the-AECI. The findings bring to
light the deficiencies in the current research and provide
paths for future research, where they indicated that
future research opportunities lie in applying robotic
automation and convolutional neural networks to AEC
problems. For the world of practice, the study offers a
readily-available point of reference for practitioners,
policy makers, and research and development (R&D)
bodies. This study therefore raises the level of awareness
of AI and facilitates building the intellectual wealth of the
AI area in the AEC industry.
One of the most talked about and highly debated drift in
the modern organisations regarding HR Technology has
been Artificial Intelligence (AI). Most re-searches of the
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topic on Artificial Intelligence induce high guesses that

believe artificial intelligence will be a game-changer for
higher productivity and efficiency in HR professionals. It
began with talent acquisition and is moving fully across
various other areas of skills and performance to
succession planning. While it is seen that AI is for the well-
being of the organization is vital for its success and long-
standing health, there is also the fear and insecurity
among employees that, increased automation may reduce
the employment rate. This study looks into the state-of-

the-art on artificial intelligence and its impact in HR.

Results:
The use of artificial intelligence methods in drug safety
began in the early 2000s with applications such as
predicting bacterial mutagenicity and hERG inhibition. The
field has been endlessly expanding ever since and the
models have become more complex. These approaches are
now integrated into molecule risk assessment processes
along with in vitro and in vivo methods. Today, artificial
intelligence can be used in every phase of drug discovery
and development, from profiling chemical libraries in early
discovery, to predicting off-target effects in the mid-
discovery phase, to assessing potential mutagenic
impurities in development and degradants as part of life
cycle management. This chapter provides an overview of
artificial intelligence in drug safety and describes its
application throughout the entire discovery and
development process.
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Fighting COVID-19 with Artificial Intelligence

The development of vaccines for the treatment of COVID-
19 is paving the way for new hope. Despite this, the risk of
the virus mutating into a vaccine-resistant variant still
persists. As a result, the demand of efficacious drugs to
treat
COVID-19 is still pertinent. To this end, scientists continue
to identify and repurpose marketed drugs for this new
disease. Many of these drugs are currently undergoing
clinical trials and, so far, only one has been officially
approved by FDA. Drug repurposing is a much faster route
to the clinic than standard drug development of novel
molecules, nevertheless in a pandemic this process is still
not fast enough to halt the spread of the virus. Artificial
intelligence has already played a large part in hastening
the drug discovery process, not only by facilitating the
selection of potential drug candidates but also in
monitoring the pandemic and enabling faster diagnosis of
patients. In this chapter, we focus on the impact and
challenges that artificial intelligence has demonstrated
thus far with respect to drug repurposing of therapeutics
for the treatment of COVID-19. Applications of Artificial
Intelligence in Drug Design: Opportunities and Challenges

Artificial intelligence (AI) has undergone rapid

development in recent years and has been successfully
applied to real-world problems such as drug design. In this
chapter, we review recent applications of AI to problems
in drug design including virtual screening, computer-aided
synthesis planning, and de novo molecule generation, with
a focus on the limitations of the application of AI therein
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and opportunities for improvement. Furthermore, we

discuss the broader challenges imposed by AI in
translating theoretical practice to real-world drug design;
including quantifying prediction uncertainty and
explaining model behavior.

Conclusion:
AI is at the centre of a new enterprise to build
computational models of intelligence. The main
assumption is that intelligence (human or otherwise) can
be represented in terms of symbol structures and
symbolic operations which can be programmed in a digital
computer. There is much debate as to whether such an
appropriately programmed computer would be a mind, or
would merely simulate one, but AI researchers need not
wait for the conclusion to that debate, nor for the
hypothetical computer that could model all of human
intelligence. Aspects of intelligent behaviour, such as
solving problems, making inferences, learning, and
understanding language, have already been coded as
computer programs, and within very limited domains, such
as identifying diseases of soybean plants, AI programs can
outperform human experts. Now the great challenge of AI
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is to find ways of representing the commonsense

knowledge and experience that enable people to carry out
everyday activities such as holding a wide-ranging
conversation, or finding their way along a busy street.
Conventional digital computers may be capable of running
such programs, or we may need to develop new machines
that can support the complexity of human thought.

References:
1-Coral Barboza
Journal of advances in Social science and Humanities.
2-H. A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial, MIT Press,
1981.
3-L. A. Zadeh, A Theory of Approximate Reasoning, 1977.
4-J. F. Rulifson, J. A. Derksen and R. J. Waldinger, QA4: A
Procedural Calculus for Intuitive Reasoning, November
1972.
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Professor: Amira.

Name and code:

210241 ‫غادة رجب شعبان محمد‬

1- Does food rich in salt 2-Hypothesis(if patients 7- The activity of the

treat thyroid disease? eat food rich in salt,their thyroid gland is
thyroid gland activity will regulated by eating
be regulated) food rish in salt
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3-learn about parients who 4-We de the experiment

eat food rish in salt and on two groups(Group 1
patients who eat food low patients with thyroid
in salt gland eat food rich in salt)
(Group 2 patients with
thyroid gland eat food
with a small percentage
of salt)
5-We collect the results we 6- Hypothesis is correct
observe the activity of the
thyroid gland in the two
groups

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Paper research report

Abstract:
There are numerous indications that the field of
Artificial intelligence (AI) is now well established.
There are several computer science departments with
AI specialties and some important disciplines whose
roots are in AI, such as Pattern Recognition and
Symbolic Algebraic Manipulation, have already spun
off as independent areas. Still, I identify this field of
Artificial intelligence has the positivity beyond its
aspect. It matters how we accept it and use it in a
positive manner. Its problem-solving approach has
already showed the world that how much it can be
effective in solution making. This research will
explain that how artificial intelligence is applied in
numerous fields at present and in future and in this
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article, I have given the substantial evidence to

support my opinion of favoring .)the AI (Bertram,
1973
AI has received increased attention from the
information systems (IS) research community in
recent years. There is, however, a growing concern
that research on AI could experience a lack of
cumulative building of knowledge, which has
overshadowed IS research previously. This study
addresses this concern, by conducting a systematic
literature review of AI research in IS between 2005
and 2020. The search strategy resulted in 1877
studies, of which 98 were identified as primary
studies and a synthesise of key themes that are
pertinent to this study is presented. In doing so,
this study makes important contributions, namely (i)
an identification of the current reported business
value and contributions of AI, (ii) research and
practical implications on the use of AI and (iii)
opportunities for future AI research in the form of a
research agenda .

Introduction
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Writing about artificial intelligence has turned out to
be a
considerably more difficult undertaking than many
people had suspected. Even writing an introductory
text for this -rap idly growing field is a challenging
task whose difficulty has
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generally been underestimated. My intention in this

review
is to look at one of the best attempts to date at
supplying suchan introductory text to the field of AI and
to do so in the
spirit of perhaps arriving at some useful standards
against which .such an attempt might be gauged. A major
shortcoming of many of the introductory AI volumes is the
use of material which is so out of date
that the book projects a false impression of the field as
currently
-practiced, making the book’s usefulness highly question
able. This point alone places the text by Eugene .
Charniak and Drew McDermott in a special category
because its
focus is primarily on problems currently being addressed
in
the AI field. Some aspects of the material presented
might even be
.appearing for the first time in this volume
The authors indicate in the preface that they intend the
book for use at the undergraduate level. This aspect, -
how ever, should not be considered a limitation of the
book’s level of sophistication and depth. As a matter of
fact,
This book seems quite suitable for use by people who
already .have some background in AI
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The text is organized into eleven chapters. The first

chapter provides a brief introduction to AI and what it is
and
to various approaches to knowledge representation,
-particu larly the predicate calculus notation that is used
Throughout the book for developing examples. Chapter 2
contains a
-suc cinct introduction to Lisp, which uses a dialect
similar to
That of Franz Lisp. The rest of the book is devoted to
particular AI application areas and methodologies, such
as vision,
natural language, logic programming, search, expert
systems, -plan
.ning, and learning
This book is an extremely good companion volume to
Artijcial Intelligence Programming (Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, 1980), an earlier volume on which the
authors
collaborated with Christopher Riesbeck. As opposed to
the earlier text, the coded examples used here are
sketchy;
as a result, they are often difficult to follow or
understand.
But here we run up against a dilemma that all
introductory
AI books must face: whether to include complete listings
of
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AI programs. Including the listings seems to take such a

Book out of the introductory category, but incomplete
listings
Are seldom useful, and no listings at all makes the book
Appear too superficial. The solution seems to be one this
book
-uti lizes to some degree: make the complete listings
available in
.an appendix for those who wish to make use of them
The authors provide a diplomatic overview of AI that
includes many contrasting and competitive approaches
which are seldom covered together in the same volume
with
-comparable sympathy and detail-an admirable achieve
ment. The result is a broader and more enriched view of
the field than is usually conveyed. The chapter on vision
systems divides the problem of interpreting visual images
into the two phases of early processing and scene
representation
and recognition, providing lengthy sections on both
problem
-ar eas. The chapter on natural language parsing
illustrates how
syntactic parsing can be augmented with semantic
parsing. It
presents the outline of a Lisp program that uses ATNs for
the
syntactic parser. Various high-level functions such as
 Beni-Suef University
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-clef fenture,fecl-net and def-semantics are introduced

and used to
outline a system. The treatment suffers, though, from -an
in dequate explanation of these functions, what they do
and how they are implemented. Similarly, in the chapter
on search, the outlines of search algorithms and Lisp
functions are presented, but the reader is left again with
the feeling that too much is left undisclosed about these
functions to permit an adequate understanding.

The literature
review conducted by Rzpeka and Berger
(2018) cited 91 studies total as their primary studies,
taken from a combination of conferences and journals.
However, it is focused on the context of individual user
interaction with AI systems in IS, while this study studies
how it is being defined and gives value. The literature
review conducted by Hofmann et al. (2019) was primarily
concerned with the effects of AI and ML in the context of
the radiology value chain, and so had a time span
reflecting that, focusing on 2012 to 2018. The review
conducted by Borges et al. (2021) focused more on
specific AI interactions with organisational strategy and so
misses some of the context in how it is being defined and
how it creates value. The literature review conducted by
Karger (2020) is focused narrowly on the relations
between AI and blockchain and excludes everything else.
This study includes all the relevant studies in a fifteen
year period in a number of high quality journals and
conferences, and includes studies that use AI in more
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oblique ways than these SLRs, such as studies that use

machine learning approaches when
researching their focus .

Research methodology:
This section outlines the systematic review process
adopted for this study. A Systematic Literature Review is
defined as “means of identifying, evaluating and
interpreting all available research relevant to a particular
research question, or topic area, or phenomenon of
interest” (Kitchenham, 2004). This systematic approach
was chosen for its ability to offer reviews of high quality
(Dingsøyr & Dybå, 2008) and transparent and replicable
review (Leidner & Kayworth, 2006). Additionally, it is
useful for studies with a clearly formulated research
question (Petticrew & Roberts, 2006) and summarising
large quantities of research studies (Fink, 2005). Thus, the
SLR was chosen for the following reasons: (i) the study
will generate large amounts of literature; (ii) this study
aims to answer a specific research question; (iii) we intend
to systematically extract relevant AI references from the
studies transparently; and (iv) the rigour and replicability
it offers leads to an unbiased scientific study. The
foundation of our guide was taken from the
.)guideline developed by Okoli (2015
A systematic guide to literature review development .
Okoli (2015) propose a systematic review process that
consists of 8 steps, namely planning (2 steps), selection (2
steps), extraction (2 steps) and execution (2 steps) that
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are completed across 4 phases (see Fig. 1.). Each of these

four phases and eight steps are discussed in detail
.in the remainder of the section

Finding and analysis:

This section presents the results from the analysis of the
98 primary studies, based on the research questions listed
previously. The results represent the state of AI research
in IS and is based on the following (i) how AI is being
defined, (ii) study by year, (iii) publication channel, (iv)
research methods adopted, (v) type of contribution, (vi)
types of AI and (vii) the reported business value of AI .

Conclusion:
structured understanding of the state-of-the-art of AI
research in IS. This was achieved by identifying 98 primary
studies out of 1877 related AI articles over a fifteen-year
period (2005 – 2020) and analysed them with respect to (i)
definitions of AI, (ii) frequency of publication by year, (iii)
publication channels, (iv) research method and data
collection type, (v) contribution type, (vi) type of AI and
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(vii) business .value A clear finding emerging from this

systematic literature review is the need to (i) increase the
number of rigorous academic studies on AI, especially
regarding tools and models, (ii) be more detailed on the
definition of AI used in studies, even when it is not the
focus, and (iii) build on cumulative knowledge. Research
on AI in IS is still largely unexplored. While there is a
relatively sizable amount of literature concerning AI in
some way, a comprehensive review of what is known
about AI in IS is lacking. This is especially true for the way
AI is defined in IS, which is still disparate. This study
examines the body of knowledge about AI in IS. This work
has developed one of the very few SLRs on AI in IS and has
provided a structured analysis of trends and gaps in the
field. The study provides new insights to the field of IS
through the utilisation of conceptions of AI definition,
mapping activities to AI, and value relating to AI. We
identified gaps in knowledge in the context of AI research
and IS, which provides a starting point for IS researchers
and IS practitioners to advance the socio-technical
knowledge surrounding AI. Thus, we make a call for future
IS studies to examine AI, specifically to how AI is defined
in contemporary IS research .
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References:
Abubakar et al., 2019
A.M. Abubakar, E. Behravesh, H. Rezapouraghda, S.B. Y
ildiz
Applying artificial intelligence technique to predict
knowledge hiding behaviorInternational Journal of
Information Management, 49 (2019), pp. 45-
57ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle
Scholar
Agarwal et al., 2019 S. Agarwal, S. Kumar, U. Goel
Stock market response to information diffusion through
internet sources: A literature review International Journal
of Information
Management, 45 (2019), pp. 118-131
ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle
Scholar
Ali et al., 2018
O. Ali, A. Shrestha, J. Soar, S.F. Wamba
Cloud computing-enabled healthcare opportunities,
issues, and applications: A systematic review

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Professor: Amira.

Name and code:

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1- Do Echinacea 2- Learn about 7- goats who got

plant effect on goat goats, Echinacea Echinacea their milk
milk in good way? and goats diet? has more protein,
fats and healthier.
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3- Hypothesis (if 4- Experiment on

goats are given two groups
Echinacea then their (group 1 gets
milk 🥛 is more Echinacea and
useful? group 2 doesn’t
get Echinacea)
5- Results on goats 6- Hypothesis is
and goats milk correct

Scientific Thinking _ Project

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Name and code:

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Big Data Analytics .

Date of Research Paper · May 2022

Habiba Khalid
Computers & AI college🖥
University of BS, EGYPT
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Big Data Analytics.

Habiba khalid
UNIVERSITY OF BS, EGYPT.

ABSTRACT
In the information era, enormous amounts of data have
become available on hand to decision makers. Big data
refers to datasets that are not only big, but also high in
variety and velocity, which makes them difficult to handle
using traditional tools and techniques. Due to the rapid
growth of such data, solutions need to be studied and
provided in order to handle and extract value and
knowledge from these datasets. Furthermore, decision
makers need to be able to gain valuable insights from
such varied and rapidly changing data, ranging from daily
transactions to customer interactions and social network
da- ta. Such value can be provided using big data
analytics, which is the application of advanced analytics
techniques on big data. This paper aims to analyze some
of the different analytics methods and tools which can be
applied to big data, as well as the opportunities provided
by the application of big data
analytics in various decision domains.

INTRODUCTION
Big Data is a collection of data that is huge in volume, yet
growing exponentially with time. It is a data with so large
size and complexity that none of traditional data
management tools can store it or process it efficiently.
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Big data is also a data but with huge size In today’s world,
social applications are extensively used. It results in rapid data
[Link] social media platforms, billions of users
connect daily, users share information, upload images,
videos, and many more. This rising Big Data is not an
overhead anymore. Companies are using this it to achieve
growth and defeat their [Link] arises the
question of why Big Data is important for companies and What is its
importance? The article first explains what is Big Data.
Then we will see its importance. We will learn why
companies are adopting these technologies to analyze
and store vast amounts of
Data.[1]

LITERATURE REVIEW
In the literature there is a great variety of papers
proposing approaches for big data such as Malla Malla
Reddy Engineering college of [Link] UMAR [2] that
discussing However, as with many things in life, we often
don’t know the data that will best help us with the decision in
front of us. In these situations, we often resort to
filtering: The process of selectively eliminating the data
that are not relevant to our decision.
Although the implementation of search and filter
technology are quite different, they essentially solve the
same problem. At the abstract level, they narrow the data
down to a much smaller set that is relevant to our
decision. With search, we do it by finding and retrieving
the relevant data directly; whereas in filter, we do it by
successively removing the irrelevant data, leaving behind
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the relevant pieces. Because search is very efficient, we

can start with a blank page like Google’s home page and then
populate it with more and more relevant data through
query refinement. Filtering is less efficient, because it
often require showing samples from the entire data set
for the user to filter upon in order to remove the
irrelevant data. That is, the user has to look through the
sample data to determine what’s irrelevant. Therefore, true
filtering functions are rarely applied to very large data
sets at the web scale.
And Big Data Analytics: A Literature Review Paper [3] that
discussing although Big Data Analytics Tools and
Methods
With the evolution of technology and the increased
multitudes of data flowing in and out of organizations
daily, there has become a need for faster and more
efficient ways of analyzing such data. Having piles of
data on hand is
no longer enough to make efficient decisions at
the right time.
Such data sets can no longer be easily analyzed with
traditional data management and analysis techniques
and infrastructures. Therefore, there arises a need for
new tools and methods specialized for big data analytics,
as well as the required architec- tures for storing and
managing such data. Accordingly, the emergence of big
data has an effect on everything from the data itself and
its collection, to the processing, to the final extracted
decisions.
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METHODOLOGY SECTION
Big Data initiatives were rated as “extremely important” to 93% of companies.
Leveraging a Big Data analytics solution helps organizations to
unlock the strategic values and take full advantage of
their assets [4].
It helps organizations:
• To understand Where, When and Why their
customers buy
• Protect the company’s client base with improved loyalty
programs
• Seizing cross-selling and upselling opportunities
• Provide targeted promotional information
• Optimize Workforce planning and operations
• Improve inefficiencies in the company’s supply chain
• Predict market trends
• Predict future needs
• Make companies more innovative and competitive
• It helps companies to discover new sources of
revenue

Companies are using Big Data to know what their

customers want, who are their best customers, why
people choose different products. The more a company
knows about its customers, the more competitive it
becomes.
We can use it with Machine Learning for creating market
strategies based on predictions about customers.
Leveraging big data makes companies customer-centric.
Companies can use Historical and real-time data to assess
evolving consumers’ preferences. This consequently enables
businesses to improve and update their marketing
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strategies which make companies more responsive to

customer needs.

FINDINGS/RESULTS
Let us now explore the reason why Big data is important?

Big Data importance doesn’t revolve around the amount of data a

company has. Its importance lies in the fact that how the
company utilizes the gathered data.
Every company uses its collected data in its own way.
More effectively the company uses its data, more rapidly
it grows.
The companies in the present market need to collect it
and analyze it because:
1. Cost Savings

Big Data tools like Apache Hadoop, Spark, etc. bring cost-
saving benefits to businesses when they have to store
large amounts of data. These tools help organizations in
identifying more effective ways of doing business.
2. Time-Saving

Real-time in-memory analytics helps companies to collect

data from various sources. Tools like Hadoop help them to
analyze data immediately thus helping in making quick
decisions based on the learnings.
3. Understand the market conditions

Big Data analysis helps businesses to get a better

understanding of market situations.
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For example, analysis of customer purchasing behavior

helps companies to identify the products sold most and
thus produces those products accordingly. This helps
companies to get ahead of their competitors. [4]
4. Social Media Listening

Companies can perform sentiment analysis using Big

Data tools. These enable them to get feedback about their
company, that is, who is saying what about the company.
Companies can use Big data tools to improve their online
presence.
5. Boost Customer Acquisition and Retention

Customers are a vital asset on which any business

depends on. No single business can achieve its success
without building a robust customer base. But even with a
solid customer base, the companies can’t ignore the competition in the
market.
If we don’t know what our customers want then it will degrade
companies’ success. It will result in the loss of clientele which creates
an adverse effect on business growth.

Big data analytics helps businesses to identify customer

related trends and patterns. Customer behavior analysis
leads to a profitable business.
6. Solve Advertisers Problem and Offer Marketing Insights

Big data analytics shapes all business operations. It

enables companies to fulfill customer expectations. Big
data analytics helps in changing the company’s product line. It ensures
powerful marketing campaigns.
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7. The driver of Innovations and Product Development

Big data makes companies capable to innovate and

redevelop their products.
Real-Time Benefits of Big Data

Big Data analytics has expanded its roots in all the fields.
This results in the use of Big Data in a wide range of
industries including Finance and Banking, Healthcare,
Education, Government, Retail, Manufacturing, and many
more.
There are many companies like Amazon, Netflix, Spotify,
LinkedIn, Swiggy,etc which use big data analytics.
Banking sectors make the maximum use of Big Data
Analytics. Education sector is also using data analytics to
enhance students’ performance as well as making teaching easier for
instructors.
Big Data analytics help retailers from traditional to
ecommerce to understand customer behaviour and
recommend products as per customer interest. This helps
them in developing new and improved products which
help the firm enormously.
Two of the most popular open-source big data frameworks
are Scala and Hadoop. Programming languages play a significant
role in big data analytics as well. For instance, the big
data framework Hadoop is implemented in Java, while
MapReduce applications can be written in Python, C++, or
R.
Big data is mainly collected through search engines, social
media platforms, mobile phones, service networks, public
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records, and connected devices like smart televisions.

There are also other sources of information businesses
can access to retrieve big data.
After collection, huge datasets may be placed in a
structured, unstructured, or semi-structured database for
further processing and analysis. NoSQL Databases are often
used to store big data as they provide high performance
in processing large data sets at a massive scale. [5]

CONCLUSION
In this paper we have introduced the Big Data
Analytics and it’s pros & cons so, We can conclude that Big Data
helps companies to make informed decisions, understand
their customer desires.
This analysis helps companies to achieve rapid growth by
analyzing the real-time data. It allows companies to
defeat their competitors and achieve success.
Big Data technologies help us to understand inefficiency
and opportunities in our company. It plays a major role in
shaping the organization’s growth.[4]
The accessibility of Huge Information, low-cost product
equipment, and unused data administration and
explanatory program have delivered a one of a kind
minute within the history of information examination. The
meeting of these patterns implies that we have the
capabilities required to analyze surprising information
sets quickly and cost-effectively for the primary time in
history. These capabilities are not one or the other
hypothetical nor unimportant. They speak to a veritable
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jump forward and a clear opportunity to realize gigantic

picks up in terms of productivity, efficiency, income, and
profitability. The Age of Huge Information is here, and
these are really progressive times in the event that both
trade and innovation experts proceed to work together
and provide on the promise.

REFERENCES
[1] [Link] -big-data/

[2] [Link]
6895_A_Study_on_Big_Data_and_its_Importance

[3] [Link]
5968_Big_Data_Analytics_A_Literature_Review_P aper
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[4] [Link]

[5] [Link]