ME 440
Intermediate Vibrations
Th, January 29, 2009
Section 1.11
© Dan Negrut, 2009
ME440, UW-Madison
Before we get started…
n Last Time:
n Discussed about periodic functions
n Covered the Fourier Series Expansion
n Went through one example
n Today:
n Covering material out of 1.11
n Fourier Series Expansion, Complex Representation
n Three more examples
n HW Assigned:
n 1.68 and 2.35 out of the book
n NOTE: last time meeting in this room.
n We’ll to 3126ME starting on Feb. 3 (next lecture)
2
A Note on HW Problem
n One of the problems assigned last time:
n Problem 1.66
n Doesn’t explicitly indicate what the expression of f(t)
is
n Only shows a plot of it.
n Please work with following expression for f(t):
3
New Topic:
Frequency Spectrum
n Recall the concept of fundamental frequency:
n By inspection of the terms in Fourier expansion, you notice that as n increases, the
harmonic functions display gradually increasing oscillation frequencies.
n Frequency Spectrum: The plot of an and bn versus n
n It shows how the amplitude of the harmonics entering the Fourier expansion changes
as n increases
n Recall the discussion we had: as n increases (and therefore the oscillation frequency
increases), I expect the frequency spectrum to be approaching the zero axis. Why?
4
Frequency Spectrum (Cntd)
n Example of Frequency Spectrum
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Frequency Spectrum (Cntd)
n Note that Frequency Spectrum can be also provided in the form Xn & qn, instead of an and bn.
Use transformation to move back and forth between these two representations
Example 1
Example 2
6
Example 2.
n Determine the Fourier expansion of the periodic function below
n Plot its frequency spectrum
f(t)
-T
0 T 2T 3T 4T t
7
New Topic:
Fourier Expansion using Complex Notation
n Two important identities:
n Therefore, Fourier expansion becomes
n Recall that w=2p/t and rewrite as
8
Fourier Expansion using Complex Notation (Cntd)
n Introduce notation:
n Fourier expansion becomes
n Revisit computation of cn
9
Fourier Expansion using Complex Notation (Cntd)
n Similarly,
n In conclusions, all the coefficient cn are computer as
n Legitimate question
n If you have cn, how do you compute an and bn?
n In particular, note that
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Example n Find the complex form of the Fourier series of
the function whose definition in one period is
3
Periodic Function
exp(-t)
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 2 4 6
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Example: Preamble
n The propeller and long steel shaft systems of large ships are susceptible to vibration
problems. One source of axial excitation contributing to the vibration of such
systems is the generation of pulse-type forces F(t) that result from a propeller blade
passing the restricted area between the propeller and the hull of the ship. Consider
that the axial forcing function F(t) can be represented by the rectangular pulse train
shown on next slide in which
60
t =
R ¥ number of propeller blades
and R is the rpm of the propeller at cruising speed. Use the a series expansion to
determine whether a three- or four-bladed propeller should be used to avoid
undesirable vibration if the following data pertain:
n R = 325 rpm
n d0 = 20 in. (outside diameter of shaft)
n di = 10 in. (inside diameter of shaft)
n L =175 ft (length of shaft)
n E = 30(106) psi (modulus of elasticity of steel)
n w = 490 lb/ft3 (specific weight of steel)
n W = 22,500 lb (weight of either a three- or four-bladed propeller)
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Example
n Determine the Fourier expansion for the following function:
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Begin Chapter 2
Free Vibration of
Single Degree of Freedom Systems
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