MODULE 5

SYLLABUS
• Common disaster types in India
• Legislations in India on disaster management
• National disaster management policy
• Institutional arrangements for disaster management in India.
• The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction- targets
• Priorities for action
• Guiding principles
COMMON DISASTER TYPES IN INDIA
Water and Climate related disasters

• Floods and drainage management

• Cyclones
• Tornadoes and Hurricanes
• Hailstorms
• Cloud burst
• Heat wave and Cold wave
• Snow avalanches
• Droughts
• Sea erosion
• Thunder and lighting
• Tsunami
Geological related disasters
• Landslides and mudflows
• Earthquakes
• Dam failure/Dam bursts
• Mine disasters
Accident related disasters
• Forest fires
• Urban fires
• Mine flooding
• Oil spills
• Major building collapse
• Serial bomb blasts
• Festival related disasters
• Electrical disasters and fires
• Air, road and rail accidents
• Boat Capsizing
• Village fire
Biological related disasters
• Biological disasters and epidemics
• Pest attacks
• Cattle epidemics
• Food poisoning
Others..
• Chemical and industrial disasters
• Nuclear disasters
LEGISLATIONS IN INDIA ON DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
RESPONSIBILITIES

• Primary responsibility of disaster management rests with the States.

• The Central Government supports the efforts of State Governments

• Financial Support
• Logistical Support
Central DM Division
• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
• National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
• National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
• Directorate General of Fire Services
• Home Guards
• Civil Defence
• Armed Forces
Overall Responsibilities
• Capacity building
• Prevention
• Mitigation
• Response
• Long term rehabilitation.
Major responsibilities
• Resource mobilization for relief and response
• Operation of control room and situation reports
• Multi-hazard Early Warning Systems
• National Disaster Response Fund
• Response, preparedness, prevention, mitigation and Capacity building
• International cooperation in disaster management
• Post-disaster/long term rehabilitation and reconstruction
• All administrative and budget matters related to NDMA, NDRF and
NIDM
• Strengthening of fire and emergency services
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY
Vision
• To build a safe and disaster resilient India

• By developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster oriented and technology

driven strategy
• Through a culture of prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response.
Disaster Management
• Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
• Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or
consequences.
• Capacity building including research and knowledge management.
• Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
• Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
• Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.
• Evacuation, rescue and relief.
• Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Objectives
• Promoting a culture of prevention, preparedness and resilience at all
levels through knowledge, innovation and education.
• Encouraging mitigation measures based on technology, traditional
wisdom and environmental sustainability.
• Mainstreaming disaster management into the developmental
planning process.
• Establishing institutional and techno-legal frame works to create an
enabling regulatory environment and a compliance regime.
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR DM
Disaster Management Act, 2005

• The Act lays down institutional, legal, financial and coordination

mechanisms at the national, state, district and local levels.

• These institutions will work in close harmony.

Institutional Framework under the DM Act
• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
• The National Executive Committee (NEC)
• State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)
• District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
• Local Authorities
• National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
• National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

• The NDMA, as the apex body for disaster management, is headed by the Prime
Minister and has the responsibility for laying down policies, plans and guidelines
for DM (and coordinating their enforcement and implementation for ensuring
timely and effective response to disasters) .
• The guidelines will assist the Central Ministries, Departments and States to
formulate their respective DM plans.
• It will approve the National Disaster Management and DM plans of the Central
Ministries/Departments
Continued..

• It will oversee the provision and application of funds for mitigation

and preparedness measures.

• NDMA has the power to authorize the Departments or authorities

concerned, to make emergency procurement of provisions or materials
for rescue and relief in a threatening disaster situation or disaster.
Continued..
• The NDMA is mandated to deal with all types of disasters, natural or man-made.
• Terrorism (counter-insurgency)
• Law and order situation
• Serial bomb blasts
• Hijacking, air accidents, Chemical, Biological
• Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) weapon systems
• Mine disasters, ports and harbor emergencies
• Forest fires, oil field fires, and oil spills.
Continued..
• Formulate guidelines and facilitate training and preparedness activities in respect of
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) emergencies.

• Cross cutting themes like medical preparedness, psycho-social care and trauma,
community based disaster preparedness, information & communication technology,
training, preparedness, awareness generation etc. for natural and manmade
disasters will also engage the attention of NDMA in partnership with the
stakeholders concerned.
The National Executive Committee
• Comprises the Union Home Secretary as the Chairperson, and the Secretaries to
the GOI in the Ministries/Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defense,
Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, Finance (Expenditure), Health,
Power, Rural Development, Science and Technology, Space, Telecommunications,
Urban Development, Water Resources and the Chief of the Integrated Defense
Staff of the Chiefs of Staff Committee as members.

• Secretaries in the Ministry of External Affairs, Earth Sciences, Human Resource

Development, Mines, Shipping, Road Transport & Highways and Secretary,
NDMA will be special invitees to the meetings of the NEC.
Continued..
• The NEC is the executive committee of the NDMA, and is mandated to assist the NDMA
in the discharge of its functions and also ensure compliance of the directions issued by
the Central Government.
• NEC is to coordinate the response in the event of any threatening disaster situation or
disaster.
• NEC will prepare the National Plan for Disaster Management based on the National
Policy on Disaster Management.
• NEC will monitor the implementation of guidelines issued by NDMA.
• It will also perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Central
Government in consultation with the NDMA.
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)
• State level, the SDMA, headed by the Chief Minister, will lay down policies and plans
for DM in the State.
• Guidelines laid down by the NDMA
• Coordinate the implementation of the State Plan
• Recommend provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness measures
• Review the developmental plans
• The State Government shall constitute a State Executive Committee (SEC) to assist
the SDMA in the performance of its functions.
• The SEC will be headed by the Chief Secretary to the State Government and
coordinate and monitor the implementation of the National Policy, the National
Plan and the State Plan.
District Disaster Management Authority
(DDMA)
• District Collector, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate

• Elected representative of the local authority as the Co-Chairperson.

• DDMA will act as the planning, coordinating and implementing body for DM at District level and
take all necessary measures for the purposes of DM in accordance with the guidelines laid down by
the NDMA and SDMA.

• DM plan for the district and monitor the implementation of the National Policy, the State Policy, the
National Plan, the State Plan and the District Plan.

• DDMA will also ensure that the guidelines for prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response
measures laid down by the NDMA and the SDMA are followed by all Departments of the State
Government at the District level and the local authorities in the district.
Local authorities
• For the purpose of this policy, local authorities would include Panchayat Raj Institutions
(PRI), Municipalities, District and Cantonment Boards and Town Planning Authorities which
control and manage civic services.

• These bodies will ensure capacity building of their officers and employees for managing
disasters, carry out relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in the affected areas
and will prepare DM Plans in consonance with guidelines of the NDMA, SDMAs and DDMAs.

• Specific institutional framework for dealing with disaster management issues in mega cities
will be put in place.
 National Institute of Disaster Management
(NIDM)
• The NIDM, in partnership with other research institutions has capacity
development as one of its major responsibilities, along with training, research,
documentation and development of a national level information base.
• It will network with other knowledge-based institutions. and function within the
broad policies and guidelines laid down by the NDMA.
• It will organize training of trainers, DM officials and other stakeholders.
• The NIDM will strive to emerge as a ‘Centre of Excellence’ in the field of Disaster
Management.
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

• For the purpose of specialized response to a threatening disaster

situation or disasters/emergencies

• Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear origin

• Direction and control of this force-NDMA

• Central Government as the Director General of Civil Defense and

National Disaster Response Force
Continued..
• At present, National Disaster Response Force consist of 15 battalions from the BSF, CISF, CRPF, ITBP, SSB
and Assam Rifles. Each battalion have 18 self-contained specialist search and rescue teams of 45 personnel
each including engineers, technicians, electricians, dog squads and medical/paramedics.

• The total strength of each battalion is 1,149. All the 15 battalions have been equipped and trained to respond
natural as well as man-made disasters.

• Battalions are also trained and equipped for response during chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear
(CBRN) emergencies.
Other Important Institutional Arrangements
• Armed Forces
• Central Para Military Forces
• State Police Forces and Fire Services
• Civil Defense and Home Guards
• State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)
• Role of National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS) and
Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS)
 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
2015-2030
• The Framework was adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster
Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015.

• It aims to achieve the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in

lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural
and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries
over the next 15 years.
The seven global targets are:
1. Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower the average per 100,000
global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005– 2015

2. Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the
average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015

3. Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by
2030

4. Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services,
among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by
2030
Continued..
5. Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster
risk reduction strategies by 2020

6. Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through

adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for
implementation of the present Framework by 2030

7. Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning

systems and disaster risk information and assessments to people by 2030
Priorities for action
• Understanding disaster risk.

• Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk.

• Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience.

• Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build

Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Guiding principles
1. Each State has the primary responsibility to prevent and reduce disaster risk, including through international,
regional, sub regional, trans boundary and bilateral cooperation.

2. Disaster risk reduction requires that responsibilities be shared by central Governments and relevant national
authorities, sectors and stakeholders, as appropriate to their national circumstances and systems of governance

3. Managing the risk of disasters is aimed at protecting persons and their property, health, livelihoods and
productive assets, as well as cultural and environmental assets, while promoting and protecting all human rights,
including the right to development
Continued..
4. Disaster risk reduction requires an all-of-society engagement and partnership. It
also requires empowerment and inclusive, accessible and non discriminatory
participation, paying special attention to people disproportionately affected by
disasters, especially the poorest.
A gender, age, disability and cultural perspective should be integrated in all policies
and practices, and women and youth leadership should be promoted.
In this context, special attention should be paid to the improvement of organized
voluntary work of citizens.
5. Disaster risk reduction and management depends on coordination mechanisms within and across
sectors and with relevant stakeholders at all levels, and it requires the full engagement of all State
institutions of an executive and legislative nature at national and local levels and a clear articulation
of responsibilities across public and private stakeholders, including business and academia, to ensure
mutual outreach, partnership, complementarity in roles and accountability and follow-up.

6. While the enabling, guiding and coordinating role of national and federal State Governments
remain essential, it is necessary to empower local authorities and local communities to reduce
disaster risk, including through resources, incentives and decision-making responsibilities, as
appropriate.
[Link] risk reduction requires a multi-hazard approach and inclusive risk-
informed decision-making based on the open exchange and dissemination of
disaggregated data, including by sex, age and disability, as well as on easily
accessible, up-to-date, comprehensible, science-based, non-sensitive risk
information, complemented by traditional knowledge.

8. The development, strengthening and implementation of relevant policies, plans,

practices and mechanisms need to aim at coherence, as appropriate, across
sustainable development and growth, food security, health and safety, climate
change and variability, environmental management and disaster risk reduction
agendas. Disaster risk reduction is essential to achieve sustainable development;
9. While the drivers of disaster risk may be local, national, regional or
global in scope, disaster risks have local and specific characteristics that
must be understood for the determination of measures to reduce disaster
risk.

[Link] underlying disaster risk factors through disaster risk-

informed public and private investments is more cost-effective than
primary reliance on post-disaster response and recovery, and contributes
to sustainable development