Programming Fundamentals

Reference Document for Python Syntax

 CONTENTS

CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................................................. ii
Reference Document for Python Syntax .................................................................................................................................... 1
[Link] ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1
[Link] STATEMENT ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
[Link]....................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3.1. IF ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
3.2. IF ELSE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
3.3. ELIF LADDER .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
3.4. NESTED IF................................................................................................................................................................ 3
[Link] ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.1. WHILE LOOP ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.2. FOR LOOP ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
[Link] ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4
[Link] ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5
[Link] .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
7.1. APPEND .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
7.2. INSERT ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
7.3. POP ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
7.4. REMOVE .................................................................................................................................................................. 6
7.5. SORT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.6. REVERSE .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
7.7. SLICE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7
[Link] ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
[Link] ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
[Link] ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
10.1. STRING ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
10.2. RANDOM ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
10.3. TIME........................................................................................................................................................................ 9
10.4. MATH...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
[Link] .................................................................................................................................................................. 10
11.1. TRY-EXCEPT ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
11.2. TRY-EXCEPT-FINALLY ..................................................................................................................................... 11
[Link] .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
12.1. POSITIONAL ARGUMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 12
12.2. KEYWORD ARGUMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 12
12.3. DEFAULT ARGUMENTS.................................................................................................................................... 13
 12.4. VARIABLE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS ......................................................................................................... 13
[Link] SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
13.1. GLOBAL VARIABLE .......................................................................................................................................... 14
13.2. LOCAL VARIABLE ............................................................................................................................................. 14
[Link] ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
[Link] HANDLING .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
15.1. OPENING A FILE ................................................................................................................................................. 15
15.2. CLOSING A FILE ................................................................................................................................................. 15
15.3. WRITING INTO A FILE ...................................................................................................................................... 16
15.4. READING FROM A FILE .................................................................................................................................... 16
[Link] EXPRESSIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 17
[Link] EXPRESSIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 17
[Link] .................................................................................................................................................................. 17
 Reference document for Python syntax

Reference Document for Python Syntax

1. VARIABLE
Syntax:

variable_name = value

Example:

foo = 2
foo_bar="hello world"

2. PRINT STATEMENT

Syntax:

print(value/variable)

Example:

print("Foo Bar")

3. SELECTION
3.1. IF

Syntax:

if(condition):
#block of statements

Example:

if(foo<3):
print("foo is less than 3")

Page 1 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

3.2. IF ELSE

Syntax:

if(condition):
#block of statements
else:
#block of statements

Example:

if(foo > 3):

print("foo is greater than 3")
else:
print("foo is less than 3")

3.3. ELIF LADDER

Syntax:

if(condition):
#block of statements
elif(condition):
#block of statements
else:
#block of statements

Example:

if(foo == 1):
print("foo equals 1")
elif(foo == 2):
print("foo equals 2")
else:
print("foo value is other than 1 and 2")

Page 2 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

3.4. NESTED IF

Syntax:

if(condition):
#block of statements
if(condition):
#block of statements
else:
#block of statements
else:
#block of statements

Example:

if(foo > 0):

if(foo > 30):
print("foo is greater than 30")
else:
print("foo is not greater than 30")
else:
print("foo is not greater than 0")

4. ITERATION

4.1. WHILE LOOP

Syntax:

while(condition):
#block of statements

Example:

foo = 2
while(foo<=5):
print(foo)
foo = foo+1

Page 3 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

4.2. FOR LOOP

Syntax-1:

for <variable> in <sequence>:

#block of statements

Example-1:

for number in 1,2,3,4,5:

print(number)

Syntax-2:

for number in range(x,y):

#block of statements

Example-2:

foo_bar=('Apple','Banana','Mango')
for index in range(0,len(foo_bar)):
print(foo_bar[index])

5. BREAK

Syntax:

break

Example:

for letter in "PYTHON":

if(letter == "H"):
break
print(letter)

Page 4 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

6. CONTINUE

Syntax:

continue

Example:

for letter in "PYTHON":

if(letter == "H"):
continue
print(letter)

7. LIST

Syntax:

sample_list= []

Example:

foo_bar= [1,2,3,4]

7.1. APPEND

Syntax:

sample_list.append(element)

Example:

foo_bar= [1,2,3,4]
foo_bar.append(5)

Page 5 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

7.2. INSERT

Syntax:

sample_list.insert(index_position,element)

Example:

foo_bar= [1,2,3,4]
foo_bar.insert(3,6)

7.3. POP

Syntax:

sample_list.pop(index)

Example:

foo_bar= [1,2,3,4]
foo_bar.pop(3)

7.4. REMOVE

Syntax:

sample_list.remove(element)

Example:

foo_bar= [1,2,3,4]
foo_bar.remove(4)

Page 6 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

7.5. SORT

Syntax:

sample_list.sort()

Example:

foo_bar= [1,2,3,4]
foo_bar.sort()

7.6. REVERSE

Syntax:

sample_list.reverse()

Example:

foo_bar= [1,2,3,4]
foo_bar.reverse()

7.7. SLICE

Syntax:

sample_list.slice[start_position:end_position]

Example:

foo_bar= [1,2,3,4]
foo_bar[1:3]

8. TUPLE

Syntax:

tuple_name=(value1,value2,…value n)

Page 7 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

Example:

foo=("Moto","Apple","Sony")

9. DICTIONARY

Syntax:

#Dictionary declaration
dict_name={key1:value1, key2:value2,…. key n:value n}

#Dictionary value updating

dict_name.update(dict_name1)

#Getting the value for a given key

dict_name.get(key1)

Example:

foo={"Name":"Maddy","Age":18}
print([Link]("Name"))
foo_bar={"Address":"India"}
[Link](foo_bar)

10. LIBRARIES

10.1. STRING

Syntax:

[Link]("count_of_string_to_find")
[Link]("old_string","new_string")
[Link]("string_to_find")
[Link]("string_to_match")
variable. endswith("string_to_match")
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]("string_based_on_split")
variable[start_position:end_position]

Example:

foo="I love python"

Page 8 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

[Link]("o")
[Link]("l","L")
[Link]("python")
[Link]("I")
foo. endswith("on")
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link](" ")
foo[1:4]

10.2. RANDOM

Syntax:

import random
[Link](lower_limit,upper_limit)

Example:

import random
[Link](10,50)

10.3. TIME

Syntax:

import time
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]

Example:

import time
print([Link]())
print([Link]())
print([Link])

10.4. MATH

Syntax:

Page 9 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

import math
[Link](decimal_value)
[Link](decimal_value)
[Link](value)
[Link](decimal_value)

Example:

import math
print([Link](9.6))
print([Link](9.6))
print([Link](5))
print([Link](9.6))

11. EXCEPTION

11.1. TRY-EXCEPT

Syntax:

try:
#block of statements
except:
#If there is any exception, then execute this block

Example:

try:
foo = 100/0
except:
print("Number cannot be divisible by 0")

Page 10 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

11.2. TRY-EXCEPT-FINALLY

Syntax:

try:
#block of statements
except:
#If there is any exception, then execute this block
finally:
#This would always be executed

Example:

try:
foo = 100/0
except:
print("Number cannot be divisible by 0")

finally:
print("Program is terminating")

12. FUNCTION
Syntax:

def function_name(parameters):# Function declaration

#function body
[return]

function_name(values) # Function call

Example:

def sum(foo,foo_bar):
print(foo+foo_bar)

sum(5,5)

Page 11 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

12.1. POSITIONAL ARGUMENTS

Syntax:

def function_name(parameter1,parameter2):
#function body
[return]

function_name(value1,value2)

Example:

def sum(foo,foo_bar):
print(foo+foo_bar)

sum(10,10)

12.2. KEYWORD ARGUMENTS

Syntax:

def function_name(parameter1,parameter2):
#function body
[return]

function_name(parameter1=value1,parameter2=value2)

Example:

def sum(foo,foo_bar):
print(foo+foo_bar)

sum(foo_bar=10,foo=5)
#(or)
sum(foo=5,foo_bar=10)

Page 12 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

12.3. DEFAULT ARGUMENTS

Syntax:

def function_name(parameter1,parameter2=value):
#Function body
[return]

function_name(value1)

Example:

def sum(foo,foo_bar=10):
print(foo+foo_bar)

sum(2)
#(or)
sum(2,4)

12.4. VARIABLE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS

Syntax:

def function_name(*variable_tuple):
#Function body
[return]

function_name(value1/value1,value2,…valuen)

Example:

def sum(*foo):
foo_bar=0
for i in foo:
foo_bar+=i
print(foo_bar)

sum(2,4,6)
#(or)
sum(1,2)

Page 13 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

13. VARIABLE SCOPE

13.1. GLOBAL VARIABLE

Syntax:

variable1=value #Global variable, can be accessible anywhere.

def function_name():
#function body
[return]

Example:

foo=100

def function1():
global foo
foo+=1

print(foo)
function1()
print(foo)

13.2. LOCAL VARIABLE

Syntax:

def function_name():
variable1=value #Local variable, can accessible only inside this function.

Example:

def function1():
foo=100
foo+=1
print(foo)

function1()
print(foo) #This statement will give an error as variable,foo is local to
function1

Page 14 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

14. PACKAGE

Syntax:

from packagename import modulename

#(or)
import [Link]

Example:

from Flights import ManageFlights

#(or)
import [Link]

15. FILE HANDLING

15.1. OPENING A FILE

Syntax:

file = open(file_name [,access_mode])

Example:

sample_file=open([Link],r)

15.2. CLOSING A FILE

Syntax:

close(file_name)

Example:

close([Link])

Page 15 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

15.3. WRITING INTO A FILE

Syntax:

[Link](string)

Example:

sample_file.write("Welcome to files…")

15.4. READING FROM A FILE

Syntax:

[Link]()

Example:

sample_file.read()

16. REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

Example:

[Link](r"come","Welcome")
Output: come

[Link](r"c..e","Welcome")
Output: come

[Link](r"c\dme","Welc0me")
Output: c0me

[Link](r"W[0-9]e","W2elcome")
Output: W2e

[Link](r"Wel|Fel","Welcome")
Output: Wel

[Link](r"Welcome\s","Welcome to Regular Expression")

Output: Welcome #Will check whether space is there after "Welcome"

[Link](r"e$","Welcome")
Output: e

[Link](r"^W","Welcome")
Output: W

[Link](r"Felcome",r"Welcome","Felcome to Regular Expression")

Output: Welcome to Regular Expression

Page 16 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

17. LAMBDA EXPRESSIONS

Syntax:

lambda_name = lambda variable 1, variable 2,…variable n : lambda_operation

Example:

sum = lambda foo, foo_bar : foo + foo_bar

print(sum(3,3))

18. ITERATORS

Example:

'''
printing list data
'''
list=[10,2,100,5]

for i in range(0,len(list)):
print(list[i])

print("--------------------")

'''
printing list data
'''
list=[10,2,100,5]
for i in range(0,len(list)):
print(list[i])

print("--------------------")

'''
printing characters of string
'''
name="INFORMATION"
for char in name:
print(char)

Page 17 of 18
 Reference document for Python syntax

'''
printing characters of string
'''
name="INFORMATION"
for char in " INFORMATION":
print(char)

dict={"a":100,"b":500,"c":300}

'''
get all keys from the dictionory
'''
list=[Link]()
print(list)

dict={"a":100,"b":500,"c":300}

'''
iterating through the dictionary
'''

for key in dict:

print(key)
print(dict[key])

dict={"a":100,"b":500,"c":300}

'''
iterating through the dictionary using .items()
'''

for key,value in [Link]():

print(key,value)

Page 18 of 18