PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research

Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities

FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

Unit III – TOPIC – POINT

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 1

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 2

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 3

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 4

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

Answer the following

1. Show that (2,4) ,(2,6),( 2 + √ , 5) form equilateral triangle

2. Prove that (0,0),(1,2),(2,1) form isosceles triangle
3. Prove that (4,4),(3,5) and (-1, -1) form a right angle triangle.
4. If (k, 2 - 2k), (- k+1,2k),(- 4 – k , 6 – 2k) are collinear then find k.

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 5

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

2) Show that (2,5),(0,3),(2,1),(4,3) are form square

3) Prove that (3,-2),(7,6), (-1, 2) and (- 5, - 6) taken in order form a Rhombus
4) Are Points (8,4),(5,7),(-1,1) and (2,-2) form rectangle ?
5) Prove that (-3,1), (-6,-7), (3,-9) and (6,-1) taken in order form parallelogram
6) If A(2,3) , B(1,5), C(-1,2) and P(x,y) then find equation of P.
Where (PA)2 +(PB)2 = (PC)2

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 6

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

UNIT – III – TOPIC - LINE

Straight line Inclination and slope of a line, different forms of equations to a straight line
(i) Slope-intercept form (ii) Point-slope form (iii) Two-point form (iv) Intercept form.
General equation of a Straight line, Family of lines. Conditions for concurrency of lines.

1. General equation of a straight line : The linear relationship given by ax  by  c  0

between x and y represents a straight line. where a, b  R and a  b2  0
2

Parametric equation of straight line : x  tx2  (1  t ) x1 , y  ty 2  (1  t ) y1 , t  R

Cartesian equation of line :
x y 1
If A( x1 , y1 ), B( x 2 , y 2 ) then Cartesian equation of line is x1 x2 1  0
y1 y2 1
2. Slope of a straight line : If a straight line l makes an angle  with the positive direction of the
X-axis, then tan  is called the slope of the line l. If is denoted by m.
(i) if 0    90 0 , m is positive and 90 0    180 0 , m is negative.
(ii) if a line l is parallel to the X-axis, the slope of l is Zero. The slope of X-axis is also 0.
(iii) if a line l is parallel to the Y-axis, the slope of l is undefined.
(iv) if A( x1 , y1 ), B ( x 2 , y 2 ) are two distinct points on a line l ,then the slope of l is given by
y1  y 2
m , ( x1  x2 )
x1  x2
a coefficient of x
(v) The slope of the line ax  by  c  0 is given by m    
b coefficient of y
(vi) if A( x1 , y1 ), B ( x 2 , y 2 ) , C ( x 3 , y 3 ) are three points on a line l ,
then slope of AB = slope of BC .
Conversely, if slope of AB = slope of BC ,then A, B and C are collinear points.
(vii) Let m1 and m 2 be respectively the slopes of the lines l1 : a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and
a a
l 2 : a 2 x  b2 y  c 2  0 .Then m1   1 and m2   2
b1 b2
m1  m2
(a) If  is the angle between the l1 and l 2 ,then tan  
1  m1m2

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 7

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

a1 b1
(b) l1 l 2  m1  m2  
a2 b2
(c) l1  l 2  m1m 2  1  a1 a 2  b1b2  0
3. Intercepts made by a line on the axes : Suppose a straight line l intersects the X-axis in the
point A and the Y-axis in the point B. Then OA= x-intercept of the line l ,
OB= y-intercept of the line l and
AB = portion of the line l included between the axes= (OA) 2  (OB) 2
(i) If a line is parallel to the X-axis, it has on x-intercept.
(ii) If a line is parallel to the Y-axis, it has on y-intercept.

3. (iii) If a line passes through the origin, its both the intercepts are zero.
c cons tan t term
(iv) For the line ax  by  c  0 , x-intercept =  
a coefficientof x
c cons tan t term
y-intercept =  
b coefficientof y
 c   c
(v) The line ax  by  c  0 intersects the axes in the points   ,0  and  0, 
 a   b
4. Different forms of equations of a straight line :
(i) The equation of the X-axis is y = 0. (ii) The equation of the Y-axis is x = 0.
(iii) The equation of a line parallel to the X-axis is y = b.
(iv) The equation of a line parallel to the Y-axis is x = a.
(v) If the slope of a line is m and it cuts an intercept of length c on the Y-axis, the equation of the
line is y  mx  c .
(vi) If the slope of a line is m and it passes through the origin, the equation of the line is
y  mx .
m and it passes through the points ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y 2 ) , the
(vii) If the slope of a line is
x y 1
y  y1 x  x1
equation is  OR x1 y1 1  0 . (viii) If a line cuts intercepts of lengths ‘a’
y1  y 2 x1  x2
x2 y2 1
x y
and ‘b’ on the axes, its equation is given by  1
a b

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 8

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

EXAMPLES
1 Find slope, x intercept and y intercept of line
(a) 4x – 3y – 9 = 0 (b) 6y + 7x – 11 = 0
2 Find the equation of a line passing through ( 2, 3 ) and ( 3, -1 ).What is the slope?
3 Show that the two lines 7x + y – 1 = 0 and 21x + 3y + 2 = 0 are parallel
4 Show that the two lines 7x + y – 1 = 0 and 3x - 21y + 2 = 0 are perpendicular
5 If two lines 8x - 5y + 3 = 0 and 2x + ky + 2 = 0 are parallel then find k.
6 Two lines 4x - ky = 0 and -3x - 7y + 1 = 0 are perpendicular then find k.
7 If the slope of the line kx – 5y = 7 is 4 then find k
8 Find the equation of line passing through the point (4, 3) and parallel to the
line x + 5y + 3 = 0.
9 If theta is 45 degree then find slope of line
10 Find angle between two lines (i) x – y = 0 and x + y = 0 (ii) 2x + y = 1 and – x + 5y = 2
11 If x – intercept is 5 and y – intercept is 6 then find equation of line
12 Find equation line passing through ( 3, 9) and having slope 3/4.

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 9

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

UNIT – III – TOPIC - CIRCLE

Circle Definition, Equation of a circle with given center and radius, General form of equation of
circle, Equation of a circle when intercepts are given, circle passing through three points,
Equation of chord, Equations of tangents and normal at a point on a circle.
1. The Standard equation of a Circle : x 2  y 2  r 2 , where r is radius.
2. The center-radius form of the equation of a circle : If ( h, k ) is the center and r is the radius
2 2 2
of the circle, its equation is ( x  h)  ( y  k )  r
3. 2 2
General equation of circle : It is x  y  2 gx  2 fy  c  0, where g, f and c are

constant. The center of the circle is (  g , f ) and the radius of the circle is g2  f 2  c .
4. Equation of a circle in terms of the coordinates of the end-points of its diameter : If
A( x1 , y1 ), B ( x 2 , y 2 ) are end-points of a diameter of a circle, then the equation of the circle is
 x1  x2 y1  y2 
( x  x1 )( x  x 2 )  ( y  y1 )( y  y 2 )  0. The center of this circle is  ,  and
 2 2 
1
its radius is given by r ( x1  x2 ) 2  ( y1  y2 ) 2
2
5. If a circle passes through the origin and cuts intercepts of lengths ‘a’ and ‘b’ on the axes,
its equation is x 2  y 2  ax  by  0
6. The equation of the tangent at the point ( x1 , y1 ) on the circle x 2  y 2  r 2 is x1 x  y1 y  r 2 .
x y
The equation of the normal at this point is 
x1 y1
7. 2 2
The equation of the tangent at the point ( x1 , y1 ) on the circle x  y  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
is x1 x  y1 y  g ( x  x1 )  f ( y  y1 )  c  0 . The equation of the normal at this point is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  g y1  f

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 10

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

EXAMPLES

1 Find center and radius of the circle 4x2 + 4y2 + 8x -12y -3 = 0

2 Find center and radius of the circle 36x2 + 36y2 + 24x -36y -23 = 0
3 Find the equation of the circle passing through (7,-2) and having center (4,3).
4 Find the equation of the circle which is passing through the point (-2,5) and having
the equations of the diameters 2x +y -3 = 0 and x – 3y + 2 = 0.
5 Find the equation of the circle passing through (-7, 1) and having center origin.
6 Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (4,0) (0,4) and (0,0).
7 Find the equation of circle whose ends of a diameter are (1,2) and (4,5).
8 Find tangent and normal to the circle x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y – 1 = 0 at (3,6)

UNIT – III – TOPIC – PARABOLA

Different form of Parabola
1. y2 = 4ax 2. y2 = - 4ax 3. x2 = 4ay 4. x2 = - 4ay
Vertex : (0,0) Vertex : (0,0) Vertex : (0,0) Vertex : (0,0)
Focus : (a, 0) Focus : (- a, 0) Focus : (0, a) Focus : (0, - a)
Directrix : x+a = 0 Directrix : x - a = 0 Directrix : y+a = 0 Directrix : y - a = 0
LLR = 4a LLR = 4a LLR = 4a LLR = 4a
LLR = Length of Latus Rectum
Q. Find the vertex, focus, equation of directrix and LLR of following Parabola
(1) y2 = 16x (2) x2 = - 4y (3) y2 + 4x + 4y – 3 = 0 (4) x2 – 2x + 4y – 3 = 0

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 11

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

Extra Examples
Q.1 Find the equation of circle whose centre are
1. (a cos , a sin  ) & radius is a 2. (   , u  v) & radius is   u
Q.2 Obtain the equation of the circle which touches the x – axis and has its centre at the point
( 1 , -2 )
Q.3 Find the equation of the circle whose centre is the point ( 2 , - 7 ) and touches the line
x y5 0
Q.4 Find the co-ordinates of the centre and radius of the circle
(i) 4( x 2  y 2 )  10 x  5 y  5  0 (ii) 10( x 2  y 2 )  9 x  4 y  11  0
Q.5 Find the equation of the circle which passes through the point ( 0 , 2 ), ( 3 , 0 ) and (3 , 2 ).
Find the centre and radius also.
Q.6 Show that the point ( 1 , 1 ) lies inside the circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0
Q.5 Find the equation of circlewhose centre are
1. (2,3) having radius ‘7’ 2. (t  u , t  u ) having radius ‘t’.
Q.6 Find the co-ordinates of the centre and radius of the circle
(i) 3( x 2  y 2 )  9 x  7 y  15  0 (ii) 12( x 2  y 2 )  10 x  14 y  1  0
Q.7 Find the co-ordinates of the centre and radius of the circle
(i) 7( x 2  y 2 )  2 x  3 y  10  0 (ii) 6( x 2  y 2 )  7 x  3 y  10  0
Q.8 Find the equation of circlewhose centre are
1. (a sin  , b sin  ) with radius ‘ a  b ’ 2. (a  b, b) with radius ‘ a  b ’

1. Distance between A(1,1) and B(2,-1) is AB=______

(a) 5 (b) 25 (c) 5 (d) 15
2. Mid point of the points A(2,3) and B(4,7) is _______ (a)
(5,3) (b) (3,5) (c)(6,10) (d) (2,4)
3. If midpoint of line segment AB is (1,1) and B(4,3) then coordinate of A= _____
(a) (2,1) (b) (-2,-1) (c)(-2,1) (d) (2,-1)

4. Slope of line passing through points A(5,7) and B(2,1) is______

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1/2
5. Slope of line making an angle with positive direction of X- axis is _______
(a) √3 (b) √ (c) 1 (d) √
6. Slope of line 2 + 3 − 6 = 0____________
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/2 (c) -2/3 (d) -3/2

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 12

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

7. Slope of line 3Y-4=0 is __________

3 3
(a) .0 (b) (c) 1 (d) -
4 4
8. Slope of line parallel to the line 3 + 4 + 7 = 0 is________
(a) 4/3 (b) 7/4 (c) 4/7 (d) -3/4
9 Slope of line perpendicular to the line 5 − 7 + 3 = 0____________
(a) 5/7 (b) 7/5 (c)-7/5 (d) 7/3
10 X-intercept of line 2 + 3 − 4 = 0 ___________
(a) -2 (b) 2 (c) 4/3 (d) 1/2
11 Y-intercept of line 3 − 5 + 8 = 0 _______________
(a) -8/3 (b) 8/5 (c) 5/8 (d) 3/5
12 The perpendicular distance from the origin to the line 3x+4y-8=0 is ______
8 8
(a) 8 (b) (c) 4 (d)
25 25
1
13 equation of line passing through the origin and having slope is _______
2
(a) 2y=x (b) 2y=-x (c) x=2y (d) x=-2y
14 Centre of circle + =16 is____
(a) (1,1) (b) (0,0) (c) (4,4) (d) (4,0)
15 Radius of circle + =9 is____
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) NOT DEFINED
16 Equation of circle having centre (0,0) and radius 3 unit is____________
(a) X=3 (b) + =0 (c) + = 9 (d) X+Y=3

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 13

 PARUL UNIVERSITY - Faculty of Pharmacy Research
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
FIRST YEAR PHARMD PROGRAMME
Remedial Mathematics (08207131)

ASSIGNMENT

1 Prove that A(2, 3), B(4, 5) and C(x, 2) from right angled triangle. Find the value of x
2 Prove that (3, –2), (4, 3), (–1, 1) and (–2, –4) are the vertices of a parallelogram
3 Prove that (-2, –1), (5,- 4), (–1, -18) and (–8, –15) are the vertices of a rectangle
4 Prove that (2, 4), (2, –1), (-3, –1) and (-3, 4) are the vertices of a square
5 Let A(8, 6) and B(2, 4) be two fixes points. If a point P moves in such a way that AP
isalways perpendicular to BP, then find the locus of P.
6 Find the equation of locus of a moving point P which satisfies the equation PA2 + PB2
= 44, where A(–3, 2) and (3, –2)
7 Find the equation of a line passing through (3, 4) and (i) Parallel &perpendicular lar to the
line 3y- 2x = 1.

8 Find the equation of line passing through the point (4, 3) and perpendicular to the
line 4y – 3x+ 7 = 0.
9 Find the equation of line passing through the intersection of the lines x – y =7 and 2x
+ y = 11 and perpendicular to the line 3x - 4y = 7.
10 Find the equation of line passing through the intersection of the lines x – y = -1 and
3x + 4y = 5 and parallel to the line 5x + y = 1.
11 If A(5, 4) and B(-2, 0) are two points then find perpendicular bisector of line segment
AB.
12 Find equation of the tangent and the normal to the circle x2 + y2 - 2x +4y – 20 = 0 .at
the point (-2,2).

13 Find the equation of the tangent and the normal to the circle x2 + y2 – 2y -7 = 0 at the
point (2,3).
14 Find the vertex, focus, equation of directrix and LLR of following Parabola
(1) x2 = 6y (2) y2 = 12x (3) y2 – x + 4y + 5 = 0 (4) 3x2 – 9x + 5y – 2 = 0

PREPARED BY MR. HEMAL PATEL, PARUL POLYTECHNIC INSTIITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITY 14