IGCSE Transactional Writing Guide
IGCSE Transactional Writing Guide
l Writing
IGCSE Specifications
Paper 1 - Non-fiction and transactional
writing
Worth 60% final mark
Section B - Transactional Writing (30%)
- To inform
You will be given a choice of two tasks: You
- To explain only choose one.
- To review
- To argue Normally you will write:
- To persuade - An article
- To advise - A letter
- A speech
- A leaflet/brochure
- A review
Typical topics: school life, transport and travel, leisure activities, media.
Typical questions for a letter
A young person from another country is coming to spend a term at your
school. Write a letter to inform them about your school and what happens in
an ordinary day here.
Tips:
- Consider audience
- Write 4-6 paragraphs with clear connectors.
- Include letter beginning and ending.
- Make it interesting
Typical questions for an article
Write an article for your school newspaper or magazine explaining how you
make your decisions with regard to your IGCSE subjects.
Tips:
Tips:
- Try to engage the reader. Start with a bang.
- Your language may be teenager friendly
- Describe the overall quality and effect of the film/book, not a summary
- Give reasons for your opinions
- You may add a rating
- You may add sub-headings
‘The Da Vinci Code’ by Dan Brown
Having been told by friends about this ‘amazing new book’ they had just read I
thought it was time to read it. After months of telling everyone I would pick up the
book the next time I was in Waterstones, my sister handed her dog-eared copy to me
with the simple instruction ‘Read it.’
And thank God I did. This book really deserves all the hype it gets. A truly exciting
and unpredictable mystery plot combined with believable characters and lots of riddles
left me eager for more. I was also feeling pleased with myself as I found myself sussing
out the final two codes before the main characters did, not to speak of having
completed a six hundred page book. I even started telling all around me everything I’d
learned from the book, some of which may surprise the devout Christians among you (if
you choose to believe it of course).
My one moan about the novel is that it is too long. I’m not saying this out of sheer
laziness. This is coming from someone who read the new Harry Potter book in under
seven hours, and that was a monster of a book. It’s just that the book itself (hardback
copy anyway) is so heavy I ended up with wrist ache trying to hold the thing up. Having
said that you get a great sense of satisfaction when you’ve finished it.
Would I recommend it? Certainly. I loved this book, and while Mum and Dad
moaned at me ‘Do some revision’ as I read it, I could claim to be revising R.E. in the
process. Use those expiring book tokens Aunty Mabel sent you for Christmas and go
out and buy it. You’ll thank me for it later (and your wrists will be much stronger too).
Rating: 8/10
Typical questions
Writing to argue
Some experts believe that a school uniform creates more problems than it
solves, and should be abolished in schools.
Give your views on the topic, arguing either in favour or against school
uniform.
Tips:
- Present reasons with examples
- You don’t have to write your true opinion
- Make your arguments as convincing as possible
- You are giving one side, not a balanced arguement.
Writing to persuade
Write a speech persuading the school governors to redecorate your school.
Tips:
- Use persuasive language
- Use connectors
- Use evidence to support your points
- Persuade with intelligent use of language
- Ensure your tone is appropriate for your audience
- Keep thinking about the purpose of your speech
- Greet your audience and end with a farewell.
Writing to advise
Imagine you are an expert answering questions on a website. How would you
answer the following question?
- My fourteen year old daughter seems to spend all her time on social media. I
am really worried about her. How can I help her?
Tips:
As always, the language used will be suited to the audience, and generally
straightforward to make the information accessible to the widest possible
audience.
Tips:
‘Ace’ or ‘excellent’?
‘Would’ve’ or ‘would have’? ‘Don’t’ or ‘do not’?
Informal Semi
Formal
11 Kitty Mews, ‘Hi’- a casual and friendly
Bradford,
greeting
BD56 2BQ
01/09/2016.
• ‘Love from’- an affectionate
signoff.
• 34 Ginger Lane,
Calling the recipient ‘hon’ and wishing
her/his family well gives the letter a
•Hi hon, Leeds, personal and affectionate tone.
• Hope you’re
LS62all1ZY
OK.
I’m glad you enjoyed your holiday in Cornwall ‘Hope you’re all OK’- the subject of
(wish I could have joined you- sounds a lot the sentence (I) is dropped to shorten
more fun than staying here and working in it and ‘you are’ is contracted to
‘you’re.’ This sounds more casual and
‘Sunny Bradford’!)
The letter contains personal details
friendly.
and conveys the writer’s
We’re OK and looking forward to the excitement. This shows that the
festival at the weekend- the line-up’s fantastic writer and recipient are friends
this year and I can’t wait to see Maiden live! because they are evidently
I’ll ring you on Mon evening for a interested in each other’s lives and
proper catch-up. families/friends.
Ana Conda,
1 Serpent Street,
Recipient’s address Writer’s address (on BRADFORD,
the right) BD1 2SK.
I am writing to complain about the condition of the property I am renting from your agency. The building is damp
and there is mould growing on the walls of the upstairs rooms. Furthermore, the boiler is broken and two of the
bedroom windows will not shut properly, so the house is unbearably cold and we have no hot water.
Formal language
Formal
I telephoned your office last week sign
and your off (“since
receptionist I know
told me that you were in a meeting, but would contact me
with no contractions
afterwards. However, I am still waiting to hear it’s
your name, fromsincerely”)
you and whenever I have tried to call again, the line is cut off.
I feel that this is completely unacceptable and, if these issues are not resolved within the next few days, I will
contact Environmental Health about
Signature & this [Link]
printed
I look forward to your response.
Yours sincerely,
Tone and Language
Along with the register, the tone (mood) and language of the
text help you to identify the intended audience of the text
and how the author wants the reader to feel.
For example, the tone of the letter to the friend is friendly,
personal, informal and conversational- or ‘chatty’.
In contrast, the letter of complaint is formal and business
like. Although it is polite, it is impersonal, direct and ‘to the
point’.
Versus
Non
Formal
Sample examination questions
Writing an article – exam tasks:
‘In our busy twenty-first century lives, hobbies and interests are more important than ever.’ Write an
article for a newspaper expressing your views on this statement.
Your article may include:
• what hobbies and interests you enjoy
• the benefits of hobbies and interests, especially in today’s world
• any other points you wish to make.
Your response will be marked for the accurate and appropriate use of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and
grammar.
Write your article. [45]
Sample
A magazine is inviting readers exam
to send questions
in articles with the title ‘My hopes and ambitions for the
future’. Write the article that you would submit.
Your article may include:
• your personal hopes and ambitions
• your hopes for the wider world
• any other points you wish to make.
Your response will be marked for the accurate and appropriate use of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and
grammar.
Write your article. [45]
Planning an answer
A travel magazine is inviting readers to submit articles on places for a good day out for all
the family.
You may write about
- a place that you know well, describe location.
- What activities do you recommend
- Any other information you think would be helpful.
Write your article.
Ask yourself the following questions to help you plan your answer:
• Who is the audience for the writing?
• What is the topic of the article?
• Do any of the words in the tasks suggest the tone for your writing (‘good day
out’)?
• How can you appeal to the audience?
• What is a travel magazine?
• Can you think of any features of an article?
• Can you think of any techniques that you might like to include?
Planning an answer
A travel magazine is inviting readers to submit articles on places for a good day out for
all the family. You decide to write about a place that you know well, where there is a lot
to do for everyone in the family.
A Write your
place for article.
a good day out for the family…
[20]
Introduction: establish where you are writing about. Try to grab the reader’s attention. Set the tone for the article.
Include a brief overview of the day out.
Paragraph 1: Select an aspect of the day out that will appeal to the reader – for example, the location. Describe the
location and include details that appeal to the family.
Paragraph 2: Select another aspect of the day out that will appeal to the reader – for example, the activities.
Describe what you can do and give advice, for example: time, price, fun.
Paragraph 3: Select a final aspect of the day out that will appeal to the reader – for example, eating out. Include
anecdotes, advice and suggestions.
Conclusion: Summarise the day out. Give a few final points to persuade the reader. Make it personal!
Article writing – sample extract
A travel magazine is inviting readers to submit articles on places for a good day out for
all the family. You decide to write about a place that you know well, where there is a lot
to do for everyone in the family.
Answer ONE question in this section. You should spend about 45 minutes on your chosen question.
EITHER
6 Your local newspaper has published an article with the headline ‘Young people today
lack any desire for adventure’. Write a letter to the editor of the newspaper expressing your views on this topic.
Your response will be marked for the accurate and appropriate use of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and grammar.
(Total for Question 6 = 45 marks)
OR
7 ‘The key to success in anything is being prepared.’
Your response will be marked for the accurate and appropriate use of vocabulary, spelling,
OR
7 ‘We are harming the planet we live on and need to do more to improve the situation.’
You have been asked to deliver a speech to your peers in which you explain your
Your response will be marked for the accurate and appropriate use of vocabulary, spelling,
punctuation and grammar. (Total for Question 7 = 45 marks)
What is a Review?
A review is where someone writes to inform other people
about a product, service or event. It might be:
[Link]
Reviews usually have a star rating out of five, and the tone
Why are they useful?
Many people find reviews useful in deciding whether or
not to buy a product or visit a place. Hearing several
opinions helps them to make a more informed decision.
Triplet
Just brilliant! Fact Minions movie…
This phone is 200g lighter than the previous model…
It was dull, pointless and a waste of time…
s s
Think about how to use these in your own work…
Rhetorical Question Exaggeration
How could anyone not want this in their house?
I’ve had more fun watching paint dry…
Imperatives
You have to avoid this at all costs… Emotive language
Opinion I am thrilled and delighted
I thought the book was dreadful… with this new release!
[Link]
Top Tips
With nearly 75 percent of all customers seeking out product, business and service
reviews online before making purchases, it’s essential that your reviews be
truthful and informative.
Every good review should include a few things, including the Who, What, Why,
When, Where and How of your experience.
It’s also important to keep other customers in mind when you sit down to write
your review. Think about what you look for in online reviews and write in a similar
manner.
Be as specific as possible in your online reviews; it shows you cared about your
experience.
Companies also want to know what made your experience worthy of a review. Say
so in your review! They can sometimes overlook things like this, which is why it’s
important to let them know.
Practice
You went to a restaurant with your family last weekend.
It was either the best meal you have ever eaten or the worst.
Decide which, then see if you can come up with an idea for each of
these techniques… 30 seconds for each!
Repetition Triplet
Alliteration s
Rhetorical Question
Exaggeration
Opinion Imperatives
Emotive language
[Link]
The mission? To celebrate the rustic simplicity of regional American cookery. A small
fortune was lavished on the space… It ought to add up to something special. Or at least
something interesting.
But America Eats Tavern is contrived where it should be inspired, stiff where it should be
lived-in, and tone-deaf to the spirit of what it aspires to capture.
You’ll search in vain for any signs of passion. Or joy. But not for incongruities. Emblazoned
above the open kitchen are the first words of the Constitution: “We the People.” We the
people who charge $25 for a burger.
The remarkable thing is that America Eats has actually improved since it debuted two years
ago as a pop-up at the old Café Atlántico in Penn Quarter.
It’s a huge step up, after all, from “laughably awful” to “disappointingly bad.”
Your Turn!
You went to a restaurant with your family last
weekend.
tp://[Link]/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/[Link]
[Link] [Link]
Homework
Go on the internet and review something. Anything…
As long as you have one or have been there.
Print it out and bring it to me next lesson. We will use this to improve.