ACS IBA QUANTITATIVE

Speed, Distance, & Time

The Speed, Distance, and Time (SDT) topic is an essential part of aptitude tests, especially
in exams for entrance, competitive exams, and job placements. It is crucial in assessing
one's ability to apply mathematical reasoning to solve problems involving movement and
change over time.

Basic Formula
The simplest form is - s = vt

Where,

S = distance

V = speed (constant speed)

T = time taken

Core Concepts

1. Speed: This measures how fast an object moves. It is defined as the distance
traveled per unit of time, typically represented as Speed=Distance/ Time.

2. Distance: Distance is the total path covered by an object in motion. Using the SDT
relationship, it is expressed as Distance=Speed×Time.

3. Time: This is the duration taken to cover a specific distance. It can be found using
Time=Distance/Speed

All of the maths we will solve in this chapter are of constant speed, there are no complex or
complicated issues regarding this concept at least. So, if you know any two values of the
above formula, you can easily find the third value.

From this, we can also say that distance and time are proportional, whereas distance and
speed are inversely proportional.

We can say from this relationship that if the ratio of speeds of A: B is a: b, then the time
taken by them to cover the same distance is 1/a : 1/b or b : a.

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Units of Speed, Distance, & Time

The units of speed can be - km/h, m/s, miles/hour, etc.
Similarly, the units of time can be - minutes, seconds, hours
Finally, the unit of distance can be - miles, kilometres, feets, yards, metres, etc.
The thing you have to look out for always is to match the units of all three of the variables
of the formula. Sometimes your distance in the question could be given in kilometres, but
your speed can be given in miles per hour. In that case, you have to convert one to another,
otherwise your answer will not be correct. You must match all the units before solving the
question.

Speed, Distance, & Time Conversions

As discussed in the previous sub-chapter, you will have to convert one unit into another for
matching with the rest of the variables. Otherwise your results will not be accurate. Some of
the important conversions that you should introduce yourself to are -
● 1 kilometre = 1000 metres = 0.6214 mile = 3,280.84 feet
● 1 mile = 1.61 kilometres = 5280 feet = 1760 yards
● 1 feet = 12 inches
● 1 yard = 3 feets
● 1 hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds
● 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s
● 1 m/s = 18/5 km/h
Now it is possible that you will be given these conversions in the question for easier
calculations, but it doesn’t hurt to memorise some of the more important conversion for your
easier and faster calculations.

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Basic Formula-Related Questions

Past Paper Questions
1. A motorist travels x miles in y hours and z minutes. What is his average speed in
miles per hour? [IBA BBA 03-04]
𝑥 60𝑦+𝑧 60𝑥 60𝑥
A. 𝑦+60𝑧 B. C. 𝑦+𝑧 D. 60𝑦+𝑧 E. none of these
𝑥

2. A plane traveling 600 miles per hour is heading for Chittagong airport. At 3:58 PM, it
is 30 miles from the airport. At what time will it arrive at the airport? [IBA BBA 93-94]
A. 3:59 PM B. 4:00 PM C. 4:01 PM D. 4:02 PM E. 4:03 PM
3. Sharif ran a 2-mile race at an average speed of 8 miles per hour. If Sams ran the same
race at an average speed of 6 miles per hour, how many minutes longer than Sharif
did Sams take to complete the race? [IBA BBA 96-97]
(A) 20 (B) 15 (C) 12 (D) 9 (E) 5
4. The mile meter of a highway bus misses every 11th mile being travelled. After a certain
time, the meter shows that 1,251 miles were travelled. How many miles were actually
travelled? [IBA BBA 13-14]
A. 1360 miles B. 1460 miles C. 1386 miles D. 1376 miles E. none of these
5. A group of hikers is planning a trip that will take them up a mountain using one route
and back down using another route. They plan to travel down the mountain at a rate
of one and a half times the rate they will use on the way up, but the time each route
will take is the same. If they will go up the mountain at a rate of 4 miles per day and
it will take them two days, how many miles long is the route down the mountain?
[IBA BBA 13-14]
A. 8 B. 6 C. 12 D. 16 E. none of these

Answers of past paper questions

1.D 2.C 3.E 4.D 5.C

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Solutions to Past Paper Questions

1. Given, Total distance covered, s = x miles;
𝑧
Total time taken, 𝑡 = 𝑦 ℎ𝑟 𝑧 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦 ℎ𝑟 + 60 ℎ𝑟
𝑧
= 𝑦 + 60 ℎ𝑟.

Now, speed, v = distance/time = s/t

𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
=𝑥 𝑧 ℎ
(𝑦 + )
60

60𝑥
= 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑟 −1 .
60𝑦+𝑧

So, option (D) is the correct answer.

2. Given that the plane travels 600 miles in 1 hour = 60 minutes
30
So, the plane travels 30 miles in 60 ∗ (600) = 3 minutes

So, the plane will reach at the airport at 3:58 PM + 3 minutes = 4:01 PM

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

3. Given the distance of the race is same for both, 2 mile. Sharif’s speed is 8 mph, Sams’s
speed is 6 mph.
We know, t = s/v
Time taken for Sharif to finish the race, t1 = 2/8 hour = ¼ hour = 15 minutes
Time taken by Sams to finish the race, t2 = 2/6 hour = ⅓ hour = 20 minutes
Now, t2 - t1 = 20 - 15 = 5 minutes
So, Sharif took 5 minutes more than Sams to complete the race.
So, option (E) is the correct answer.
4. The mile metre of the bus missed 11th mile , that means it missed 1 mile after being travelled
10 miles.
So , in 1251 miles, that car missed 1251/10 = 125 miles (and remainder 1 mile is included
in 1251 miles; remainder this 1 mile is counted , not missed)
That means, actually he travelled 1251 + 125 = 1376 miles.
1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , missed
11, 12, ……………………….20, missed
…………………………… 1250 , (125 times missed)
1251.

So, option (D) is the correct answer.

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5. Given,
Speed while going up, v1 = 4 mile/day
Speed while going down, v2 = 1.5 × 5 = 6 mile/day
Time is the same. So, time taken, t = 2 days for both ways.
Distance covered while travelling up, sup = v1 × t
or, sup = 4 × 2 = 8 miles
Distance covered while travelling down, sdown = v2t
or, sdown = 6 × 2 = 12 miles
So, the route down the mountain is 12 miles long.

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

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Practice Problems
1. One day, Mr. Rezwan started 30 minutes late from home and reached his office 50
minutes late, while driving 25% slower than his usual speed. How much time in
minutes does Mr. Rezwan usually take to reach his office from home?
A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80 E. 100
2. A person travelled from his house to office at 40 kmph; then he was late to his office
by 10 minutes. If he increases his speed by 10 kmph he would be early by 10 minutes
to his office. What should be his speed so that he reaches his office on time?
A. 40 kmph B. 44.44 kmph C.48 kmph D. 50 kmph E. None of these
3. The ratio of the speeds of two trains is 7:8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours,
then the speed of the first train is:
A. 70 𝑘𝑚 ℎ𝑟 −1 B. 75 𝑘𝑚ℎ𝑟 −1 C. 84 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 −1 D. 87.5 𝑘𝑚ℎ𝑟 −1 E. None of these
4. Two train, A and B, start from stations x and y towards y and x, respectively. After
passing each other, they take 4 hours 48 minutes and 3 hours 20 minutes to reach y
and x, respectively. If train A moving at 45km/hr, then the speed of train B is:
A. 54 B. 60 C. 70 D. 80 E. 90
5. A and B take part in a 100-metre race. A runs at 5 kmph. A gives B a head start of 8
m and still beats him by 8 seconds. The speed of B is:
A. 5.15 kmph B. 4.14 kmph C. 4.25 kmph D. 4.4 kmph E. None of these
6. Without any halt a train travels a certain distance with an average speed of 75 kmph
, and with halts it covers the same distance at an average speed of 60 kmph. When it
is traveling with halts, how many minutes/per hour does the train halt on an average?
A. 48 min B. 12 min C. 15 min D. 18 min E. 10 min

Answers of Practice Problems

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B

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Solution to Practice Problems

1. Let, time taken by Mr. Rezwan to reach office everyday = t

And his usual speed = s
One day, he started 30 minutes late from home and reached his office 50 minutes late.
So, extra time in travel = 50 - 30 = 20 mins
Given, Speed s is 25% slower = s - .25s = .75s
Now, s = vt = 5 × t
In both cases, distance covered is the same. So,
st = (t + 20) × (.75s)
Solving Further .
.75 × st + .75s × 20 = st
Or, .75 × t + .75 × 20 = t
Or, 0.25t = 15
Or, 25t = 1500
Or, t = 60 mins
So, option (C) is the correct answer.
2. Let,
The distance from the man's house to his office is s
If he travels at 'v' speed, he will reach his office in time, and the time taken will be 't'
Now, if the man travels at 40 kmph speed, he is 10 minutes = 1/6 hours late. Which means
he took ⅙ hours time more. So, the total time in this case will be (t + ⅙).
Mathematically , s = 40 × (t + ⅙)... ... (i)
Again, if the man travels at (40+10)= 50 kmph speed, he is 10 minutes = 1/6 hours early.
Which means he took ⅙ hours less time. So, the total time in this case will be (t - ⅙).
Mathematically, s = 50 × (t - ⅙)... ...(ii)
As distance covered in both cases is the same, we can write
40 × (t + ⅙) = 50 × (t - ⅙)
Or, 4t + 4/6 = 5t - ⅚
Or, t = 9/6 hours = 90 minutes
So, t= 1.5 hours
So, s = 40 × (1.5 + ⅙) = 200/3 km
So, v = s/t = 400/9 =44.44 km/h
So, option (B) is the correct answer.
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3. Given, the ratio of speeds is 7:8

Speed of 2nd train is = 400 km /4 hours = 100 kmph
According to question,
7 : 8 = v1 : 100
So, speed of 1st train = 100/8 × 7 = 87.5 kmph
So, option (D) is the correct answer.
4. In these types of questions use the given below formula to save your valuable tim: v1/v2 =
√(t1/t2)
where v1, v2 and t1, t2 are the respective speeds and times of the objects.
Now,
45/v2 = √((10/3)/(24/5))
Or, 45/v2 = √(25/36) = ⅚
Or, v2 = 54 km/hr
Required speed = 54 kmph
So, option (A) is the correct answer.
5. Given, Speed of A = 5 × 5/18 m/s
= 25/18 m/s
Time taken by A to cover 100 m, t= s/v
= 100 / (25/18)
= 100 × 18/25
= 72 seconds
As A gives B a head start of 8 meters and still beats him by 8 seconds, B covers 8
meters less distance in the race and takes 8 seconds more time than A.
Time taken by B to cover (100 - 8) or 92 m is (72 + 8) or 80 seconds
So, speed of B = Distance/ Time
= 92/80 × 18/5
= 4.14 kmph
So, option (B) is the correct answer.

6. Due to halts, it covers 15 km less

Time taken to cover 15 km = 15/75 × 60 = 12 mins.
So, option (B) is the correct answer.

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Average Speed
While solving math related to speed, distance, and time, you will encounter scenarios where
a person travels from one point to another and then returns to the previous point.
In this case, the distance travelled is the same for point A to point B just as it is for point B
to point A. Or that person can travel from point A to point B and then from point B to point
C. In this case, distance from A to B is the same as from B to C.
You can easily determine the value of the average speed with which that person travelled
using an easy formula -
v = 2ab/(a + b)
Here,
v = average speed of the whole journey
a = speed of that person travelling from point A to point B
b = speed of that person travelling back from point B to point A (or from point B to point C
where distance of A to B is the same as from B to C).
One thing is to be noted that, the medium of travel of that person must be the same. That
means, if the person walks from point A to B, then for this formula to apply, that person must
travel back from point B to point A using the same medium - walking. Otherwise this formula
will not apply here. Let’s look at some maths.

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Past Paper Questions

1. A man travels a certain distance at a rate of 20 miles an hour and returns at the rate
of 30 miles an hour. What is his average speed? [IBA BBA 97-98]
A. 26 B. 25 C. 25.5 D. 24 E. 23
2. A motorcyclist rode to work at an average speed of 15 miles per hour and returned
home along the same route at an average speed of 45 miles per hour. If his entire
travelling time was 1 hour, what was the total number of miles in the round trip?
[IBA BBA 93-94]
(A) 15 (B) 22(½) (C) 30 (D) 36(½) (E) 45
3. A man travels from A to B at 20 km/hr. He makes the return journey at 30 km/hr. What
was his avg speed? [IBA BBA 98-99]
A. 20 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24 E. None
4. Mr. Karim travelled from A to B at a speed of 3 km/hr and returned from B to A at a
speed of 5km/hr. If the roundtrip required 8 hours what was the distance between A
and B in km? [IBA BBA 99-00]
A. 20 B. 22 C. 23 D. 25 E. None of these

Answers of past paper questions

1.D 2.B 3.E 4.E

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Solution to Past Paper Questions

1. Given,
a = 20 miles per hour
b = 30 miles per hour
So, we know,
2𝑎𝑏
𝑣 =
𝑎 + 𝑏
30
𝑂𝑟, 𝑣 = 2 ∗ 20 ∗
20 + 30
Or, v = 24 miles per hour

So, option (D) is the correct answer.

2. Given,
a = 15 miles per hour
b = 45 miles per hour
Time taken, t = 1 hour
So, we know,
v = 2ab/(a + b)
Or, v = 2 × 15 × 45/(15 + 45)
Or, v = 22.5 miles per hour
Now,
s = vt
Or, s = 22.5 × 1
Or, s = 22.5 miles
So, option (B) is the correct answer.
3. Given,
a = 20 km per hour
b = 30 km per hour
So, we know,
v = 2ab/(a + b)
Or, v = 2 × 20 × 30/(20 + 30)
Or, v = 24

So, option (E) is the correct answer.

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4. Given,
a = 3 km per hour
b = 5 km per hour
Time required, t = 8 hours
So, we know,
2𝑎𝑏
𝑣 =
𝑎 + 𝑏
5
𝑂𝑟, 𝑣 = 2 ∗ 3 ∗
3 + 5
30
𝑂𝑟, 𝑣 = 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
8
Now,
s = vt
Or, s = 30/8 × 8
Or, s = 30 km
So, option (E) is the correct answer.

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Practice Problems
1. A car covered p percentage of distance in 20 kmph and remaining distance in 30
kmph, what is average speed in regards to p?
A. 90p B. 45p C. 30p D. 6000/(200+p) E. none of these

2. Rafid drove at an average speed of 20 km/hr for some time and then at an average
speed of 60 km/hr for the rest of the journey. If his average speed for the entire trip
was 30 km/hr, for what fraction of the total time did he drive at 20 km/hr.
4 3 2 1
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. E. None of These
2
3. A ship with a faulty engine sailed for only 7 hours over a period of 2 days and covered
a distance of 59 km. Its average speed on the first day was 5 km per hour slower than
that on the second day. But it sailed 3 hours longer on the first day than that on the
second day. What was its average speed on the second day?
A. 7 B. 12 C. 14 D. 15 E. none of these
4. A man travels for 6 hours at a rate of 50 miles per hour. His return trip takes him 9
hours. What is his average speed for the whole trip?
A. 35.5 mph B. 40 mph C. 44.44 mph D. 45 mph E. 50 mph
5. Muaz’s office is 20 km away from his home. He started from home at 8:30 and walked
for some time. Then he got on a bus that had an average speed of 36 kmph and
reached his office at 9:30. The time he spent on the bus was 20 minutes more than
the time he spent walking. What was his walking speed in kmph?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 12 D. 18 E. None of these

Answers of Practice Problems

1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.D

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Solutions to Practice Problems

1. Let, total distance = 100
For the first part,
s1 = p% of total distance= p% of 100 = p
v1 = 20 kmph
So, t1 = s1 / v1 = p/20 hours
Now, for the second part,
s2 = the remaining part= 100 - p
v2 = 30 kmph
t2 = s2 / v2 =(100 - p)/30
Now, average speed, v = s/t
Total time, t = t1 + t2 = p/20 + (100 - p)/30
= {3p + 2(100 - p)}/60
= (3p + 200 - 2p)/60
= (p + 200)/60
So, v = 100 / {(p + 200)/60}
= 6000/(200 + p
So, option (D) is the correct answer.

2. While crossing the same path, if a body travels at a specific speed (a 1) for a specific time
(t1) and the rest of the path in another specific speed (a 2) for another specific time (t2), and
the average is given, then the formula is
t1/t2 = (a2 - avg)/(avg - a1)
𝑡1 60 − 30 3
𝑂𝑟, = =
𝑡2 30 − 20 1
𝑡1 3 3
𝑠𝑜, = =
𝑡1 + 𝑡2 3+1 4
So, option (B) is the correct answer.

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3. Let, the average speed on the second day = x

So, average speed on the first day = x - 5
Again let, the ship travels t hours on the second day
So, the ship travels (t + 3) hours on the first day
Given,
t+t+3=7
or, t = 2
So, the ship travels (t + 3) = (2 + 3) = 5 hours in the second day
We know,
s = vt
or, s = v1t1 + v2t2
or, 59 = 5(x - 5) + 2x
or, 59 = 5x - 25 + 2x
or, 7x = 84
or, x = 12
So, option (B) is the correct answer.
4. Given, Time taken to travel, t1= 6 hours and speed v1= 50 mph
Total distance travelled by the man initially is (6 × 50) miles = 300 miles
Therefore, the distance for the return trip is also 300 miles. Time taken for the return trip is
9 hours.
300 100
So, speed during return trip, 𝑣2 = = 𝑚𝑝ℎ
9 3
100
2 ∗ 50 ∗ 3
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = 40 𝑚𝑝ℎ
100
50 +
3
So, option (B) is the correct answer.
5. Total time = 1 hour.
The time spent on the bus is 20 more than the time spent walking
So, he spent 40 minutes on the bus and 20 minutes walking
In 60 minutes, the bus travels 36 km
So, in 40 minutes, the bus travels 24 km
The rest (30 - 24) or 6 km he walks
So, walking speed, v = s/t = 6/(20/60) = 18 kmph

So, option (D) is the correct answer.

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Non-Uniform Speed Problems

Non-uniform speed problems are a key subset of speed, distance, and time questions where
an object moves at varying speeds over different parts of its journey.

Unlike uniform speed problems (where speed remains constant), non-uniform speed
requires careful analysis to manage changes in speed across segments, often involving the
calculation of average speed or weighted averages over the entire trip.

Types of Non-Uniform Speed Problems

1. Varying Speeds Over Equal Distances:

Problems of this type provide different speeds for equal distances. Here, we use the
harmonic mean to calculate average speed over the entire trip.

Example: A car travels 60 km at 40 km/h and another 60 km at 60 km/h. The average speed
would be calculated using the harmonic mean formula.

2. Varying Speeds Over Different Distances:

Here, speeds and distances differ across segments. The total time for each segment must
be calculated, and then the total average speed must be found.

Example: A cyclist travels 30 km at 10 km/h, then 40 km at 20 km/h. Calculate the time for
each segment, then divide the total distance by the total time.

3. Different Speeds for Equal Time Intervals:

When an object travels at different speeds for equal periods, we calculate the total distance
and then divide it by the total time.

Example: A person drives for 1 hour at 50 km/h, then 1 hour at 70 km/h. Calculate the
distances for each segment, add them, and divide by total time (2 hours).

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Past Paper Questions

1. A certain 90-mile trip took 2 hours. Exactly 1/3 of the distance travelled was by rail,
and this part of the trip took 1/5 of the travel time. What was the average rate, in miles
per hour, of the rail portion of the trip? [IBA BBA 95-96]
A. 12 mph B. 30 mph C. 45 mph D. 60 mph E. 75 mph
2. Mr. X starts from his house at 9:10 am towards IBA which is 10 miles away from his
house. He must reach IBA by 9:30 am. If he covers half the distance at a speed of 20
miles per hour, his speed for the remainder of the distance must be (in miles per
hour) what? [IBA MBA 96-97]
(A) 50 (B) 60 (C) 45 (D) 55 (E) none of these
3. A truck driver must complete a 180-km trip in 4 hours. If he averages 50 km an hour
for the first three hours of his trip, how fast must he travel in the final hour?
[IBA MBA 98-99]
A. 50 km B. 45 km C. 40 km D. 35 km E. 30 km
4. Sams travels ⅓rd of the distance at an average speed of 5 km/hr, ⅖th of the distance
at an average speed of 4km/hr and the rest 12 kms in 2 hours. What is the total
distance travelled by Sams? [IBA MBA 01-02]
(A) 45 (B) 48 (C) 52 (D) 54 (E) none of these
5. A man started at 8 am from his home, walked at the rate of 3 km/hr and reached his
office 45 minutes late. The next day, he started at the same time and walked at the
rate of 5 km/hr and reached his office 15 minutes earlier than the scheduled time.
What was the distance between his office and home? [IBA BBA 99-00]
A. 6 B. 7.5 C. 9 D. 12 E. None
6. A man travelled one-fourth of the total distance of his trip by car. He travelled the
remaining distance on foot. The ratio of his walking time to driving time was 15:1.
Calculate the ratio of his driving speed to his walking speed. [IBA BBA 02-03]
A. 5:2 B. 5:1 C. 1:5 D. 2:5 E. 25:1
7. A father and a son started for a shop at the same time. In one minute, the son moved
20 steps forward and in the same time, the father moved 30 steps forward. In one step
the son covered 1 ft. and the father covered 1.5 ft. If the son reached the store 10
minutes after his father, what was the distance of the store in ft.? [IBA MBA 98-99]
(A) 280 (B) 240 (C) 360 (D) 320 (E) none of these

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8. On a 300-mile trip, a car went 30 miles per hour for the first 100 miles, 50 miles per
hour for the second 100 miles, and 60 miles per hour for the third 100 miles. For what
fractional part of the time taken for the entire 300-mile trip was the car going 30 miles
per hour? [IBA BBA 13-14]
A. 1/10 B. 1/3 C. 10/21 D. 11/21 E. 3/14

Answers of Past Paper Questions

1.E 2.B 3.E 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.C

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Solution to Past Paper Question

1. Given, the total journey is 90 miles.
So, ⅓ of the trip is equal to 90 × 1/3 =30 miles and ⅕ of the time is equal to 2 × ⅕ = 2/5
hours.
Therefore, the distance travelled by rail, s= 30 miles and time taken, t= 2/5 hours.
𝑠 2
𝑆𝑜, 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑣 = = 30 / ( ) = (30 ∗ 5) / 2 = 75 𝑚𝑝ℎ
𝑡 5
So, option (E) is the correct answer.
2. Mr. X starts from his house at 9:10 am reaches IBA at 9:30 am, which is a total of 20 minutes.
The total distance, s= 10 miles. Half of the distance is 5 miles.
He covers half the distance or 5 miles in 20 mph
So, time taken to cover half distance, t = s/v = 5/20 = 1/4 hours = 15 minutes.
So he will have to travel the remaining distance of (10 - 5) or 5 miles in (20 - 15) or 5 minutes
or 1/12 hours
Now, v = s/t
= 5/(1/12)
= 60 mph
So, option (B) is the correct answer
3. Given, he averages 50 km an hour for the first three hours of his trip.
So, distance covered in the first 3 hours, s = vt = 50 × 3 = 150 kms
The remaining distance = 180 - 150 = 30 km and he has to travel 30 km in 1 hour
So, speed, v = s/t = 30/1 = 30 kmph
So, option (E) is the correct answer.
4. Let, the total distance = s
First part, s1 = s/3
Second part, s2 = 2s/5
Third part, s3 = 12 miles
According to the question,
s1 + s2 + s3 = s
or, s/3 + 2s/5 + 12 = s
or, 4s/15 = 12
or, s/15 = 3
or, s = 45 kms
So, option (A) is the correct answer.

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5. In both cases, the distance covered is the same.

Let, distance covered = s km and time taken to cover the distance = t hours
1st case, he walks at the rate of 3 kmph and reaches his office 45 minutes or 3/4 hour late.
The time taken to reach the office would be (t + 3/4) hours
2nd case, he walks at the rate of 5 kmph. reaches his office 15 minutes or 1/4 hour earlier,
the time taken to reach the office would be (t - 1/4) hours
Here, the distance is the same in both cases.
So, according to the question, distance1 = distance2
3 × (t + 3/4) = 5 × (t - 1/4)
or, 3t + 9/4 = 5t - 5/4
or, 12t + 9 = 20t - 5
or, 8t = 14
or, t = 7/4 hours
So, distance, s = 3 × (t + 3/4) = 3 × (7/4 + 3/4) = 7.5 kms So, option (B) is the
correct answer.
6. Let,
total distance = s
Distance covered by car, scar = s/4
Distance covered by foot, sfoot = 3s/4
Given, tfoot : tcar = 15 : 1

or, sfoot/vfoot : scar/vcar = 15 : 1

or, (3s/4)/vfoot : (s/4)/vcar = 15 : 1

or, 3/4vfoot : 1/4vcar = 15 : 1

or, 3/vfoot = 15/vcar

or, 1/vfoot = 5/vcar

or, vcar : vfoot = 5 : 1

So, option (B) is the correct answer.

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7. In 1 minute, son moves = 20 steps × 1 ft = 20 ft

So, velocity of the son, vson = 20 ft/min
In 1 minute, father moves = 30 steps × 1.5 ft = 45 ft
So, velocity of the father, vfather = 45 ft/min
Time taken by the son, tson = t + 10
Time taken by the father, tfather = t
According to the question, sson = sfather
or, 20(t + 10) = 45 × t
or, 20t + 200 = 45t
or, 25t = 200
or, t = 8 minutes
Distance of the store = 20 × (8 + 10) = 20 × 18 = 360 ft

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

8. Given, On a 300-mile trip, a car went 30 miles per hour for the first 100 miles, 50 miles per
hour for the second 100 miles, and 60 miles per hour for the third 100 miles.
Time taken for the first 100 miles, t1 = 100/30 hours
Time taken for the next 100 miles, t2 = 100/50 hours
Time taken for the last 100 miles, t3= 100/60 hours
We have to determine the fractional part of the time taken in the journey covered by the car
going at 30 mph.
𝑡1
So, the car travels =𝑡1+𝑡2+ 𝑡3
100
30
= 100 100 100 or
+ +
30 50 60
10
= 21 fraction of the time

So, option (C) is the correct answer.

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Practice Problems
1. A car averages 40 miles per hour for the first 6 hours of a trip and average 60 miles
per hour for each additional hour of travel time. If the average speed for the entire trip
is 55 miles per hour, how many hours long is the trip?
A. 12 B. 16 C. 18 D. 24 E. None of these
2. A train takes 5 hours to cover a distance of 300 km with a uniform speed. If the speed
is increased by 5 km/hr, then how much time will the train take to cover the same
distance?
A. 5 hours B. 4 hours C. 4.6 hours D. 4.5 hours E. 4.2 hours
3. A train covers a distance of 80 km at a speed of 40km/hr for the first 60 km and the
remaining distance at a speed of 20 km/hr. What is the average speed (in km/hr) of
the train on the Journey?
A. 24 B. 25 C. 30 D. 32 E. none of these
4. A man had travelled ⅓ of the total distance of his trip when his car broke down. He
finished the journey on foot, spending twenty times as long walking as he had spent
driving. How many times faster was his driving speed than his walking speed?
A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 20 E. none of these
5. Masum drove from home at an average speed of 30 mph to a bus station. He then
took a bus to his office at an average speed of 90 mph. The entire distance was 210
miles; the entire trip took three hours. Find the distance from the bus station to the
office.
A. 30 miles B. 60 miles C. 120 miles D. 180 miles E. None of these

Answers of Practice Problems

1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D

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Solutions to Practice Problems

1. Given, 40 mph for the first 6 hrs
So, Distance travelled in first 6 hours = 40(6) = 240 miles
Let, 60 mph for next x hrs
So, Distance travelled in next x hours = 60x
Total distance covered, s= 240+60x
Total time, t= 6+x
Average speed, v = 55 mph
We know,
s/t = v
240 + 60𝑥
Or, = 55
6+𝑥

Or, 240 +60x = 330 + 55x

Or, x=18
Total time = 18 + 6 = 24hrs
So, option (D) is the correct answer

2. Let the initial speed of the train be x km/hr. Then, we can write:
x = 300/5 = 60 km/hr
After increasing the speed by 5 km/hr, the new speed becomes (x + 5) km/hr.
The time taken to cover the same distance with the new speed is:
300 300
= = 4.6 hours.
𝑥+5 65

So,The correct answer is C.

3. Time needed to cover 60 kms in 40 kmph = distance / speed = 60/40 = 3/2 hr

time needed to cover the rest 20 kms in 20 kmph = 20/20 = 1hr
Average speed = Total distance / Total time = 80km / (3/2 + 1)hr
80𝑘𝑚
= 5 ℎ𝑟
2

= 80 × 2 / 5 km/hr
= 32 km/hr.
So, option (D) is the correct answer

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4. Let, The total distance is s

Driving: Total distance = s/3
Total time = t
𝑠
3 𝑠
Average speed = total distance/ total time= =
𝑡 3𝑡
Walking: Total distance = 2s/3
Total time = 20t
2𝑑
3 2𝑑
Average speed = =
20𝑡 60𝑡
We have to find out how much faster his driving speed was than his walking speed. So, we
need to determine the fraction.
𝑠
[ ]
3𝑡
Answer would be = 2𝑠
[ ]
60𝑡
𝑠 60𝑡
= 3𝑡 × = 10
2𝑠

So, option (A) is the correct answer

5. Let, the distance from bus station to office be x
So, the distance from home to bus station is (210 - x)
210 − 𝑥
Therefore, time taken to go to station, t, = 30

Time taken to go to office, t2 = x/90

210 − 𝑥 𝑥
So, total time = + 90
30

According to question,
(210 - x)/30 + x/90 = 3
Or, x + (3 × 210) - 3x = 3 × 90
Or, x = 180
So, option (D) is the correct answer

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Relative Speed
This concept is one of the most important chapters under speed, distance, and time. Unlike
Einstein's theory of relativity in physics, this relativity in aptitude problems doesn’t involve
complex concepts like time dilation or the speed of light. Instead, it focuses on how to
calculate the effective speed between two moving objects.
Have you ever noticed that while you are in a car or bus or train, the cars or buses or trains
coming from the opposite direction seem way faster than what they should have been? Or
the cars, or buses, or trains going with you in the same direction seem slower than normal?
These phenomena bring us to the idea of relativity. When two objects move towards or
away from each other, their effective speed—called relative speed—is either the sum or
difference of their speeds.
1. Relative Speed:
● When two bodies are travelling parallelly in the same direction, then their relative
velocity will be, v = v1 - v2 [where v1 > v2]
● When two bodies are travelling parallelly in opposite directions, then their relative
velocity will be, v = v1 + v2
We will also work with two new formulas which are related to this concept.
● If one car starts at a direction at a kmph, and another car starts at the same direction
after the first car at b kmph which is s kms behind the first car, then the time required
for the second car to catch up to the first car -
Time required, t = s/(a - b) [where, a > b]
● Similarly, if one car starts at a direction at a kmph, and another car starts at the opposite
direction at the first car at b kmph which is s kms behind the first car, then the time
required for the second car to meet the first car -
Time required, t = s/(a + b)
2. Meeting Point Problems:
In these problems, two objects start at different points and travel towards each other or in
the same direction until they meet. The distance they cover until they meet depends on their
relative speed.
Formula:
● If the distance between two objects is D, and they are moving towards each other
at speeds S1 and S, they will meet after:
Time=D / (S1+S2)

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● If they are moving in the same direction, the time to meet is:
Time=D/ ∣S1−S2∣
Example:
Two trains are moving towards each other from stations A and B, 200 km apart. Train 1
moves at 60 km/h, and Train 2 moves at 40 km/h. When will they meet?
Solution:
Relative speed = 60 + 40 = 100 km/h.
Time to meet=200 / 100=2 hours
3. Overtaking Problems:
When two objects are moving in the same direction, the faster one will eventually catch up
with the slower one if their speeds differ. The relative speed in such cases is the
difference between their speeds.
Formula:
If a faster object moving at speed S1 is behind a slower object moving at speed S2 with a
distance D between them, the time taken for the faster object to overtake the slower one
is:
Time=D / ∣S1−S2∣
Example:
A car traveling at 80 km/h starts 30 km behind another car moving at 60 km/h. When will
the faster car catch up?
Solution:
Relative speed = 80 - 60 = 20 km/h.
Time to overtake=30/ 20=1.5 hours

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Past Paper Questions

1. Hasan can run 10 miles per hour, while Jack can run only 8 miles per hour. If they
start at the same time from a point, and run in opposite directions, how far apart (to
the nearest mile) will they be after 10 minutes? (IBA BBA 95-96)
(A) 1 mile (B) 2 miles (C) 3 miles (D) 4 miles (E) 5 miles
2. Two cars start towards each other from points 200 km apart. One car travels at 40
km/hr and the other travels at 35 km/hr. How far apart will the two cars be after four
hours of continuous travelling? IBA BBA 98-99
A. 100 B. 75 C. 40 D. 20 E. 160
3. If two planes leave the same airport at 1:00 PM. how many miles apart will they be at
3:00 PM if one travels directly north at 150 mph and the other travels directly west at
200 mph? IBA MBA 03-04
A. 50 miles B. 100 miles C. 500 miles D. 400 miles E. None of these
4. A car is travelling on a highway. At 10 A.M, it passes a truck travelling in the same
direction. The truck continues on the highway travelling at 50 mph while the car
travels at 65 mph. How far apart are the car and the truck at 2 PM? (IBA MBA 03-04)
(A) 15 Miles (B) 30 Miles (C) 60 Miles (D) 200 Miles (E) 260 Miles

Answers of Paper Questions

1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C

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Solution to Past Paper Question

1. They run in opposite directions
So, relative velocity will be, v = (10 + 8) = 18 miles per hour
After 10 minutes i.e. 1/6 hours, they will be
s = vt
or, s = 18 × ⅙
or, s = 3 miles apart
So, option (C) is the correct answer
2. The cars are moving towards each other at a relative speed of (40kmph + 35kmph) =
75kmph
This is how fast the distance between them is shrinking. Now, after four hours, the distance
between them would have shrunk by 300 kms (4× 75).
But since they started with only 200 km to begin with, they must have met somewhere in
the middle and continued on for another 100 km
Hence, the distance between them is 100km.
So, option (A) is the correct answer

3. N
300

W E
400

S
First plane travels in 2 hours = 2 × 150 = 300 miles

Second plane travels in 2 hours = 2 × 200 = 400 miles

Now, this creates a right-angle triangle like situation
We know,
For right angle triangles, hypotenuse2 = height2 + base2
So, hypotenuse = √(3002 + 4002)
Or, hypotenuse = 500 miles

So, option (C) is the correct answer

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4. We know, s = vt
Here, both the car and the truck are travelling in the same direction
v = 65 - 50 = 15 mph
So, at 2 PM, the car and the truck are
s = 4 × 15 = 60 miles apart

So, option (C) is the correct answer

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Practice Problems
1. Two cars start towards the same destination at the same time. One car is 17 km
behind the other. If the speed of the car at the front is 630 m/minute and that of the
other car is 970 m/minute, after how many minutes will the two cars meet?
A. 50 B. 24 C. 25 D. 30 E. None of these
2. Manikganj and Comilla are 320 miles apart. If a train leaves Manikganj in the direction
of Comilla, at 67 miles per hour, how long will it take before that train meets another
train, going from Manikganj to Comilla, at a speed of 45 miles per hour?
A. 4 hours B. 4.33 hours C. 2.86 hours D. 5.67 hours E. 6.67 hours
3. Two persons start running simultaneously around a circular track of length 400 m
from the same point at speeds of 15 kmph and 25 kmph. When will they meet for the
first time anywhere on the track if they are moving in the opposite direction?
A. 144 sec B. 36 sec C. 124 sec D. 32 sec E. None of these
4. Ishmam can run 14 miles per hour, while Maria can run only 11 miles per hour. If they
start at the same time from the same point and run in opposite directions, how far
apart will they be after 18 minutes?
A. 6.5 miles B. 8 miles C. 7.5 miles D. 6 miles E. 7 miles
5. Adnan and Babar are drivers for a business company. One rainy day, Babar left the
office at 8:00 a.m. towards east and Adnan left the office at 11:00 a.m. towards
[Link] some time, the dispatcher retrieved data from the office’s vehicle tracking
system. The data showed that, up to that time, Adnan had averaged 40 miles per hour
and Babar had averaged 20 miles per hour. It also showed that Adnan and Babar had
driven a combined total of 240 miles. At what time did the dispatcher retrieve data
from the vehicle tracking system?
A. 1:00 p.m. B. 2:00 p.m. C. 3:00 p.m. D. 5:00 p.m. E. 6:00 p.m.

Answers of Practice Problems

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B

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Solutions to Practice Problems

1. Distance to be covered, s= 17 km = 17000 m
As they are travelling towards same destination, the relative speed v= (970-630)= 340
m/minute
So, time required = distance/relative speed
=17000/340
= 50 minutes
So, option (A) is the correct answer

2. Distance to be covered = 320 miles

As they are travelling towards opposite destination, the relative speed v= (67 + 45)= 112
mph
So, time required, t = 320/112 hours = 2.86 hours

So, option (C) is the correct answer

3. Distance, s= 400 m= 04 km
Since, they are running on opposite direction,
Relative speed = (15 + 25) kmph = 40 kmph.
Therefore, the time required = 0.4/40 hours = 0.01 hours = 0.01 ×3600 sec = 36 sec.

So, option (B) is the correct answer

4. As they are moving in the opposite direction,

Relative speed, v = 14 + 11 = 25 miles per hours
Time. t= 18 minutes= 18/60 hours
So, s = vt = 25 × 18/60 = 7.5 miles

So, option (C) is the correct answer

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5. Let t represent the time passed between the departure of Adnan (11:00 a.m.) and the
retrieval of data by the dispatcher. Since Babar left at 8 a.m., his time is (t + 3).
Since they both travelled for a total 240 miles, we can use the formula distance = rate × time
and create the following equation:
Babar’s distance + Adnan’s distance = 240
20(t + 3) + 40t = 240
Or, 20t + 60 + 40t = 240
Or, 60t = 180
Or, t = 3 hours
Thus, it was 11 a.m. + 3 hours = 2 p.m. when the dispatcher retrieved data from the vehicle
tracking system.

So, option (B) is the correct answer

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Speed of Different Bodies

Just like you solved maths of the same body travelling with different speeds throughout its
journey in the previous chapters, you will encounter here the case of several bodies that are
related to your maths. In the chapter relative speed you learned two new formulas where -
1. Two cars are travelling in the same direction and one car is trying to catch up to the
other. Here, time taken for the second car to catch up to the first car is, t =
distance/(v1 - v2) [where v1 > v2]
And
2. Two cars are travelling in the opposite direction and are trying to meet at any point
in their journey path. In this case, time taken for the cars to meet is, t = distance/(v1
+ v2)

Past Paper Questions

1. Two cars start towards the same destination at the same time. One car is 5 km behind
the other. If the speed of the car at the front is 750 m/min and that of the other car is
1000 m/min, after how many minutes will the two cars meet? IBA BBA 99-00
A. 20 B. 24 C. 25 D. 30 E. None
2. A train left Dhaka for Chittagong at 62 km per hour and at the same time another train
left Chittagong for Dhaka at 48 km per hour on the same route. How far apart were
the two trains one hour before they met? IBA BBA 02-03
A. 80 B. 92 C. 100 D. 110 E. none of these
3. Mr. X and Mr. Y started from point A and reached point B in 10 minutes and 9 minutes
respectively, If the travelling speed of Mr. X was 2 km/hr less than that of Mr. Y, what
was the distance between A and B in kms? (IBA MBA 98-99)
(A) 6 (B) 4.5 (C) 4 (D) 3 (E) none of these
4. Two cyclists start cycling from the starting point of a trail 3 hours apart. The second
cyclist travels at 10 miles per hour and starts 3 hours after the first cyclist who is
travelling at 6 miles per hour. How much time will pass before the second cyclist
catches up with the first from the time the second cyclist started cycling?
IBA MBA 10-11
A. 2 hours B. 4(½) hours C. ¾ hours D. 6 hours E. None of these

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5. At 9:00 a.m. train A left the Airport Railway Station and two hours later train B left the
same station on a parallel track. If train A averaged 60 kilometres per hour and train
B averaged 75 kilometres per hour until B passed A, at what time did B pass A?
[IBA BBA 13-14]
A. 2:00 p.m. B. 5:00 p.m. C. 6:00 p.m. D. 7:00 p.m. E. 9:00 p.m.
6. Abrar, Nurul and Hasan start at the same time in the same direction to run around a
circular stadium. Abrar completes a round in 252 seconds, Nurul in 308 seconds and
Hasan in 198 seconds, all starting at the same point. After what time will they all be
again at the starting point? [IBA BBA 13-14]
A. 26 minutes and 18 seconds B. 42 minutes and 36 seconds
C. 45 minutes and 38 seconds D. 46 minutes and 12 seconds E. none of these
7. Asif, riding his bike at 24 km/h reaches his office 5 minutes late. If he would have
reached the office 4 minutes earlier than the scheduled time by travelling 25% faster,
how far is his office from his house in km? [IBA BBA 16-17]
A. 18 B. 24 C. 36 D. 40 E. none of these
8. In a race, the speeds of A and B are in the ratio of 3 : 4. A takes 30 minutes more than
B takes to reach the destination. What is the time taken by A to reach the destination
in hours ? [IBA MBA 17-18]
A. 1 B. 1.5 C. 2 D. 3 E. None of these
9. Munir usually walks to his office from his house at a speed of 8 km per hour. It takes
him 10 minutes longer to walk the same distance at 6 km per hour. What is the
distance (in km) between his house and office? [IBA MBA 02-03]
(A) 7 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 4 (E) none of these

Answers of Past Paper Questions

1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.D

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Solution to Past Paper Question

1. As two cars start towards the same destination. So, the relative speed = (1000-750)= 250
m/min
One car is 5 km behind the other. So the distance needed to be covered= 5 km= 5000
metres
Time required for the second car to catch up to the first car,
t = 5000/(1000 - 750) = 20 minutes
So, option (A) is the correct answer
2. in one hour, the Dhaka to Chittagong trains moves 62 kms
in one hour, the Chittagong to Dhaka trains moves 48 kms
so, in 1 hour, two trains moving in the opposite direction moves (62 + 48) or 110 kms
i.e. 1 hour prior they face each other, their distance is 110 kms
So, option (D) is the correct answer
3. We know, s = vt
Let, speed for Mr. Y = v kmph
So, speed of Mr. X = (v - 2) kmph
Now, for Mr. X,
sx = vxtx
or, sx = 10/60 × (v - 2)
again, sy = 9/60 × v
now,
sx = sy
or, 10/60 × (v - 2) = 9/60 × v
or, 10v - 20 = 9v
or, v = 20
so,
s = vt
or, s = (20 - 2) × 10/60 = 18 × 10/60 = 3 kms
So, option (D) is the correct answer

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4. the second cyclist starts cycling 3 hours after the first cyclist started
so, the first cyclist had a 3-hour head start
in 3 hours, the first cyclist covered (3 × 6) or 18 miles
Now, the distance needed to be covered, s= 18 miles
As two cyclists moving towards the same destination. So, the relative speed = (10-6)= 4
mph
for the second cyclist to catch up to the firstc cyclist, time required, t = s/v= 18/4= 4.5 hours
So, option (B) is the correct answer
5. Train B starts its journey 2 hours after train A started
so, train A had a 2-hour headstart
in 2 hours, train A covered (2 × 60) or 120 kms
now,
for train B to catch up to train A, time required, t = 120/(75 - 60) = 8 hours
train B started its journey at (9 + 2) or 11 AM
so, it’ll pass train A at (11 + 8) or 7 PM
So, option (D) is the correct answer
6. The time they all reach the starting point is the LCM of their times. This is because they will
all meet at the starting point again after a time interval equal to the LCM of their individual
times.
LCM of 152. 308, and 198 is 2772
2772 seconds = 46 minutes 12 secons
So, they will all be at the starting point together after 46 minutes and 12 seconds
So, option (D) is the correct answer
7. in the first case scenario,
speed, v = 24 kmph
time taken to reach the office, t = (t + 5/60) hours
in the second case scenario,
speed, v = (24 × 1.25) kmph = 30 kmph
time taken to reach the office, t = (t - 4/60) hours
the distance is the same for both scenarios
so,
5 4
24 × (𝑡 + ) = 30 × (𝑡 − )
60 60
Or, 24t + 2 = 30t - 2
Or, 6t = 2 + 2
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Or, 6t = 4
or, t = 2/3 hours
so, distance of the office from his house = 25 × (2/3 + 5/60) = 18 kms
So, option (A) is the correct answer
8. we know,
speed and time are inversely proportional
given,
speeds of A and B = 3 : 4
so, time taken by A and B = 4 : 3
let,
time taken by B to reach the deestination = t minutes
so, time taken by A = t + 30 minutes
according to question,
(t + 30) : t = 4 : 3
or, 3t + 90 = 4t
or, t = 90 minutes
so, time taken by A=90+30=120minutes=2hours
So, option (C) is the correct answer
9. the distance covered in both the scenarios is the same
Let, the time taken in 1st scenario is “t” hour and speed is given 8 kmph
And, the time taken in 2nd scenario is, t hour+ 10 minute= t hour + ⅙ hour = (t+⅙) hour
And the speed is given 6 kmph
Now, both distances are same
8t = 6(t + 1/6)
or, 8t = 6t + 1
or, t = 1/2
so, distance = 8 × 1/2 = 4 kms

So, option (D) is the correct answer

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Practice Problems
1. The ratio of the speeds of two trains is 7:8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours,
then the speed of the first train is:
A. 70 km/hr B. 75 km/hr C. 84 km/hr D. 87.5 km/hr E. None of these
2. Two friends start at the same time from opposite ends of a course that is 75 miles
long. One friend is travelling at 18 mph and the second friend is travelling at 27 mph.
How long after they begin will they meet?
A. 30 minutes B. 80 minutes C. 60 minutes D. 100 minutes E. None of these
3. Train Godhuli starts from Rangpur at 7 AM and reaches Dhaka at 5 PM. Train Sonar
Bangla Starts from Dhaka at 8 AM and reaches Rangpur at 8:30 PM. At what time will
the trains cross each other?
A. 12 pm B. 1 pm C. 12 am D. 1 am E. None of these
4. In a race of 10km, A beats B by 1km and B beats C by 1km. So by how many meters
A beats C?
A. 2000 B. 1900 C. 2100 D. 1800 E. Cannot be determined
5. Rahim and Sohail live in the same house and work in the same place. Rahim takes 20
minutes and Sohail takes 30 minutes to reach the workplace. Sohail starts from the
house 5 minutes earlier than Rahim starts. How many minutes would Rahim take to
meet Sohail?
A. 15 minutes B. 12 minutes C. 10 minutes D. 5 minutes E. None of these

Answers of Practice Problems

1.D 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C

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Solutions to Practice Problems

1. Given, ratio of speeds is 7 : 8
Speed of 2nd train is = 400/4 = 100 kmph
So, according to question,
7 : 8 = v1 : 100
Or, v1 = 7 × 100/8 = 87.5 kmph
So, option (D) is the correct answer
2. They are travelling from opposite end. So relative speed, v= 27+18= 45 mph
Distance to be covered,s = 75 miles
Time for them to meet t= s/v = 75/45 = 5/3 hours =(5/3)×60 minutes= 100 minutes
So, option (D) is the correct answer
3. time taken by godhuli = 10 hours
time taken by sonar bangla = 12.5 hours
let, the distance between rangpur and dhaka is 1250 km [LCM of 10 and 12.5]
so, velocity of godhuli = 1250/10 = 125 kmph
velocty of sonar bangla = 1250/12.5 = 100 kmph
let, they meet x metres from rangpur, t hours after godhuli starts its journey
so, for train godhuli,
s = vt
or, x = 125t……………i
again,
for train sonar bangla,
s = vt
or, (1250 - x) = 100(t - 1) [as sonar banglas starts 1 hour later of godhuli, travelling 1 hour
less]
now,
(1250 - x) = 100(t -1)
or, 1250 - 125t = 100t - 100 [from i]
or, 225t = 1350
or, t = 6 hours
so, the trains cross each other 6 hours after train godhuli starts its journey, i.e. (7 AM + 6
hours) = 1 PM

So, option (B) is the correct answer

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4. A beats B by 1 km, which means when A completes the race by travelling 10

km B would have covered 9 km.
→ The ratio of speeds of A and B is 10 : 9.
B beats C by 1 km, which means when B completes the race by travelling 10
km C would have covered 9 km.
→ The ratio of speeds of B and C is 10 : 9.
A: B = 10:9
B : C = 10:9
→ The ratio of speeds of A: B: C = 100 : 90 : 81
In the same time that A travels 100 m, C travels 81 metres
→ In the same time that A travels 10000 m, C would travel 8100 m or A
would beat C by 1900 m.
So, option (B) is the correct answer
5. the distance of the office is same
we know,
s = vt
so, vRahim = s/20
v≤ = s/30
let,
they meet t minutes after Rahim starts his journey
in t minutes, Rahim covers = st/20 metres
in t minutes, Sohail covers = st/30 metres
bt Sohail starts his journey 5 minutes before Rahim
so, in (t + 5) minutes, the distance crossed
tx/20 = (t + 5)x/30
or, t/2 = (t + 5)/3
or, 3t = 2t + 10
or, t = 10
so, Rahim will meet Sohail after 10 minutes

So, option (C) is the correct answer

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Boat
Maths related to boats and streams are some of the most important maths you’ll come
across in your IBA math syllabus. We use basic speed-distance formulas with some new
additional elements. Some of these concepts are -
● Boats: Boats or ships or a person swimming - everything will fall under this concept.
Basically any body that tries to cross a river or pond or lake is what we commonly
say as a boat.
● Stream: The moving water in a river or pond or lake is called a stream.
● Upstream: If the boat is flowing in the opposite direction to the stream, it is called
upstream. In this case, the speed of the boat is reduced as it is going against the
current and the current acts as a resistance from the boat moving forward.
● Downstream: If the boat is flowing along the direction of the stream, it is called
downstream. In this case, the speed of the boat increases as it is flowing along the
current and the current is helping the boat to push forward.
● Still Water: Under this circumstance the water is considered to be stationary and
the speed of the water is zero.
Here, we work with two new formulas - one for upstream and one for downstream.
Speed of the boat in upstream current: u - v [i.e., when the boat travels against the
current/opposite the way current is flowing]
Speed of the boat in downstream current: u + v [i.e., when the boat travels along the
current/the same way current is flowing]
Where,
u = speed of the boat
v = speed of the current
That’s all. You don’t need any more complex concepts or formulas of trigonometry or vectors
to solve these math as we will be dealing with the simplest math. Let us look into some math
for easier understanding.

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Past Paper Questions

1. A boat sailing against the current takes 6 hours to travel 36 km. If it had been sailing
with the current the time taken would have been only 4 hours. What is the speed of
current? [IBA BBA 98-99]
A. 3 km/hr B. 2.5 km/hr C. 2 km/hr D. 1.5 km/hr E. None of these
2. A ferry can travel twice as fast when empty as when it is full. It travels 20 miles with
full load, spends 1 hour for unloading and returns to its original port empty. It took
11 hours to complete the journey. What is the speed when the ferry was empty?
[IBA MBA 97-98]
(A) 6 (B) 5.5 (C) 5 (D) 4.5 (E) 4
3. Two boats on the opposite shores of a river start moving towards each other. When
they pass each other, they are 750 yards from one shoreline. They each continue to
the opposite shore, immediately turn around and start back. When they meet again,
they are 250 yards from the other shoreline. Each boat maintains a constant speed
throughout. How wide is the river? [IBA BBA 13-14]
A. 1000 yards B. 1050 yards C. 2000 yards D. 2100 yards E. None of these
4. In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed down due to bad weather. Its average
speed for the trip was reduced by 200 km/hr and the time of flight consequently
increased by 30 minutes. The duration of the flight was: [IBA BBA 19-20]
A. 1 hour B. 1.5 hours C. 2 hours D. 2.5 hours E. 3 hours

Answers of Past Paper Questions

1.D 2. A 3.C 4.B

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Solution to Past Paper Question

1. We know, velocity = speed/time
So, when going against the current, velocity, u - v = 36/6 = 6 kmph
When going with the current, velocity, u + v = 36/4 = 9 kmph
Solving these two equations, we get,
Speed of the boat, u = 7.5 kmph
Speed of the current, v = 1.5 kmph
So, option (D) is the correct answer

2. in the 11 hours, the ferry spends 1 hour unloading

so, it spends the rest of 10 hours going from point A to B and then return to B
now,
we will apply the idea of stream in the cargo situation. When the boat is empty, it travels
fast. This mimics the scenario of travelling along the current. Similarly, when the boat is full,
it travels slowly, mimicking the scenario of travelling against the current.
now,
s = vt
or, 20 = vt [when filled with loads]
again,
20 = 2v(10 - t) [when empty]
according to the question,
vt = 2v(10 - t)
or, t = 20 - 2t
or, 3t = 20
or, t = 20/3
so, speed when the ferry was empty, 2v = 20/(10 - 20/3) = 6

So, option (A) is the correct answer

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3. Let,
The river is x yards wide
They meet 750 yards from shore A. this point is therefore (x - 750) yards from shore B
In the first case:

The 1st boat The 2nd boat

s = vAt1 s = vB t1
Or, 750 = vAt1…………..i Or, x - 750 = vBt1…………..ii

Now,
They continue their journey and meet 250 yards from the opposite shore.
So, A travelled = 750 + x - 750 + 250 = x + 250 yards total
B travelled = x - 750 + 750 + x - 250 = 2x - 250 yards total
In the second case:

The 1st boat The 2nd boat

s = vAt2 s = vB t2
Or, x + 250 = vAt2…………..iii Or, 2x - 250 = vBt2…………..iv

Dividing i by ii,
t1/t2 = 750/(x + 250)
Similarly,
Dividing iii by iv,
t1/t2 = (x - 750)/(2x - 250)
So, we can write,
750/(x + 250) = (x - 750)/(2x - 250)
Solving these, you’ll see that x = 2000

So, option (C) is the correct answer

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4. Let, speed be s and time be t

Now, st = 600
Again, (s - 200) × (t + 0.5) = 600
Or, st - 200T + 0.5s -100 = 600
Or, 200t - 0.5s + 100 = 0
Or, 200t2 + 100t - 300 = 0; [S = 600/T]
Or, 2t2 + T - 3 = 0
Or, (2T + 3) (T - 1) = 0
Or, T = -3/2, 1
So, duration of the flight = 1 + 0.5 hours = 1.5 hours
So, option (B) is the correct answer

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Practice Problems
1. A man can row 50 km upstream and 72 km downstream in 9 hours. He can also row
70 km upstream and 90 km downstream in 12 hours. Find the rate of current.
A. 2 km/hr B. 4 km/hr C. 6 km/hr D. 8 km/hr E. None of these
2. A boat covers a certain distance downstream in 2 hours, while it takes 3 hours to
cover the same distance upstream. If the speed of the stream is 2 km/hr, then what is
the speed of the boat in still water?
A. 14 km/hr B. 10 km/hr C. 20 km/hr D. 12 km/hr E. 15 km/hr
3. A boat sails 15 km of a river towards upstream in 5 hours. How long will it take to
cover the same distance downstream, if the speed of current is one-fourth the speed
of the boat in still water:
A. 1.8h B. 3h C. 4h D. 5h E. None of these
4. A certain river has a current of 3 miles per hour. A boat takes thrice as long to travel
upstream between two points as it does to travel downstream between the same two
points. What is the speed of the boat in still water?
A. 3 mph B. 6 mph C. 9 mph D. 12 mph E. None of these
5. An absent-minded scientist walks on an escalator at a rate of 4 steps per second and
reaches the other end in 15 seconds. While coming back, walking at the same speed
he reaches the starting point in 45 seconds. What is the number of steps on the
escalator?
A. 60 B. 90 C. 105 D. 120 E. 140

Answers of Practice Problems

1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B

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Solutions to Practice Problems

1. Let the speed of the man and current be u and v km/hr respectively
Thus, we have:
50 kms upstream and 72 kms downstream in 9 hours
So, t1 + t2 = 9
𝑠1 𝑠2
Or, 𝑣1 + 𝑣2 = 9

Or, 50/(u - v) + 72/(u + v) = 9

50 72
Therefore, Scenario 1: 𝑢 − 𝑣 + 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 9 ... (i)

Similarly,
70 90
Scenario 1: 𝑢 − 𝑣 + 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 12 ... (ii)

Now, solving (u + v) and (u - v) in the denominator is difficult. So, we replace it with

something easier.
Assuming 1/(u - v) = a and 1/(u + v) = b and solving for u and v:
50a + 72b = 9……….iii
70a + 90b = 12………..iv
Now it becomes very easy to solve these equations
Multiplying both of the equations with 5 and 4 respectively
iii × 5 =>250a + 360b = 45
iv × 4 => 280a + 360b = 48
—---------------------------------
-30a = -3
Or, 30a = 3
Or, a = 1/10
Putting a = 1/10 in equation iii,
50 × 1/10 + 72b = 9
Or, 5 + 72b = 9
Or, 72b = 4
Or, b = 1/18
So, (a, b) = (1/10, 1/18)
1 1
That means, [𝑢 −𝑣 , 𝑢 + 𝑣] = (1/10, 1/18)

Or, [(u - v), (u + v)] = (10, 18)

Or, u - v = 10 and u + v = 18
Solving for u and v,
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u = 14, and v = 4
So, the rate of current is 4 kmph
So, option (B) is the correct answer
2. Let the speed of the boat in still water be u km/hr. Then, the speed of the boat downstream
is (u + 2) km/hr and the speed upstream is (u - 2) km/hr.
We know that distance = speed × time.
Therefore, we can write:
(u + 2) × 2 = (u - 2) × 3
Solving the equation, we get u = 10 km/hr.
So, option (B) is the correct answer
3. Upstream speed = u - v
Downstream speed = u + v
u - v = 15/5 = 3 km/h
Again u = 4v
Therefore
u-v=3
Or, 4v - v = 3
Or, v = 1 km/h
So, u = 4 km/h
Therefore u + v = 5 km/h
Therefore, Time during downstream = 15/5 = 3h
So, option (B) is the correct answer
4. Let,
the speed of the boat be u mph.
Speed downstream = u + 3 mph
Speed upstream = u - 3 mph
Let, the distance between the two points be s.
Now, time downstream = 3 × time upstream
Therefore,
s × (u + 3) = 3s × (u - 3)
Or, u + 3 = 3u - 9
Or, 2u = 12
0г, u = 6
So, option (B) is the correct answer

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5. This is basically upstream/downstream math. Think the escalator as river, the scientist as
boat, and consider steps = meters
When going up, the escalator's speed (e) and scientist's speed (m) add up.
So, net speed going up, v1 = m + e.......(i)
Coming down, opposite to escalator's direction,
Net speed v2 = m - e........(ii)
Given
for v1, time is t1 = 15 sec
And for v2, time is t2 = 45 sec
Now, (i) + (ii),
v1+ v2 = m + e + m - e = 2m
As we know, v = s/t,
The equation can be written as
v1 + v2 = s/t
Or, 2m = s/15 + s/45
Or, 2 × 4 = s/15 + s/45 [given, speed of the escalator is 4 steps per second]
So, s = 90 steps
So, option (B) is the correct answer

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Train
The last albeit equally important topic that you will learn is train-related maths. In this
section, concepts of the relative speeds are heavily useful and necessary as train-related
maths are dependent on those. Before starting these maths, you need to know two things.
1. When a train crosses a bridge, or a station, or a platform, or a culvert, or another
train, then while counting the distance covered, you need to add up the summation
of the train’s length and the length of the other train or bridge or culvert or station.
That is because the culvert or bridge or station or train has a noticeable and
countable length. So we cannot say a train has passed the platform or station fully
unless the last point of the train crosses the last point of the bridge or culvert or station
or the second train. So,
Distance covered by the train = length of the moving train + length of the
platform crossed.
2. When a train crosses a lamppost, or a tree, or a human, then the distance covered
by the train is equal to its own length. That is because compared to the length of
the train, the man or tree or lamp post has no significant length. So while counting
the length, only counting the length of the train is enough.
With these concepts in your mind, let us solve sole train-related math problems.

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Past Paper Questions

1. Two trains are running on the same route at the rate of 25 and 30 miles per hour. If
the first train starts out an hour earlier, how long will it take the second train to catch
up with it? [IBA BBA 97-98]
(A) 5 hrs. (B) 4 hrs. (C) 3 hrs. (D) 2 hrs. (E) none of these
2. A train normally travels 60 miles at a certain speed. On a day, due to mechanical
problem, the train's speed is reduced by 10 mph so that the journey takes 3 hours
longer. What is the normal speed of the train? [IBA MBA 07-08]
A. 20 B. 25 C. 32 D. 45 E. none of these
3. Two trains starting at the same time from 2 stations 200 km apart and going towards
each other cross each other at a distance of 110 km from one of the stations. What is
the ratio of their speeds? [IBA MBA 17-18]
A. 11: 9 B. 13 : 11 C. 3 : 2 D. 7 : 5 E. None of these
4. A train, when moves at an average speed of 75 km / hr, reaches its destination on
time. When its average speed becomes 50 km/hr, it takes 1 more hour to reach its
destination. Find the length of the journey in km. [IBA MBA 17-18]
A. 150 B. 180 C. 200 D. 240 E. None of these
5. Train Karnafuli starts from Chittagong at 6 AM and reaches Dhaka at 4 PM. Train
Paharika Starts from Dhaka at 7 AM and reaches Chittagong at 7:30 PM. At what time
will the trains cross each other. [IBA MBA 18-19]
(A)11 AM (B) 11:40Am (C) 12PM (D)12:45PM (E) None of these
6. Train Green Arrow leaves Station A for Station B everyday at 7 PM. On a certain day,
it was delayed by 2 hours. To cover up the time, it increased its average speed by
20% but still arrived at station B 1 hour later than the schedule. What is the usual
duration of the train's journey from Station A to Station B? [IBA MBA 18-19]
(A)6 hours (B)6.5 hours (C) 8 hours (D) 8.5 hours (E) None of these

Answers of Past Paper Questions

1.A 2. A 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A

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Solution to Past Paper Question

1. The first train starts its journey 1 hour earlier
So in 1 hour, it covers (1 × 25) miles = 25 miles
Time taken by the second train to catch up to the first train, t = 25/(30 - 25) hours = 5 hours
So, option (A) is the correct answer
2. Let the normal speed of train = s and normal time = t
From 1st statement
st = 60
Or, t = 60/s
also,
the train's speed is reduced by 10 mph so that the journey takes 3 hours longer
(s - 10) × (t + 3) = 60
Or, (s - 10) × (t + 3) = st [as st = 60]
Or, st + 3s - 10t - 30 = st
Or, 3s - 10t = 30
Or, 3s - 10(60/s) = 30 (since t = 60/s from statement 1)
Or, 3s2 - 600 - 30s = 0
Or, s2 - 10s - 200 = 0
Or, s2 - 20s + 10s - 200 = 0
Or, (s - 20)(s + 10) = 0
Hence s = 20 or s = -10 (not possible, cannot be negative)
Hence s = 20
So, option (A) is the correct answer
3. the first train covers 110 kms
the second train covers (200 - 110) = 90 kms
their time taken is the same
so, v1 : v2
= 110/t : 90/t
= 11 : 9

So, option (A) is the correct answer

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4. in both cases, the distance covered is the same

in first case,
s = vt
or, s = 75t
in the second case
s = 50(t + 1)
now,
75t = 50(t + 1)
or, 75t = 50t + 50
or, t = 2
so, s = 75 × 2 = 150 kms
So, option (A) is the correct answer
5. time taken by Karnafuli = 10 hours
time taken by Paharika = 12.5 hours
let,the distance between Chittagong and Dhaka is 1250 km [LCM of 10 and 12.5]
so,
velocity of Karnafuli = 1250/10 = 125 kmph
velocity of Paharika = 1250/12.5 = 100 kmph
let, they meet x metres from Chittagong, t hours after Karnafuli starts its journey
so,
for train Karnafuli,
s = vt
or, x = 125t……………i
again, for train Paharika,
s = vt
or, (1250 - x) = 100(t - 1) [as Paharika starts 1 hour later of Karnafuli, travelling 1
hour less]
now,
(1250 - x) = 100(t -1)
or, 1250 - 125t = 100t - 100 [from i]
or, 225t = 1350
or, t = 6 hours
so, the trains cross each other 6 hours after train Karnafuli starts its journey, i.e. (6 AM + 6
hours) = 12 PM

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So, option (C) is the correct answer

6. on normal days,
s = vt
on that certain day,
s’ = v’t’
or, s = (v + 20% of v) × (t - 1) [it started journey 2 hours later, but reached the destination 1
hours later. so total the train was 1 hour early]
or, s’ = 1.2v(t - 1)
now,
s = s’
or, vt = 1.2v(t - 1)
or, t = 1.2(t - 1)
or, t = 6 hours

So, option (A) is the correct answer

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Practice Problems
1. A 150 m long train crosses another 210 m long train running in the opposite direction
in 10.8 seconds. If the shorter train crosses a pole in 12 seconds, what is the speed
of the longer train?
A. 80 kmph B. 75 kmph C. 54 kmph D. 45 kmph E. None of these
2. A train traveling at 108 km/h crosses a platform in 30 seconds and a man standing
on the platform in 18 seconds. What is the length of the platform in meters?
A. 360 m B. 300 m C. 420 m D. 600 m E. None of these
3. A train 108 meters long is moving at a speed of 50 km/hr. It crosses a train 112 meters
long coming from the opposite direction in 6 seconds. What is the speed of the
second train?
A. 82 kmph B. 76 kmph C. 44 kmph D. 58 kmph E. None of these
4. Two trains are moving in opposite directions at 60 km/hr and 90 km/hr. Their lengths
are 1.10 km and 0.9 km respectively. The time taken by the slower train to cross the
faster train in seconds is:
A. 36 B. 45 C. 48 D. 49 E. None of these
5. Two trains are running on parallel track in opposite directions. The length and speed
of the first train is 150 meters and 45 kmph respectively. The speed of the second
train is 5 meters per second. If the trains take 10 seconds to cross each other, what
is the length of the second train?
A. 25 metres B. 20 metres C. 15 metres D. 75 metres E. None of these
6. A train leaves station X for station Y. At 8:20am, when the train has crossed one fifth
of the way to station Y, it passes station A. At 8:30 am, when the train has crossed
one third of the way to station Y, it passes station B. At what time does the train leave
station X?
A. 7:45 am. B. 7:50 am C. 8:00 am. D . 8:05 am. E. none of these
7. Two trains, 250 metres and 150 metres long respectively, are running on parallel
lines. If they are running in the same directions, the faster train crosses the slower
train in 40 seconds. If they are moving in the opposite direction they pass each other
in eight seconds. What is the speed of the slower train?
A. 108 kmph B. 82 kmph C. 92 kmph D. 72 kmph E. None of these
Answers of Practice Problems
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.D

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Solutions to Practice Problems

1. In this math, you can see both the scenarios - a train crossing another train; and a train
crossing a pole.
Total distance = 150 + 210 = 360 m
Time taken to cross each other when moving in opposite direction = 10.8 sec
Relative speed of trains, v = s/t = (360/10.8) × 18/5 = 3600/30 = 120 kmph
Speed of shorter train = s/t = (150/12) × 18/5 = 45 kmph
Hence, the speed of a longer train = 120 - 45 = 75 kmph.
So, option (B) is the correct answer
2. 108 kmph = 108 × 5/18 = 30 m/s
let,
length of the train = t
length of the platform = p
according to the question,
(t + p) = 30 × 30 = 900
t = 30 × 18 = 540
so, p = 900 - t = 900 - 5360 = 40 m
So, option (A) is the correct answer
3. total distance covered = 108 + 112 = 220 m
as they are moving opposite, their velocities will add
now,
s = vt
or, s = (v1 + v2) × t
or, 220 = (50 + v2) × 5/18 × 6
or, v2 = 82 kmph
So, option (A) is the correct answer
4. Relative speed = 60 + 90 = 150 km/hr = 150 x 1000/3600 m/s = 125/3 m/s
total length = 1.10 + 0.9 km = 2 km = 2000m
∴ Time = Distance / Speed = 2000/125/3 sec = 2000x3 / 125 sec = 48 sec

So, option (C) is the correct answer

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5. The speed of the first train = (45×5)/18 = 12.5 m/s

The relative speed of the two trains coming from opposite directions = 12.5+5=17.5 m/s
They take 10 seconds to cross each other
So, the sum of the lengths of the two trains = 17.5×10=175 m
So, the length of the second train = (175-150) m = 25 m
So, option (A) is the correct answer
6. 1/3 - 1/5 = 2/15;
crosses 2/15 part in 10 minutes
so, crosses 1/5 part in (10 × 15)/(2 × 5) = 15 minutes
so,
the train left station x at 8:05 AM
So, option (D) is the correct answer
7. Let the faster train run at x m/s and the slower train run at y m/s.
Since, the time in which the faster train crosses the slower one when both the trains move
in the same direction is 40 sec thus,
400/ (x - y) = 40
10 = x - y ... ...(i)
The time in which the faster train crosses the slower one when both the trains move in the
opposite direction is 8 sec, thus
400/ (x + y) = 8
50 = x + y ... ...(ii)
On solving both the equations, we get:
x = 30 m/s and y = 20 m/s
Thus the speed of the slower train will be 20 m/s= 20 × 18/5 kmph = 72 kmph

So, option (D) is the correct answer

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