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Zarumilla River Pollution Impact Analysis

The document addresses the issue of river pollution in the Zarumilla River, primarily caused by human activities and industrial waste from Ecuador affecting the health of the Zarumilla population. It outlines the objectives to improve water quality and identify pollution sources while highlighting the geographical and hydrological characteristics of the river basin. Additionally, it discusses flooding risks and commitments between Ecuador and Peru for managing the river's resources and infrastructure.

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3 views7 pages

Zarumilla River Pollution Impact Analysis

The document addresses the issue of river pollution in the Zarumilla River, primarily caused by human activities and industrial waste from Ecuador affecting the health of the Zarumilla population. It outlines the objectives to improve water quality and identify pollution sources while highlighting the geographical and hydrological characteristics of the river basin. Additionally, it discusses flooding risks and commitments between Ecuador and Peru for managing the river's resources and infrastructure.

Translated by

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Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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I.

Statement of the problem

River pollution is the oldest pollution problem.


environmental. The increase in the population that settles on the banks of the rivers,
together with industrial activity, have resulted in a
increase in the volumes downloaded to thebodies of waterwith the
consequent entry of pollutants.

Fundamentally, water is contaminated by human activities, since


the population is increasingly requiring more water for its activities over time;
the consequence of this is the incorporation of materials considered into the rivers
such as chemicals, microorganisms, waters
residuals and industrial waste.

The damage to abasinshe/she relates to the obvious loss of


thebiodiversity andin theecosystemaquatic, affecting human health.
Pollutants do not only enter the body through
aintakedwater pipeline in poor condition, but they can also
to join through the consumption of fish that inhabit contaminated waters.

Problem identification

The population of Zarumilla is consuming contaminated water which


it affects your health. Since our neighboring country ECUADOR pollutes the river

Zarumilla with its mines and its shrimp farms that throw their waste into the river.
and all of that is directed to the Zarumilla River.

II. General Objective

Contribute to improving the quality of life of the population of Zarumilla

Specific objective

Identify pollution points of the Zarumilla River.

Geochemical evolution of contaminated points in the Zarumilla River


III. Materials

LOCATION

The Zarumilla River is part of the border between Ecuador and Peru.

It originates in the highlands of Ecuador, at 850 meters above sea level, and flows into the

Pacific Ocean, The total surface area of the basin covers an area of
731.2 km2. Geographically

It borders the Pacific Ocean to the north, Ecuador to the south and east.
the city of Tumbes to the west.

Pollution

The Tumbes and Zarumilla rivers are drinking water.


contaminated that affects health. This situation became known that in
In the neighboring country, there are around 20 extraction companies that exist.

they are located near the basins of the Calera and Amarillo rivers
and Palto

The mentioned companies pollute the water as they dump the


waste. However, pollution is reflected.
specifically in Tumbes.
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH RISE

The erosion of the riverbed during floods can reach the foundation of
river infrastructure

The deposition of the sediment carries the deposited sediments of


water, below decreases the discharge capacity of the flow
causing more frequent and severe floods

The flooding of the margins

FLOODING PROBLEMS

There are flooding issues, especially when it happens the


"El Niño" phenomenon, as was the case in 1997-1998. 2017-2018
construction of the La Palma Intake and the international canal
they would minimize the problems. Other areas were also detected.
of interest as next to the stream. Seca and La Vitória (where they have
floods registered.

The only hydrometric station, located in Las Palmas, has few


hydrometric data (flows) and related to monthly periods. For
the flow estimation was made using methodologies
approximately.

The Zarumilla River has a bottom mainly composed of


sand media that is dragged during floods, altering the
background configuration, so a model with must be used
sediment transport

CUENCA

The Zarumilla river basin, with an area of 921.25 km² (up to


the International Bridge is shared between the republics
of Ecuador and Peru in percentages of 55% and 45%
respectively.

MIDDLE PART OF THE BASIN

In the Zarumilla River, next to Matapalo, there is a dam on the right side.
that could overflow, causing flooding in a large area
agricultural land that is located below the top of the dam.

LOWER PART OF THE BOWL

In the Zarumilla River, downstream from the La Palma intake, there exists
a dam on the right side whose overflow would represent a
high level of danger for the city of Huaquillas, once a
high flow would be directly conducted to that city.

Also in the International Channel, next to the city of Huaquillas,


There is a possibility of flooding due to lack of maintenance.
and the cleaning of the channel, as well as the occupation of its banks. The

situation identified in Huaquillas, due to its potential


danger has been reported in detail in a letter to the Director
from INAMHI.

HYDROGRAPHY

The watershed of the Zarumilla River is completely intermittent.


most of the basin is arid and semi-arid with precipitation
annual less than 600 mm, Its year-on-year variation is very
important, with very pronounced dry periods.

Normally, the wet period occurs between the months of January.


in May with a precipitation of 85% of the total annual, the period
it occurs between the months of June to December.

The following chart presents the precipitation hydroma.

PRECIPITATION HYDROGRAM
MAIN COMMITMENTS ESTABLISHED BETWEEN
ECUADOR Y PERÚ DENTRO DEL MARCO DEL ACUERDO DE
GUIDELINES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE ZARUMILLA CHANNEL

Article 18 "Carry out the monitoring of the rehabilitation of the intake"


current or the construction of a new one

Article 21 'Leave 10 m available on the right bank of the Canal'


Zarumilla International and build a service road in that strip

Article 22: Remove the buildings located in the 10 m strip in the


right margin of the Zarumilla International Canal and remove the
discharge of sewage and brine with waste
coming from larval cisterns

It is important to emphasize that this intake, which is part of the


Binational Special Project Puyango Tumbes is located on the river
Zarumilla is 700 meters from the town of "La Palma" and 18 kilometers away.

upstream of the international bridge


The importance of the intake structure lies in its architecture.
hydraulics consisting of a movable and fixed barrage, the intake mouth
a sand separator, complementary works and equipment
hydromechanical, which includes a data transmission system to
distance.

The Binational Puyango Tumbes Project, in addition to uniting the


relations between the two countries will boost agricultural development.
which will be used for the export of products to the main
international markets through efficient resource management
water

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