Understanding Complex Numbers and Their Properties
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Complex Numbers and Their Properties
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ScribdTranslationsComplex numbers
General algebraic form of a complex number:
z = a + ib ; a,b R a = Rez = the real part of the complex number z
b = Imz = the imaginary part of the complex number z
i = the imaginary unit
Notam with C= z a bi|a,b R the set of complex numbers.
If b=0 z = a is a real number R C N Z Q R C
A complex number z = bi, with b ≠ 0, which has a real part a = 0, is called a pure imaginary complex number.
Equality of 2 complex numbers
If z1 ,z2 C z1 a bi ; a,b R if z2 a ' ib ' ;
'
a,b '
R, then
Rez Rez a a '
zz 1 2
12 Imz 1 Imz 2 b b '
The sum of complex numbers
Fie z,z
1 2 C ; z1 a ib ; a,b R if z2 c id ; c,d R
Then,
z z ac i bd C (the real parts are gathered together and the imaginary parts are gathered together).
1 2
Multiplication of complex numbers
Fie z1 ,z2 C ; z1 a ib ; a,b R if z2 c id ; c,d R
Then,
z1 z2 a ibc id ac adi cbi i 2 bd ac adi bci bd ac bd I ad bc
where 2
1
The powers number i
i1 i i 4k 1 i
i 2 1
it repeats from i 4k 2 1
i3 i 4 in 4 that is i 4k 3 i
i4 1 i 4k 1
Complex conjugate numbers
R
Let z = C, where z = a + bi; a, b
_
The conjugate of the complex number is denoted
z ,z a ib .
Properties :
The sum of 2 conjugate complex numbers is a real number:
_
z z R from C
The product of 2 complex conjugate numbers is a real number:
_
z z R, from C
The conjugate of the sum of 2 complex numbers is equal to the sum of the conjugates:
_________ _ _
z1 z 2 z1 z 2, z1 ,z2 C
The conjugate of the product of 2 conjugate complex numbers is equal to the product of the conjugates:
_____ _ _
z1 z 2 z1z 2, z1 ,z2 C
5) The conjugate of the cat = the cat of the conjugates:
_
�z1 � z1
� � _ ,
�z2 � z2
z1 ,z2 C ; z2 0
_
6). If z R z z
_
7). If z = imaginary complex number, then z z
The modulus of a complex number
Let z be in C, z = a + ib; a, b are real numbers.
The modulus of the complex number z will be a positive real number: z a 2 b 2
Properties:
1). z 0, z C
z 0 z 0
2). The modulus of a complex number = the modulus of its conjugate or:
_
z z z C
The product of a complex number and its conjugate is equal to the square of the modulus of that number:
_
z z, z
2
z C
The product module = the product of the modules:
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 , z1 ,z2 C
The module of the catul = the catul of the modules:
z1 z1 z1 ,z2 C
,
z2 z2 z2 0
6). z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 , z1 ,z2 C
(the triangle inequality or Minkowski's inequality)
Geometric representation of complex numbers
Any complex number z = a + ib corresponds to a point P(a,b) in the plane.
the suffix of point P is called
P(a,b) is called the geometric image of the complex number z.
The complex modulus z is the length of the segment OP (obtained using its theorem).
Pythagoras in one of the right-angled triangles formed.
P(a,b)
b
x
0 a
-b P ' a1 b
The geometric image of the conjugate of the complex number z is the symmetry of the image of the number z.
in relation to the Ox axis, that is P ' a1 b .
Note: Complex numbers of equal modulus and equal to a number r are represented in the plane by
the points of a circle centered at the origin with a radius equal to r.