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Measurement Transformers Overview

Measurement transformers are specialized electrical devices that accurately transform high primary voltage and current to lower secondary values for measurement purposes. They are classified based on location (outdoor, indoor, gas-insulated) and voltage level (low, medium, high), and must comply with various technical standards. Different types of current and voltage transformers are used for indirect measurements in various applications.

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17 views5 pages

Measurement Transformers Overview

Measurement transformers are specialized electrical devices that accurately transform high primary voltage and current to lower secondary values for measurement purposes. They are classified based on location (outdoor, indoor, gas-insulated) and voltage level (low, medium, high), and must comply with various technical standards. Different types of current and voltage transformers are used for indirect measurements in various applications.

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DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICITY MEASUREMENT

GUIDE 5 MEASUREMENT TRANSFORMERS

MEASUREMENT TRANSFORMERS

Measuring transformers are electrical machines that make use of the


electromagnetic properties of alternating current and ferromagnetic materials
for its purpose, which consists of obtaining a much lower proportional value of
voltage and current to the value they are connected.

Measurement transformers are distinguished from others.


types of transformers basically because they are
manufactured seeking that the transformation ratio is
as accurately as possible. The voltage and current values
they determine the electric state of a point in the system, the
measuring transformers are specially manufactured
so that your transformation relationship determines in a way
very accurate the proportion between the primary current and
secondary (Current Transformers, CT), or the
ratio between primary and secondary voltage
(Transformadores de Tensión, TT).

Technical standards for the manufacturing of measuring transformers

Measurement transformers must comply with the following standards:

• NTC 2205/IEC 60044-1. Measurement transformers. Current transformers.


• NTC 2207/IEC 60044-2. Measurement transformers. Voltage transformers
inductive.
• NTC 4540/IEC 60044-3. Measuring transformers. Combined transformers.
• IEC 60044-5. Instrument Transformers. Part 5: Capacitor Voltage Transformers.
• IEC 61869-1. Measuring transformers. Part 1: General requirements.
• IEC 61869-2. Measuring transformers. Part 2: Additional requirements for the
current transformers.
• IEC 61869-3. Measuring transformers. Part 3: Additional requirements for the
inductive voltage transformers.
• IEC 61869-5. Measuring transformers. Part 5: Additional requirements for the
capacitive voltage transformers.
• ANSI/IEEE 57.13 / IEEE. Standard for instrument Transformers.

CLASSIFICATION OF MEASURING TRANSFORMERS

Measuring transformers can be primarily classified into two main categories.


groups, according to their location and their voltage level.

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DIPLOMA IN ELECTRIC ENERGY MEASUREMENT

GUIDE 5 MEASUREMENT TRANSFORMERS

Classification of measurement according to its location:

• Outdoor measuring transformers.


• Measurement transformers used in gas-insulated substations.
• Indoor measurement transformers.

Classification of measurement according to its voltage level:

• Measurement transformers for low voltage


• Measurement transformers for medium voltage
• Measuring transformers for high voltage

Next, let's observe different types of transformers both current and


potential, which we will use in measurement systems.

• Outdoor type current transformer for high and medium voltage, oil insulated
dielectric; we use it only in indirect measurement and therefore it must be connected in series
with each of the phases:

• Outdoor current transformer for medium voltage, insulated in epoxy resin;


we use it only in an indirect way and therefore it must be connected in series with each
one of the phases:
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DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICITY MEASUREMENT

GUIDE 5 MEASURING TRANSFORMERS

• Indoor current transformer for medium voltage, resin epoxy insulated; it


we use only in indirect measure and therefore it must be connected in series with each one
of the phases:

• Window-type current transformer for low voltage, insulated in epoxy resin or


thermoplastic; we use it only in semi-direct measurement and therefore it must be installed one
for each phase, in order for the load conductor to pass through the window (TC opening)
so that its measurement can be taken through induction:

Interior Type with Terminal Block Exterior Type with Cables Party Core

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DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICITY MEASUREMENT

GUIDE 5 MEASUREMENT TRANSFORMERS

Split-core or open-core current transformers are characterized by


having a wide window, which makes them easy to install and handle allowing a
simple and quick replacement, without dismantling the installation.

• Outdoor capacitive voltage transformer for high voltage, oil-insulated


synthetic; we use it only in indirect measurement and therefore it must be connected in parallel
with each of the phases:

The construction method of these devices is by isolated capacitors in series.


synthetic oil, which is maintained under a slight excess of pressure due to the design of
expansion system (1), and mounted on a tank where the unit is housed
electromagnetic (inductive transformer (7 and 12), series reactance (5) and elements
capacitors form a capacitive voltage divider (2) between the
high voltage terminal (8) and the high frequency terminal (10), which is connected to the
electromagnetic unit through internal bushings (3), which is necessary for
high precision electromagnetic applications.

Coupling capacitors serve only as signal coupling.


high frequency communication through power lines (PLC) and
they help reduce voltage spikes on the line.

• Outdoor inductive voltage transformer for medium voltage, resin insulated


epoxy; we use it only in indirect measure and therefore it must be connected in parallel
with each of the phases:

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DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY MEASUREMENT

GUIDE 5 MEASUREMENT TRANSFORMERS

• Indoor inductive voltage transformers for medium voltage, resin insulated


epoxy; we use it only in indirect measure and therefore it must be connected in parallel
with each of the phases:

• Encapsulated current and voltage transformers, indoor and outdoor type, for
medium and high voltage, insulated in SF6 gas (sulfur hexafluoride); we use them only
in indirect measurement and its connection is encapsulated from the factory:

TP

TC

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