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Image Processing Techniques in MATLAB

The document discusses image processing as a discipline focused on enhancing digital images and extracting information. It outlines the basic steps for image processing using MATLAB, including reading, writing, and manipulating images, as well as various transformations like addition, subtraction, and histogram equalization. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding fundamental concepts and techniques in image processing for effective analysis and manipulation of images.

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6 views23 pages

Image Processing Techniques in MATLAB

The document discusses image processing as a discipline focused on enhancing digital images and extracting information. It outlines the basic steps for image processing using MATLAB, including reading, writing, and manipulating images, as well as various transformations like addition, subtraction, and histogram equalization. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding fundamental concepts and techniques in image processing for effective analysis and manipulation of images.

Translated by

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Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEMOCRATIC AND POPULAR ALGERIAN REPUBLIC

MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH


SCIENTIFIC

UNIVERSITY 20 AUGUST 1955 SKIKDA

FACULTY OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

TP

Image processing

Presented by: Framed by:

Kerraoui Amira [Link]


Rouag Roumaissa

Academic Year: 2019 / 2020


INTRODUCTION :

Image processing is a discipline of computer science and mathematics.


applied studies that examine digital images and their transformations, with the aim
to improve their quality or to extract information from them. This is a sub-
set of signal processing dedicated to images and derived data
like the video, while operating in the digital field (as opposed to the
analog techniques for signal processing, such as photography or the
traditional television)

BUT:

the basic steps for image processing using matlab

1. Read and write and manipulate display images: wealways the


commands[ imread][ imwrite] for reading and writing images
and [imshow] to display an image.

the result given:


2. IMAGE TYPE CONVERSION:
image decomposition: we load an RGB image and use RGB
to decompose it, and here is the Matlab program used:
conversion of the image to RGB: we use the command rgb2gray and we
find
3. CONCLUSION :
We open both the JPEG and PNG files with Windows Explorer and we
check the size we find the same size of the two files then the size
the image has no relation to the format either JPEG or PNG
JPEG format: when saving the image in this format, a
compression more or less strong is carried out in order to limit the weight of the
final file. Therefore, although it is possible to use a mode
RGB colorimetric adapted to the JPEG format that does not support the
transparency, one must be vigilant when using it.
PNG format: is an image format designed only for display on
screens, as it only supports the RGB color mode; the very good
management of transparency through this format
Introduction :
We first focus on point operations that involve subjecting each pixel to a
correction depends only on its value. In this category, we find the functions of
cropping or dynamic equalization, binarization.. Unless otherwise specified, we
let's assume in the following that images contain N2pixels coded on 256 levels of gray
different.

But:
Among the most basic processes in image processing, we find transformations.
punctual, which change the values of each pixel using a desired transformation

Addition and subtraction of images:

addition
The addition of two images f and g of the same size is a new image h of the same size whose
each

pixel corresponds to the sum of the pixel values of the original images:

∀m,n, h(m,n) = f(m,n) + g(m,n).


Subtraction:
The subtraction of two images is used, for example, to detect changes.
Multiplication and division of images:
Multiplication:
Division:The division of two images allows in particular to correct non-uniform illumination.
homogeneous
Logarithmic transformation:
Each pixel is replaced by the logarithm of the pixel value. This has the effect of enhancing the
low intensity pixel values. It is often used in cases where the image dynamics
is too large to be displayed or in images where there are a few very bright points on
a darker background.
2. IMAGE TYPE CONVERSION:
Gamma transformation:
In many cameras and display devices (such as flat-screen televisions), it is
useful to be able to increase or decrease the contrast in dark gray levels and levels
light gray individually as humans have a nonlinear perception of contrast.
Requested work:
1.

The following result


2
Conclusion:
We have introduced the fundamental concepts that serve as the foundation for understanding
different image processing techniques. Several classic processing methods have
were proposed in the literature, we presented some that seem to us the most
current in the image processing and analysis process.

BUT:
Presentation of point treatments that exploit the histogram

Calculation, display, and modification of an image histogram:


The histogram: In digital imaging, the histogram represents the distribution of intensities.
(or colors) of the image. It is a fundamental tool of image processing, with very
numerous applications. Histograms are also widely used in photography and for the
image retouching.

Expansion of the dynamics:


Histogram equalization: Histogram equalization is a method for adjusting the
contrast of an image that uses the histogram. It involves applying a transformation on
each pixel of the image, and thus obtain a new image from an operation
independent for each pixel. This transformation is built from the histogram
cumulative of the starting image.
we obtained the following results:

Simple thresholding: Image thresholding is the simplest method of image segmentation.


From a grayscale image, image thresholding can be used to create an image.
containing only two values, black or white (monochrome) 1. Image thresholding
replace one by one the pixels of an image using a fixed threshold value (for example 123). Thus,
if a pixel has a value greater than the threshold (for example 150), it will take the value 255 (white), and
If its value is lower (for example 100), it will take the value 0 (black).

nous avons obtenu ces photos:


Solution to the requested work:
We are implementing the following program:

and we find the results:


Yes, we can isolate the text using thresholding.
The purpose of the 'double' command here is just to change the image.

Conclusion:
this work has been a better opportunity for us to discover and simulate the different
techniques to differentiate between textures within the same image.

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