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2 views9 pagesControl Systems and Measurement Instruments
The document provides an overview of control systems, including definitions of open and closed loop systems, their characteristics, and the importance of measurement instruments in industrial control. It discusses various types of flow measurement, level measuring instruments, thermal measuring instruments, pressure measurement systems, and transmitters. Additionally, it touches on the characteristics of pneumatic, mechanical, and electrical elements in systems, along with their functions and applications.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views9 pagesControl Systems and Measurement Instruments
The document provides an overview of control systems, including definitions of open and closed loop systems, their characteristics, and the importance of measurement instruments in industrial control. It discusses various types of flow measurement, level measuring instruments, thermal measuring instruments, pressure measurement systems, and transmitters. Additionally, it touches on the characteristics of pneumatic, mechanical, and electrical elements in systems, along with their functions and applications.
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QUESTIONS
What is a control system?
It is the set of devices that work together to achieve a goal of
control.
2. Mention the main characteristics of an open loop system.
They are those in which the output has no influence on the signal of
entry.
3. Why are measurement instruments important and necessary?
control en una industria?
Due to the needs created by the market for obtaining products
completed with the required quality guarantees and in sufficient quantity
so that the obtained price is competitive, that is why it is said that the
Measurement and control instruments are universally accepted.
4. Taking a printer as an example, how is the system described?
open loop control?
paper
System: Printing
Output: Sheet with ink
Possible disruptors: no light, mechanical failure of the
printer
5. What is the advantage of using measurement and control instruments?
Permiten el mantenimiento y la regulación de magnitudes que deben
remain constant in a production process, such as
pressure, flow rate, temperature, pH, conductivity, velocity, the
humidity, the dew point, etc.
1.- What is a control system?
Set of components that can regulate their own behavior or that of another
system in order to achieve a predetermined operation, so that it
reduce the chances of failure and obtain good results.
2.- mention the classification of control systems
Open loop
Closed loop
3.- define what a closed loop is
Systems in which the control action is based on the output signal.
These systems use feedback from a final outcome to adjust the action.
of control in consequences.
4.- mention the main components of a closed loop control system
Elm. Quotation
Corrective
Control
Of process
Level
5.- Main characteristics of the closed-loop control system
They are complex, but broad in the number of parameters.
The output is compared with the input and affects it for system control
Its feedback property+
Be more stable to perturbations and internal variations
Tail
1.- how is caudal defined
It is the amount of fluid that passes through a conduit in a given unit of time.
2.- What are the factors that influence the flow, describe each one.
Fluid flow: it depends on the pressure pushing it through a pipe, between
the higher the pressure the faster the speed
The roughness of the walls reduces the speed of the fluid
-Viscosidad: varia con los cambio de temp
density: the denser the fluid, the more it requires
thrust force to maintain a flow
3.- types of flow measurement
Magnetic, lacerating and with angular movement
4.- What are the types of measurement structures or weirs?
Rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal landfill
5.- How many types of floaters are there?
4, volumetric, trajectory and measuring and float
Classification of level measuring instruments
1.—what is snow
It is the height relative to another height,
2.- What are the direct measurement instruments?
Sounding line, tape, plumb line, spirit level, and float instruments.
3.- What is the ultrasonic level measurement system?
This type of level is based on emitting an ultrasonic impulse to a surface.
reflective and the reception of the echo of the same receiver
4.- manometric gauge
It consists of a manometer connected directly to the bottom of the tank.
5.. que es un flotador
It is an element located within the liquid, whose composition is detected by a
connection to the outside of the tank, directly indicating the level.
Thermal measuring instruments
1.- difference between heat and temperature
Heat is a form of energy and temperature is a magnitude although they are
related among us.
2.- What are the temperature scales?
Temperature is measured in degrees, and there are several scales, the two most used are: scale
Celsius and Fahrenheit and Kelvin
3.- 2 general groups in which thermometers are classified and explain them
In contact. Those whose sensor element is in intimate contact or placed
within the same environment as the body whose temperature is to be known
4.- mention two types of thermometers
- bimetálicos, termómetros a termopares y temometros a preison de gases.
5.- mention 3 different techniques to direct measurement
volume variations in materials
Electromotive force created at the junction of metals
Variation of resistance of conductors
Measuring instruments of preion
1.- What is pressure
It is a force per unit area and can be expressed in units such as
pascal, bar, atmospheres, kilograms per square centimeter and osi
2.- mention the name of a pneumatic pressure measurement system
Nozzle system. Shutter
3.- What are the types of pressure?
["Absolute, atmospheric, relative, differential, vacuum."]
4.- mention the primary elements of blood pressure measurement
Mecanicos, neumáticos, electromecánicos y electrónicos de vacio
5.- Why is it important to measure the repressed in a specific process?
-for safety
in level measurement applications.
1.- what is a transmitter
Instrument that captures the process variable and transmits it remotely to a
instrumento, registrador, controloador o una combinacin d estos.
2.- What are the transmission processes?
Duplex
Half dúplex
Simplex
3.- What are the types of transmitters?
Pneumatics
Electronics
Digital
Hydraulics
Telemetrics
4.- What are the cases in which pneumatic capacity is presented?
a) without volume variation
b.- con variación de volumen
5.- What do the electronic force balance transmitters consist of?
on a rigid beam supported at a point on which two forces act
equilibrio
a. Force exerted by mechanical measuring element (bourdon tube, spiral,
bellows
b. The electromagnetic force of a magnetic unit
Description of the characteristics of pneumatic mechanical electric elements
the hydraulics
1.- define the active elements of an electrical system
They are those that transform any energy into electrical energy.
proc that can be reversible or not, we refer to the voltage generators and
of current
What is a transformer?
Electrical device that consists of a wire coil located next to a or
various more bobbins and that is used to connect two or more current circuits
alternating while taking advantage of the induction effect between the coils
What is the function of a transmission mechanism?
Transmission mechanisms are responsible for transmitting rotational movement between distant shafts.
They are formed by a driving motor tree and another conducting one.
Function of the distributor valve
It allows making and ordering changes in the direction of the hydraulic fluid, according to
the needs of each phase of the work cycle, opening or closing
certain passageways.
5.- in a hydraulic system the function of pumps and motors
Provide adequate pressure and flow of liquid to the installation
Development of model x electrical and hydraulic differential equation
1.- type of mod used for mechanical and pneumatic systems and why
The analytical one because it is the one that applies to the corresponding physical laws for each
sistema formado una estructura y dando como resultado una función
2.- Que es un sistema
It is a set and combination of elements and components that work together.
to perform a defined function
What is a mechanical system?
It is a system of solid elements that generate movement by action or effect of
a force
What is a pneumatic system and how does it operate?
It is a system that is based on the mechanics that studies and applies the obtained force.
through pressurized air
A pneumatic system makes use of the pressure and volume of compressed air.
5.- The modeling for a mechanical system is based on the law.
Part of Newton's 1st law
F=ma