Descriptive Geometry Syllabus - National University
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ScribdTranslationsDescriptive Geometry Syllabus - National University
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ScribdTranslationsNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARCOS
SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
SYLLABUS OF DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY AND DESIGN
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
Course Code : 171102
2. Study Cycle : II
3. Academic Semester : 2010-II
4. Credit Number : 4.0
5. Number of Weekly Hours: 2HT, 4HP
6. Prerequisites : TECHNICAL DRAWING
7. Academic Department: Design and Industrial Technology
8. Teachers : Ing. FAUSTO RAMIREZ MORALES
Ing. MAXIMO PALOMINO PEREZ
II. SUMMARY: Develops the ability of geometric imagination. Trains the student in problem solving.
graph of geometric problems, the basic geometric elements are studied
(point, line, planes, surfaces and polyhedra) and the relative positions between them (parallelism,
perpendicularity, distances, angles, and intersections) the development of is analyzed and executed
surface elements present in the industry
III. OBJETIVOS:
a) General Objectives:
In terms of training, the course aims to develop the ability for geometric imagination and
to foster habits of discipline, methodology, precision, and quality in the students' work
which will allow them to face security and trust general engineering problems.
In the instrumental aspect, the objective of the course is to analyze, establish, and practice the foundations.
theoretical aspects of engineering drawing and design.
b) Objetivos Específicos:
Upon completing the study of the theory and practice of the course, the student should be able to:
A) State and apply without errors the terminology and basic principles of metric geometry.
descriptive
B) Determine metric characteristics and relative position among the geometric elements
components of a problem or design applying the corresponding procedures without
errors
C) Analyze problems, propose a solution plan, and execute it in the debugging with
safety, accuracy, and quality
D) Analyze technical objects of linear shapes, flat surfaces, non-flat surfaces, and volumetric shapes
proposing improvements in its functional or aesthetic design
Develop and unfold three-dimensional surfaces by analyzing their functionality and
proposing improvements
IV. THEMATIC UNITS:
1st WEEK: Contents: The Point: Construction of the representation system, principles of
the orthogonal projection, terminology, refinement of the point. Plotting a point by
coordinates. Relative positions of two points. Successive projections of points or of
solids. Activities: The application of the principles of descriptive geometry is practiced.
through problems on primary and auxiliary projections of points and solids.
Separate from proposed problems.
2nd WEEK: Contents: The Line: Generalities, particular positions, lines that are
cross, parallel and perpendicular. Orientation. Projection in true magnitude and as a
punto. Orientación y [Link]:Se resuelven problemas ilustrativos. Separata de
proposed problems
3rd WEEK: Content: The Plane: Determination, lines, and points contained in the plane.
Notable lines, particular positions of the plane. Orientation and slope. Projections of
circle. Activities: Illustrative problems are solved. Separate sheet of proposed problems.
First graded practice
4th WEEK: Contents: Lines and Planes: Intersection between line and edge plane,
plane-plane intersection of edge, visibility rule, line-plane intersection (method of
shearing plane), intersection of planes: visibility method and shearing plane method
general of shear plane. Activities: Illustrative problems are solved. Supplement of
proposed problems
5th WEEK: Content: Lines and planes: Conditions of parallelism and perpendicularity
between lines and planes. Basic constructions: from a point draw a plane perpendicular to a
Given line. Midplane. From a point, draw a plane perpendicular to a plane.
perpendicular to a given plane and parallel to a given line. Activities: Solutions are provided.
illustrative problems. Supplement of proposed problems
6TH WEEK: Content: DISTANCES: Shortest distance from a point to a line.
Shortest distance from a point to a plane. Minimum common perpendicular distance, horizontal
and with a given slope between two intersecting lines. Methods. Angle between lines, angle
line - plane and plane - plane. Methods. Activities: Problems are solved
illustrative. Separate section of proposed problems. Second graded practice
7TH WEEK: Content: ANGLES: Angle between lines, right angle plane and angle -
plan. Methods, applications. Activities: Illustrative problems are solved. Separate from
proposed problems.
8th WEEK: MIDTERM EXAM: (Point, line, plane, intersections, parallelism and
perpendicularity, distance and angles
9° SEMANA: Contenido: Poliedros:Su representación. Intersección de rectas con poliedros.
Prism and pyramid. Shear plane method. Intersection of planes with polyhedra. Method:
from the side view and the cutting plane. Activities: Illustrative problems are solved.
Separate from proposed problems.
10th WEEK: Content: Intersection of polyhedra: Types of intersections and system of
numbering. Intersection of two prisms; Method of the edge view and the cutting plane.
Intersection of two pyramids and a prism. Method: from the edge view and the cutting plane.
Actividades:Se resuelven problemas ilustrativos. Separata de problemas propuestos. Tercera
Qualified Practice
11th WEEK: Content: Surfaces: Their representation and classification, applications,
intersection of a line with a surface of revolution. Cone, cylinder, and sphere. Activities:
Illustrative problems are solved. Supplement of proposed problems.
12th WEEK: Content: Intersection of Plane with surfaces of revolution: Method of
shear plane, conic sections. Activities: Illustrative problems are solved. Handout
of proposed problems
13th WEEK: Content: Intersection of Surfaces of Revolution: Types of Intersections
and numbering system. Intersection between cones, intersection between cylinders, intersection
cylinder - cone. Activities: Illustrative problems are solved. Problem handout
proposed. Fourth Qualified Practice
14° SEMANA: Contenido: Desarrollos:Definición y métodos. Desarrollo de una pirámide
straight, truncated oblique. Development of a straight cone, truncated oblique. Development of a
straight and oblique prism. Development of a straight and oblique cylinder. Activities: Solutions are provided.
illustrative problems. Separate document of proposed problems.
15° SEMANA: Contenido: Desarrollos:Desarrollo de piezas de transición o adaptadores.
Method by triangulation. Development of the intersection of two polyhedra: prisms and
pyramids. Development of the intersection of two surfaces of revolution: cone and cylinder.
Actividades:Se resuelven problemas ilustrativos. Separata de problemas propuestos
16TH WEEK: FINAL EXAM: (Intersection of line with polyhedron and between polyhedra,
intersection of lines with surfaces and between surfaces and developments) Presentation of works
of Research
17° SEMANA: EXAMEN ADICIONALES:(Todo el curso)
V. EVALUACIÓN
QUALIFIED PRACTICES (PP): The average of the three best grades is considered.
WORKS (PT): The average of the homeworks (Separatas) and of the
research work.
MIDTERM EXAM (ME)
FINAL EXAM (FE)
REPLACEMENT EXAM: It replaces the lowest grade of the exams.
PP+ PT EP+ EF
FINAL AVERAGE =
4
The minimum passing grade is 10.5, which is rounded to 11 (eleven).
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.R. CHOZA NOSIGLIA. DESKRÉP, Geometría Descriptiva. 1987. Editorial: Universitas
[Link] C., ALEJANDRO. Geometría Descriptiva.1992. Editorial: Espamir, Lima, Perú
[Link]É E. G. LOVING Y HILL. Geometría Descriptiva.1979. Editorial: Interamericana, S.A.
Cedro 512 Mexico 4,. D.F. 418 pages
[Link] Y MC FARLAND, Geometría Descriptiva. 1976. Editorial: Continental, S.A, México
22, D.F. 418 pages
[Link] M. SLAVY, Geometría Descriptiva Tridimensional.1968. Editorial: Publicaciones
Cultural S.A. Lago Mayor 1986. Mexico City 13 D.F. 463 pages
[Link] B. VICTOR. Geometría Descriptiva: Teoría y Problemas: 2000. Editorial: V.B. Lima
Peru, 590 pages, Thematic Unit No. 04: Developments: page 426
[Link], B. LEIGHTON, Geometría Descriptiva.1973. Editorial Reverté S.A.
Constitución, 19, Barcelona, 14 España. 622 páginas.
Common questions
Powered by AILearning geometric imagination benefits industrial engineering students by enhancing their ability to visualize complex spatial relationships and abstract geometric concepts, crucial for innovative design and problem-solving. This skill promotes intuitive understanding of form and function, enabling students to conceptualize solutions to engineering problems effectively. Geometric imagination fosters creativity, allowing for the development of designs that are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing, thus preparing students for the demands of modern industrial engineering .
The principles of descriptive geometry can improve industrial design processes by providing a methodological approach to visualizing and solving three-dimensional problems. These principles help in accurately projecting geometric shapes onto different planes, analyzing relative positions, and calculating intersections and distances between geometric elements. This analytical capability is essential for optimizing design and improving the functionality and aesthetics of industrial products, as it allows for precise development and unfolding of surfaces, thus facilitating efficient material use and component integration .
Understanding polyhedral intersections enhances one's capability in geometric design by enabling the precise calculation and representation of complex spatial relationships. Intersections reveal the interaction of geometric forms, which is critical in determining structural integrity and aesthetic connections in design elements like prisms and pyramids. This knowledge guides the designer in creating more efficient and visually appealing projects. Additionally, methods such as the edge view and cutting plane techniques help in visualizing and solving three-dimensional design challenges, essential for accurate project execution .
Geometric elements such as point, line, and plane are fundamental in solving engineering design problems because they form the basis for understanding spatial relationships and constructing geometric shapes. Points are used to determine positions, lines represent the shortest distance between two points and their orientation, while planes serve as the reference for positioning other elements. Understanding their intersections and relative positions, such as parallelism and perpendicularity, is crucial for precise and efficient design solutions in industrial applications .
Mid-plane construction techniques are essential in solving three-dimensional geometric problems because they provide a reference for dividing objects and defining symmetry, crucial for balanced design and structural analysis. These techniques facilitate the accurate bisecting of planes and volumes, simplifying complex calculations and enhancing the precision of measurements necessary for assembling components. By using mid-planes, designers can ensure that their solutions adhere to necessary standards of symmetry and functionality, contributing to efficient and effective design resolutions .
The course objectives align with the development of problem-solving skills by emphasizing the ability to analyze and apply geometric principles to solve complex design problems accurately and safely. By training students in the theoretical and practical aspects of descriptive geometry, the course cultivates discipline, precision, and critical thinking necessary for tackling engineering design challenges. Students learn to state and apply geometric terminology, determine metric characteristics, and propose solution plans for technical object improvements, which collectively enhance their capability in industrial design problem resolution .
Intersection methods, such as the shear plane method, play a crucial role in geometric design by providing accurate techniques for determining where and how geometric elements intersect. This understanding is vital for designing components that must fit together precisely, such as joints in structural designs or connections in mechanical parts. These methods enhance the designer's ability to visualize complex intersections and apply these insights to create functional and aesthetically pleasing designs, reducing potential for error and enhancing overall efficiency and effectiveness of the design process .
The ability to derive the shortest distance from a point to a line or a plane significantly impacts the drafting and design process by ensuring precision in component placement and assembly. This calculation allows designers to optimize spatial configurations, enhance the accuracy of constructions, and reduce material waste by determining the most efficient and effective connections within a design. It also aids in the development of complex geometries and supports the creation of designs that achieve functional and aesthetic objectives, essential for competitive industrial production .
Effective use of projection principles affects the quality and accuracy of industrial designs by providing clear and precise representations of three-dimensional objects on two-dimensional surfaces. This accuracy is crucial for identifying design flaws, ensuring that all components fit together seamlessly, and facilitating communication between different engineering teams. By mastering orthogonal and auxiliary projections, designers are equipped to reduce errors, minimize material wastage, and optimize the production process, ultimately leading to higher-quality products and increased competitiveness in the market .
The course integrates theoretical and practical aspects of engineering drawing by using a structured curriculum that simultaneously imparts foundational geometric theory and applies these concepts through hands-on problem-solving activities. This dual approach ensures students not only understand geometric laws and projections but also develop practical skills in drawing and designing. Weekly activities focus on solving illustrative problems and graded practices which reinforce learning through application, thereby preparing students for real-world engineering challenges .