Graphical interface in Python with Tkinter

1 - Graphical interfaces in Python

Pythonprovidesvariousoptionstodevelopgraphicaluserinterfaces(GUI)throughmany

libraries

1. Tkinter:TkinteristhePythoninterfacefortheTkGUIlibrarythatcomeswith
[Link] studyitindetailinthischapter.
2. wxPython:ThisisafreeandopensourceimplementationinPython
fromthewxWidgetsprogramminginterface.
3. PyQt:ItisalsoaPythoninterfaceforalibrary
popularmulti-platformQtgraphicalinterface.
4. JPython:JPythonisaPythontoolforJava,whichgivesPythonscripts
transparentaccesstoJavaclasslibraries.

Therearemanyothergraphicalinterfacesavailablethatyoucanfindontheinternet.

2-TheTkintergraphiclibrary

[Link],whenitis

combinedwithTkinter,[Link]
providesapowerful,simple,anduser-friendlyobject-orientedinterface.

[Link]

allyouhavetodoisfollowthesesteps:

1. ImporttheTkintermodule.
2. Createthemainwindowofthegraphicalapplicationthroughaninstantiationonthe
classTk.
3. Enterthemaineventlooptoactagainsteachevent
triggeredbytheuser.

Example:creatingasimpleTkinterwindow
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
1) - Importing the tkinter library
from tkinter import *

Creation of a tkinter window by instantiating the

class Tk
maFenetre= Tk()

your widgets here: command button, input field, labels...

Enter the main event loop

[Link]()

Whatisdisplayedafterexecution:

Tkinter Widgets
TheTkinterlibraryprovidesvariouscontrols,suchasbuttons,labels,andareasof

[Link].

[Link]

mainwidgetsaswellasabriefdescription:

[Link]:TheButtonwidgetallowsyoutocreatebuttonsforyourapplication.

[Link]:theCanvawidgetallowsyoutodrawshapes,suchaslines,ovals,

polygonsandrectangles,inyourapplication.

[Link]:theCheckbuttonwidgetallowsdisplayingacertainnumberofoptionsintheformof

[Link].

[Link]:theEntrywidgetisusedtodisplayasingle-linetextfieldallowing
toacceptauser'svalues.

[Link]:theFramewidgetisusedasacontainerwidgettoorganizeotherwidgets.

widgets.

[Link]:Thelabelwidgetisusedtoprovideacaptionordescriptionforotherwidgets.

canalsocontainimages.

[Link]:TheListboxwidgetisusedtoprovidealistofoptionstoauser.

[Link]:themenubuttonwidgetisusedtodisplaymenusinyourapplication.

[Link]:[Link]

arecontainedinMenubutton.

[Link]:theMessagewidgetisusedtodisplaymultilinetextfieldsallowing

toacceptuservalues.

[Link]:theRadiobuttonwidgetisusedtodisplayanumberofoptionsunder

[Link].
[Link]:theScalewidgetisusedtoprovideasliderwidget.

[Link]:TheScrollbarwidgetorscrollbarisusedtoaddascrollingfeature

scrollingthroughvariouswidgets,suchaslistareas.

TheTextwidgetisusedtodisplaytextovermultiplelines.

[Link]:TheToplevelwidgetisusedtoprovideaseparatewindowcontainer.

[Link]:theSpinboxwidgetisavariantofthestandardTkinterEntrywidget,whichcanbeused

toselectafixednumberofvalues.

[Link]:thePanedWindowwidgetisacontainerthatcanholdanynumberof
shutters,arrangedhorizontallyorvertically.

[Link]:[Link]

likeaninterleaveroracontainerforcomplexwindowarrangements.

[Link]:thismoduleisusedtodisplaymessageboxesinyourapplications.

Python and the Pillow image processing library

1-PillowandimagemanipulationonaTkinterwindow

1.1 - The Pillow library

Toprocessimages,[Link]

asuccessorforkofthePIL(PythonImagingLibrary)[Link]

quicktothedatacontainedinanimage,itisendowedwithamagicalandpowerfulabilityforthe

processingandmanipulationofdifferentimagefileformatssuchasPNG,JPEG,GIF,
TIFFetBMP..

1.2-InstallationofthePillowlibrary

ThePillowslibraryisinstalledinaverysimplewayusingthepiputility:
pip install pillow
2-InsertinganimageusingthePillowlibrary

NowthatthePillowlibraryisinstalled,itcanbeusedtoinsertandmanipulateimages.

[Link],simplyimportitandcreateanimageobjectto

startingfromafile:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

Creation of the image object

load= [Link]("chemin_vers_le_fichier_images")

Creation of the photo from the image object

photo= [Link](load)

Tounderstandwell,wewilladdressthisthroughasimpleexample:

[Link]
Let'sputtheimageinafoldernamedimages
Let'screateapythonfileinthesamedirectoryastheimagesfolderand
let'sputthefollowingcode:

Exampleofimageinsertion
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

root = Tk()
[Link]("Tkinter window")
[Link]("300x200")

Creation of the image object

load= [Link]("images/[Link]")
Creation of the photo from the image object
photo= [Link](load)

Place the image in a label

label_image= Label(root,image=photo)
label_image.place(x=0, y=0)
[Link]()

Whatisdisplayedafterexecution:

Resizing the image

ThePillowlibraryalsoallowsresizingtheimageusingthethumbnail()method.

specifyingthedimensionsinpixelsinparentheses:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
Creation of the image object
load= [Link]("images/[Link]")

Resize the image

[Link]((50,50))

Tkinter ComboBox List

[Link]

[Link]

inputcombinationanddrop-downmenu,[Link]

rightarrow,youwillseeadrop-downmenuindicatingallpossiblechoices.
TocreateaComboBoxlist,youneedtofollowthesesteps:

1. ImporttheTkinterlibraryandthettkmodule
2. CreateaPythonlistcontainingtheelementsoftheComboBoxlist.

3. [Link]()
4. Choosetheelementthatisdisplayedbydefault,byindicatingitsindex.

Example
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
1) - Importation of necessary modules
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root= [Link]()
[Link]('300x200')

labelChoix= [Link](root, text= Please make a choice!

[Link]()

# 2) - create the Python list containing the elements of the Combobox list
listeProduits=["Laptop", ["Printer","Tablet","Smartphone"]

3) - Creation of the Combobox using the method [Link]()

comboList= [Link](root, values=productList)

4) - Choose the element that is displayed by default

[Link](0)

[Link]()
[Link]()

Whatisdisplayedafterexecution:

2–Associeruneactionàlalistecombobox(bindaction)

YouhaveundoubtedlynoticedthatifyouselectanitemfromtheComboboxlist,

noeventoccurs,simplybecausewehavenotassociatedanyactionwiththelist

[Link],wewillshowhowtocreateanactionlinkedtothiscombobox.
2.1-Anactionbinding(bindaction)iscreatedusingthecommand:

[Link]("<<ComboboxSelected>>", action)

2.2-Wecreatetheactionmethod

def action(event):

Get the selected item

select = [Link]()
You have selected: '

2.3Finalcodeofthecomboboxlistwithlinkedaction

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

1) - Importing necessary modules
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root= [Link]()
[Link]('300x200')

def action(event):

Get the selected element

select = [Link]()
You have selected: '

labelChoix= [Link](root, text= Please make a choice!

[Link]()

2) - create the Python list containing the elements of the Combobox list
listeProduits=["Laptop", ["Printer","Tablet","Smartphone"]

3) - Creating the Combobox using the method [Link]()

comboList = [Link](root, values=productList)

4) - Choose the item that appears by default

[Link](0)

[Link]()
[Link]("<<ComboboxSelected>>", action)

[Link]()

The Filedialog module Python Tkinter

1- The Filedialogue module and the associated methods

FileDialogisamodulewithopenandsavedialogfunctions,whichcanhelpyou

helpimproveyourTkintergraphicalinterfacetoopenorsaveyourfiles.

TheFiledialoguemodulehasthreemainmethods:
 1. askopenfilename():displaysadialogboxthataskstoopena
existingfile.
2. asksaveasfilename():displaysadialogboxthatallowsyoutosavea
file
3. askdirectory():displaysadialogboxthataskstoopena
directory.

2-Themethodaskopenfilename

Asweexplainedabove,thismethoddisplaysadialogboxthatasksfor

[Link]

followingparameters:

1. initialdir:allowspointingtoaninitialdirectoryuponopening.
2. title:quipermetdepersonnaliserletitredelaboitededialogue
3. filetypes:whichallowsspecifyingthetypesoffilestoopen

[Link]
from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinter import *

filename= [Link](initialdir= "/",title="Select

File
files","*.*"))
print(filename)

Byexecutingthiscode,wewillseethefollowingdialogboxappearthatpointstotherootofthe

diskC:\
Remark

Youhaveundoubtedlynoticedthatasmallpopupwindowappearswiththedialogbox!

togetridofthislastone,simplyusethemethodwithdraw():
from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinter import *
Tk().withdraw()
filename= [Link](initialdir= "/",title="Select
File
files","*.*"))
print(filename)

3-Themethodasksaveasfilename

Thismethodissimilartothepreviousone,exceptthatitsavesafileinsteadof

openitanditthereforehasexactlythesameparameters.

[Link]
from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinterimport *
Tk().withdraw()
filename= [Link](initialdir= "/",title= Select
file", filetypes= (("png files","*.png"),("jpeg files","*.jpg"),("all
files","*.*"))
print(filename)
4 - The askdirectory method

Aswehavealreadymentioned,thismethodaskstheusertochoosethedirectoryto

[Link],itwillbestoredinavariableoftype

stringthatcontainsthepathtotheselecteddirectory.

[Link]
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog

Tk().withdraw()
myDirectory= [Link]()
print (myDirectory)

Mini Python Project: Creation of a text editor part 1

1 - Creation of the system hierarchy

Beforestartingtocode,[Link]

next:

1. libraryrepresentsthesystem'slibrarydirectory(modulesand
Thisdirectorycontainsanemptyfilenamed__init__.pywhichindicatesto
thePythoninterpreterthatitisthedirectoryofamodule.
2. [Link]:representsthesystemlibrarythatwil containallthe
Pythonclassesnecessaryfortheoperationofthesystem.
 3. [Link]:[Link]
thefilecontainsverylittlecode,usuallytheinstancesoftheclasses
[Link]

[Link]

2.1Importingthetkinterlibrary

Theeditorwewanttocreatemanipulatesgraphicobjects:windows,buttons,labels,messageboxes.

dialogue…[Link]

Tkinterforthisproject:
from tkinter import *
import os
savedFile= {1:""}

Note:

Thethirdlinewillallowustostorethequeuedobjectsthatdonotfitinaninstance.

class.

2.2- Creation of the main class of the file [Link]

from tkinter import *

import os
savedFile= {1:""}
class Win:
def __init__(self, master, content):
Main window
[Link] = master
Main Text Widget
[Link]=content
Creation of the tkinter window
def create(self):
[Link]= Tk()
Text Editor
[Link]("700x550")
Method that adds the text area
def add_text(self):
[Link] = Text([Link])
[Link](expand=1, fill='both')
Main window generation
def generate(self):
[Link]()

2.3-AddingMenus

Tounderstandthemethodofaddingmenus,pleasereviewthetutorial(page18)onthemenus.

Wegostraighttothecodethataddsamethodadd_menu()thatallowsplaying.

the case:
def add_menu(self):
Creation of the menu bar
menuBar = Menu([Link])
2 - Creation of the File menu
menuFichier = Menu(menuBar,tearoff=0)
menuBar.add_cascade(label= File
Creation of the submenus of the File menu
menuFichier.add_command(label="Nouveau", command=[Link])
menuFile.add_command(label="Open", command=[Link])
menuFichier.add_command(label="Enregistrer", command=[Link])
menuFile.add_command(label="Save as"
command=[Link]
menuFichier.add_command(label="Quitter", command= [Link])
[Link](menu= menuBar)
#3 - Creation of the Edition Menu
menuEdition= Menu(menuBar,tearoff=0)
menuBar.add_cascade(label= Edition
menuEdition.add_command(label="Cancel")
menuEdition.add_command(label="Restore")
menuEdition.add_command(label="Copy", command=[Link])
menuEdition.add_command(label="Couper", command= [Link])
menuEdition.add_command(label="Coller", command=[Link])
#4 - Creation of the Tools Menu
menuOutils = Menu(menuBar,tearoff=0)
menuBar.add_cascade(label= Tools
menuTools.add_command(label="Preferences")
Creation of the Help Menu
menuAide = Menu(menuBar,tearoff=0)
menuBar.add_cascade(label= Help
menuAide.add_command(label="A propos")

2.4–Addingcommandsformenus

Sofar,thecreatedmenusarenotfunctional,aswehavenotyetcreatedthem.

commands!Wemustthereforeassociateacommandwitheachmenu:
command= nom_de_la_commande

Wethenneedtocreateanactionforeachorderthathasthesamename:
def command_name():
#action code here

Codeofthemenuactions
#======================================
Definition of menu actions
#======================================
#------------------------------ #
File menu actions
#-------------------------------
def quitter(self):
[Link]()
def new(self):
[Link]("python [Link]")
def fopen(self):
file = [Link]=
[Link](initialdir= "/",title= Select
File", file types = (("Text Files","*.txt"),("all files","*.*")))
fp = open(file, "r")
r = [Link]()
[Link](1.0, r)
# Menu Enregistrer sous
def saveAs(self):
create save dialog

file=[Link]=[Link](initialdir=
"/",title= Save As\ File
Text","*.txt"),("All files","*.*"))
file = file + .txt
Using the dictionary to store the file
savedFile[1] file
f = open(file, "w")
s = [Link]("1.0", END)
[Link](s)
[Link]()
# menu Enregistrer
def save(self):
if(savedFile[1] ==""):
[Link]()
else:
f = open(savedFile[1], "w")
s = [Link]("1.0", END)
[Link](s)
[Link]()
#------------------------------
Editing menu actions
#------------------------------
def copy(self):
[Link].clipboard_clear()
[Link].clipboard_append([Link].selection_get())
def past(self):
[Link](INSERT, [Link].clipboard_get())
def cut(self):
[Link]()
[Link]("[Link]", "[Link]")

Remark

Theactionsassociatedwiththemenusmustbeplacedbeforethefunctionsthatdefinethemenus.
[Link](CodeonPastebin)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#------------------------------
# Author : Y. DERFOUFI
# Author Title : Professeur Agrégé de mathématiques & Docteur en Math-
Computing
# Compagny : CRMEF OUJDA
#-----------------------------
from tkinter import *
import os
savedFile= {1:""}

#======================================
1 - Main window class
#======================================
class Win:
def __init__(self, master, content):
Main window
[Link] = master
Main Text Widget
[Link]=content
Creation of the tkinter window
def create(self):
[Link]= Tk()
Text Editor
[Link]('700x550')
Method that adds the text area
def add_text(self):
[Link] = Text([Link])
[Link](expand=1, fill='both')
Generation of the main window
def generate(self):
[Link]()

#======================================
2 - Definition of menu actions
#======================================
#------------------------------
2.1 - actions of the File menu
#-------------------------------
def exit(self):
[Link]()
def new(self):
[Link]("python [Link]")
def fopen(self):
file = [Link]=
[Link](initialdir= "/",title= Select
File",filetypes= (("Text Files","*.txt"),("all files","*.*")))
fp = open(file, "r")
r = [Link]()
[Link](1.0, r)
Save As
def saveAs(self):
create save dialog

file=[Link]=[Link](initialdir=
"/",title= Save As\ File
Texte","*.txt"),("Tous les fichiers","*.*")))
file = file + .txt
Using the dictionary to store the file
savedFile[1] file
f = open(file, "w")
s = [Link]("1.0", END)
[Link](s)
[Link]()
# menu Enregistrer
def save(self):
if(savedFile[1] ==""):
[Link]()
else:
f = open(savedFile[1],"w")
s = [Link]("1.0", END)
[Link](s)
[Link]()
#------------------------------
2.2 - Edit menu actions
#------------------------------
def copy(self):
[Link].clipboard_clear()
[Link].clipboard_append([Link].selection_get())
def past(self):
[Link](INSERT, [Link].clipboard_get())
def cut(self):
[Link]()
[Link]("[Link]", "[Link]")

#======================================
2 - Methods for Adding Menus
#======================================
def add_menu(self):
1 - Creation of the menu bar
menuBar = Menu([Link])
2 - Creation of the File menu
menuFichier = Menu(menuBar,tearoff=0)
menuBar.add_cascade(label= File
Creation of submenus in the File menu
menuFichier.add_command(label="Nouveau", command=[Link])
menuFichier.add_command(label="Ouvrir", command=[Link])
menuFichier.add_command(label="Enregistrer", command=[Link])
menuFichier.add_command(label="Enregistrer sous",
command=[Link]
menuFichier.add_command(label="Quitter", command= [Link])
[Link](menu= menuBar)
#3 - Creation of the Edit Menu
menuEdition= Menu(menuBar,tearoff=0)
menuBar.add_cascade(label= Edition
menuEdition.add_command(label="Cancel")
Restore
menuEdition.add_command(label="Copy", command=[Link])
menuEdition.add_command(label="Couper", command= [Link])
menuEdition.add_command(label="Paste", command=[Link])
#4 - Creation of the Tools Menu
menuOutils = Menu(menuBar,tearoff=0)
menuBar.add_cascade(label= Tools
menuTools.add_command(label="Preferences")
Creation of the Help Menu
menuAide = Menu(menuBar, tearoff=0)
menuBar.add_cascade(label= Help
menuHelp.add_command(label='About')
3- Code of the main file [Link] (Code on pastbin)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
Importing the necessary libraries
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog

Importation of the module [Link]

from [Link] import *

Creation of the dictionary that stores file objects

savedFile= {1:""}

Creation of an instance on the main class

root= Win("root","c")

Call the methods that create the window object with all its components
[Link]()
root.add_text()
root.add_menu()
[Link]()

4-PublisherOverview

Ifyouhavecodedyoursystemwellandeverythingisgoingwell,hereisanoverviewofyourlittletexteditor:

wxPython graphical interface

1– Introduction

DevelopedbyRobinDunnwithHarriPasanen,wxPythonisimplementedasamodule.

[Link]:alibrarywhosemainfunctionis
tocallandquerythemodulesandfunctionsofanotherlibrary:wxWidgets(writteninC++),

apopularmulti-platformgraphicalinterfacetoolkit.

LikeallwxWidgets,[Link].

official[Link]

[Link]

beinstalleddirectlyviathepiputility.

[Link]

classewxObject,quiconstituelabasedetouteslesclassesdel’[Link]ôlecontient

[Link]
example,[Link],[Link],[Link](modifiabletextcontrol),etc.

ThewxPythonAPIhasaGDI(GraphicsDeviceInterface)[Link].

[Link],color,brush,[Link]

[Link],werecommendyoutoseethe
officialdocumentationonthelibrary'swiki:[Link]

2-InstallingwxPythonandfirstprogram

2.1-InstallationofthewxPythonlibrary

ToinstallthewxPythonlibrary,[Link].

cmdandtype:
pip install -U wxPython
2.2– Firstprogram'HelloWorld!'withwxPython

Wewillnowseehowtocreateourfirst'HelloWorld!'windowwithwxPython.

Forthiswemust:

1. ImportthewxPythonlibrary:usingthecommandimportwx
2. CreateanapplicationobjectusingtheApp()method:app=[Link]()
3. Createaframe(frame):frame=[Link]()
4. VisualizetheframeusingtheShow()method:[Link]()
5. ImplementtheapplicationusingtheMainloop()method:[Link]()
Importing the wxPython library.
import wx

Creation of an application object using the App() method.

app= [Link]()

Creation of a frame without parent.

frame= [Link](None)

Visualize the frame.

[Link]()
[Link]()

Whatdisplaysafterexecution:

2.3Propertiesofaframewindow

AwindowfromthewxPythonlibraryisequippedwithmanyproperties:title,SetSize,

BackgroundColour…

Example.Windowofdimension400×200withagreenbackground
Importing the wxPython library.
import wx

Creation of an application object using the App() method.

app= [Link]()

Creation of a frame without a parent.

frame = [Link](None)

Window properties
[Link]= Hello World!
[Link]= green
[Link](0,0,400,200)

View the frame.

[Link]()
[Link]()

3-wxPythonwidgets

wxPythonhasawiderangeofvariouswidgets,includingbuttons,checkboxes,

cursorsandlistareas.

1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
5. [Link]
6. [Link]
7. [Link]
8. [Link]
9. [Link]
10. [Link]
11. [Link]
12. [Link]
13. [Link]

3.1–[Link]

[Link],youneedto:

1. CreateamainframewiththeFrame()method
2. CreateapanelusingthePanel()method
3. Addthebuttontothepanel
3.1.1–Creatingasimplebutton

[Link]
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import wx

app= [Link]()
frame = [Link](None, title='Window with button')
[Link](0,0,350,200)

Create a Panel
panel= [Link](frame)

Add a button to the panel

button= [Link](panel,label="un simple bouton")

[Link]()
[Link]()

Thisdisplaysabuttoninthetopleftcornerofthewindow.

Butwecaneasilychangethepositionanddimensionsofthebuttonusingthe

methodSetSize():
[Link](50,50,200,30)

3.1.2–Associateanactionwithacommandbutton

Toassociateanactioneventwithacommandbutton,simplydefinetheeventon

aPythonmethodandlinkittothebuttonusingthebind()method:
[Link](wx.EVT_BUTTON, action)
Example:closebuttonofawindow.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import wx

def action(event):
[Link]()

app = [Link]()
frame= [Link](None, title='Window with button')
[Link](0,0,350,200)

Create a Panel
panel= [Link](frame)

Add a button to the panel

button= [Link](panel,label="un simple bouton")
[Link](50,50,200,30)

Associate the close event with the button

[Link](wx.EVT_BUTTON, action)

[Link]()
[Link]()

Byexecutingthecodeabove,wegetthefollowingwindowwithaclosebutton:

Andnowbyclickingthebutton,thewindowclosesautomatically.

3.2TheStaticTextwidget(label)

TocreatealabelonawxPythonwindow,weusetheStaticTextwidget:

Example
import wx

app= [Link]()
window= [Link](None, title= wxPython Frame (300,200)

add Panel
panel= [Link](window)
[Link]="white"

Create Label on panel

label= [Link](panel, label= Hello World (100,50))
[Link](True)
[Link]()

4-miniappwxPython

Wearenowgoingtocreateasmallapplicationthatshowstheuserasmallwindow.

askingtoentertheirnameanddisplayawelcomemessageafterclickingthebutton

ofvalidation.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import wx

def action(event):
s = [Link]()
[Link]("Bienvenue : " + s)

app= [Link]()
frame= [Link](None, title='Window with button')

[Link](0,0,550,300)

Create a Panel
panel = [Link](frame)

# === Label nom & sortie ===

lblNom= [Link](panel)
[Link](50,50,100,10)
[Link]("Saisir votre nom")
lblResult= [Link](panel)
[Link]("")
[Link](200, 100, 100, 20)

# === TextEntry ===

edit= [Link](panel)
[Link](200,50,200,30)

=== Add a button to the panel ===

button= [Link](panel,label="Valider")
[Link](200,150,200,30)

=== Associate the close event with the button ===

[Link](wx.EVT_BUTTON, action)

[Link]()
[Link]()

Whatisdisplayedafterexecutingthecode:

The PyQt5 graphic library

1 - About PyQt5

PyQtestisalibraryconsideredasabridgebetweenthePythonlanguageandtheGUItoolkit.

Qttoolkit,whichcanbequicklyinstalledwiththepiputilityimplementedasamodule

[Link]

underconditionssimilartopreviousQtversionsandthismeansavarietyofdelicacies,including
theGNUGeneralPublicLicense(GPL)andthecommerciallicense,butnottheGNULesserGeneralPublicLicense

PublicLicense(LGPL).PyQtsupportsMicrosoftWindowsaswellasvariousversionsofUNIX.
includingLinuxandMacOS(orDarwin).PyQtimplementsaround440classesandmorethan6,000

functionsandmethods.

2-InstallationofPyQt5andfirstprogram

2.1-InstallationofPyQt5

ThePyQt5librarycanbeeasilyinstalledviathepiputility:
pip3 install pyqt5
AfterinstallingthePyQt5library,weneedtoinstalltheauxiliarytoolsusing

thecommandprompt:
pip3 install pyqt5-tools

2.2-FirstPyQt5graphicalwindow

TocreateagraphicalwindowinPyQt5,wemust:

1. Importthesystemmodule:sys
2. Importtheclassthatgeneratestheapplication:QApplicationsfromthepackage
[Link]
3. [Link]
4. Createanapplicationusingtheinstance()methodoftheclass
QApplication
5. CreateawindowusingtheQWidget()method:fen=QWidget()
6. Visualizethewindowusingtheshow()method:[Link]()
7. Runtheapplicationusingtheexec_()method:app.exec_()

FirstgraphicalwindowcodewithPyQt5:
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
Necessary imports for the creation of a graphical interface
import sys
from [Link] import QApplication, QWidget

Creating a Qt application with QApplication

app= [Link]()

we check if there is already an instance of QApplication

if not app
otherwise we create an instance of QApplication
app = QApplication([Link])

We create a window using the QWidget object

fen= QWidget()

we give a title to the window

[Link]("My first window")

We set the size of the window

[Link](500,250)

we visualize the window

[Link]()

Execution of the application, execution allows managing events.

app.exec_()

Whatdisplaysanicewindowatruntime: