Scribd
Upload
11 views2 pages

Data Link & Network Layer Overview

Unit 3 covers the Data Link Layer, detailing its functions such as framing, error control, and flow control, along with protocols like HDLC and MAC techniques. Unit 4 discusses the Network Layer, focusing on routing, addressing, and forwarding, while comparing datagram and virtual circuit methods and outlining routing algorithms and congestion control mechanisms. Key protocols mentioned include IPv4, IPv6, ARP, ICMP, and various routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP.

Uploaded by

sr1223312
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views2 pages

Data Link & Network Layer Overview

Unit 3 covers the Data Link Layer, detailing its functions such as framing, error control, and flow control, along with protocols like HDLC and MAC techniques. Unit 4 discusses the Network Layer, focusing on routing, addressing, and forwarding, while comparing datagram and virtual circuit methods and outlining routing algorithms and congestion control mechanisms. Key protocols mentioned include IPv4, IPv6, ARP, ICMP, and various routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP.

Uploaded by

sr1223312
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT 3 & UNIT 4 – Data Link Layer & Network Layer (Detailed Notes)

--- UNIT 3 ---

Data Link Layer:

- Responsible for node-to-node communication.

- Functions: Framing, Error Control, Flow Control, MAC.

Framing:

- Techniques: Character count, Character stuffing, Bit stuffing.

- Bit stuffing uses flag 01111110.

Error Control:

- Parity, Checksum, CRC.

- CRC uses polynomial division.

Flow Control:

- Stop-and-Wait

- Sliding Window (Go-Back-N, Selective Repeat)

HDLC:

- Bit-oriented protocol.

- Frame: FLAG | Address | Control | Data | FCS | FLAG.

MAC Layer:

- Static (FDM, TDM)

- Dynamic (ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA)

- Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), WiFi (802.11), Token Ring, FDDI.

--- UNIT 4 ---

Network Layer:
- Provides routing, addressing, forwarding, fragmentation.

Datagram vs Virtual Circuit:

- Datagram: connectionless, IP-based.

- Virtual Circuit: connection-oriented (ATM, MPLS).

Routing Algorithms:

- Distance Vector (Bellman-Ford)

- Link State (Dijkstra)

- Hierarchical routing.

Congestion Control:

- Open loop (prevention): Leaky bucket, Token bucket.

- Closed loop (feedback): Choke packets, ECN.

Internet Network Layer:

- IPv4, IPv6, ARP, ICMP.

- Routing protocols: RIP, OSPF, BGP.

You might also like