Wave and Oscillation
Module-I
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Questions:1
1 Descriptive Question:
1. Establish the differential equation of Simple Harmonic Motion(SHM).
2. Derive the expression for the total energy of a simple harmonic oscillator and show that it is
constant and proportional to the square of the amplitude. Also, plot kinetic energy, potential
energy with displacement.
3. Write down the differential equation of a series LC circuit and hence calculate the ex-
pression for time period.
4. What do you mean by damped harmonic oscillation? Establish the differential equation
for the damped harmonic oscillator and explain each term. Define various types of damped
harmonic oscillations along with the condition. Give a graphical comparison among under-
damped, overdamped and critically damped harmonic motion.
5. Define the following terms in connection with the damped simple harmonic motion of a
particle: (a) relaxation time (τ ), (b) logarithmic decrement (λ), and (c) quality factor (Q).
Find the relation between the quality factor and relaxation time.
6. What do you mean by forced vibration? Write the differential equation of a forced har-
monic oscillator and explain each term. Write down the differential equation of a series LCR
circuit driven by a sinusoidal voltage. Identify the natural frequency of the circuit.
7. What is resonance? Establish the condition of amplitude of resonance. 8. Obtain the
condition of energy resonance for a forced vibration.
9. Define quality factor (Q) and sharpness of resonance (S). Write down the relation between
them.
1 CHE-II; Date: 18.10.2025
2 Numerical Problem:
1. Displacement of a particle at any instantaneous time t is given by x(t) = 3 cos ωt + 4 sin ωt.
(i) Show that the particle is executing SHM.
(ii). What is the amplitude?
2. A body (of mass 2gm) is executing SHM and its displacement is given by
a. Amplitude
b. Angular frequency
c. Time period
d. Maximum and minimum velocity and acceleration .
e. Epoch
f. Kinetic energy
g. Potential Energy
h. Is the total energy a conserved quantity?
3. What is the frequency of oscillation for a particle moving under the potential V (x) =
1 2 2
2 mω x ?
4. Show that the potential energy (kinetic energy also) oscillates with a frequency double
the natural frequency of the SHM.
5. Set up the differential equation for a simple pendulum motion and then find out the time
period of oscillation for the same.
6. The displacement equation of a simple harmonic oscillator is given by x = 10 sin(100t + π/6)
cm. What will be the frequency of oscillation and epoch?
7. A particle is executing SHM. At an instant of time, its displacement is 12 cm and ve-
locity is 5 cm/sec; and when the displacement is 5 cm, velocity is 12 cm/sec. Calculate the
amplitude, frequency and time period.
8. Show that the liquid column of length l in a U-shaped tube will execute simple harmonic
motion if the liquid in one arm is depressed by a length x. Find the frequency of oscillation.
Given: d = density of the liquid; A = cross-section area of the tube.
9. The displacement of any particle at any instant t is given by x = 3 cos ωt + 4 sin ωt. Show
that the motion is simple harmonic. What is the amplitude of this oscillation? Show that its
kinetic energy oscillated with angular frequency 2ω.
10. Calculate the displacement to amplitude ratio for a SHM when the kinetic energy is 90%
of the total energy.
11. Calculate the natural frequency(ωo ) (in Hz), relaxation time(τ ) and Q-factor of LCR oscil-
lation with L = 100mH and C = 50µF , R = 0.5 ohm.
12. A mass of 0.01Kg is acted upon by a restoring force of force constant 0.01N/m and a
retarding force of damping constant 2 × 10−3 N sm1 . Find out whether the motion is oscil-
latory or non-oscillatory. Find the resisting force per unit velocity for which it will make the
motion critically damped.