Avgvi cwiPq

ˆmq` kvgmyj nK

Kwe cwiwPwZ
ˆmq` kvgmyj nK 1935 mv‡ji 27 wW‡m¤^i KzwoMÖvg kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Wv. ˆmq` wmwÏK nymvBb
Ges gv ˆmq`v nvwjgv LvZzb| wZwb 1950 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i m‡½ g¨vwUªK cvk K‡ib Ges GK eQi weiwZ w`‡q
RMbœv_ K‡j‡R fwZ© nb I †mLvb †_‡K B›UviwgwW‡qU cvk K‡ib| 1954 mv‡j wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Bs‡iwR
wefv‡M fwZ© n‡q wKQzw`b covïbv K‡ib wKš‘ Zv †kl K‡ibwb| †mB †_‡K wZwb †jLv‡jwL‡K GKgvÎ eªZ wn‡m‡e
†e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb| mvsevw`KZvi m‡½ wZwb wKQyw`b hy³ wQ‡jb| Kwe, MíKvi, Jcb¨vwmK, bvU¨Kvi, wPÎbvU¨‡jLK
Ges Av‡iv wewPÎ mvwnZ¨-wkíavivi KxwZ©gvb ¯ªóv wZwb| me¨mvPx †jLK wn‡m‡e wZwb AwaK cwiwPZ| Aweivg
wewPÎZvi c‡_ Pjgvb GB Kwe I †jL‡Ki m„wó‡Z D‡V G‡m‡Q bvbv welq| gvÎ 29 eQi eq‡m wZwb evsjv
GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi cvb| GQvovI wZwb GKz‡k c`K, ¯^vaxbZv c`K, AvjvIj mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi, bvwmiæwÏb
¯^Y©c`Kmn wewfbœ cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ nb|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbvmg~n:
Kve¨MÖš’ : GK`v GK iv‡R¨, weiwZnxb Drme, ˆekv‡L iwPZ cO&w³gvjv, civ‡Yi Mnxb wfZi, AwMœ I
R‡ji KweZv, Avwg Rb¥MÖnY Kwiwb, ivR‰bwZK KweZv;
Dcb¨vm : GK gwnjvi Qwe, mxgvbv Qvwo‡q, †Ljvivg †L‡j hv, i³‡Mvjvc, wbwl× †jvevb, bxj `skb;
bvUK : cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq, b~ij`x‡bi mvivRxeb, GLv‡b GLb, Cl©v|

f~wgKv
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvwU ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki ÔwK‡kvi KweZv mgMÖÕ †_‡K m¤úvw`Z AvKv‡i Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AvZ¥gh©v`v‡eva m¤úbœ ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki RvwZmËv MV‡bi †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q mg„× BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I
ms¯‹…wZi cUf‚wg| KweZvwUi gva¨‡g †jLK evOvwj RvwZi eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi †cQ‡bi ewY©j BwZnv‡mi K_v Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb| BwZnv‡mi avivevwnK weeZ©‡b evOvwj RvwZ †mB my`xN© msMÖvgx BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹…wZi cwiPq Ges
K…wZ mšÍvb‡`i †hb fz‡j bv hvq †mB kÖ×v †eva †_‡KB wZwb KweZvwU iPbv K‡i‡Qb|

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
• evOvwj Rb‡Mvôxi BwZnvm-HwZ‡n¨i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb¸‡jvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
• evOvwj RvwZi Amv¤úª`vwqK I †f`wePvinxb Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

KweZvÑ188 SSC-1651
 g~jcvV Avwg R‡b¥wQ evsjvq, Avwg evsjvq K_v ewj,
Avwg evsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi Pwj|
Pwj cwjgvwU †Kvg‡j Avgvi Pjvi wPý †d‡j|
†Z‡ivkZ b`x ïavq Avgv‡K, Ô†Kv_v †_‡K Zzwg G‡j?Õ
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ Ph©vc‡`i Aÿi¸‡jv †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ mI`vM‡ii wWOvi eni †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ ˆKe‡Z©i we‡`ªvnx MÖvg †_‡K|
Avwg †Z G‡mwQ cvjhyM bv‡g wPÎKjvi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenvi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj †Rvoevsjvi gw›`i-†ew` †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj e‡i›`ªf~‡g †mvbv gmwR` †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj AvDj-evDj gvwUi †`Dj †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ mve©‡fŠg ev‡iv f~uBqvi †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ ÔKgjvi `xwNÕ, Ôgûqvi cvjvÕ †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ wZZzgxi Avi nvRx kwiqZ †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ MxZvÄwj I AwMœ-exYvi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj ÿzw`ivg Avi m~h© †m‡bi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj Rqbyj Avi Aeb VvKzi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj ivóªfvlvi jvj ivRc_ †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj e½eÜz †kL gywReyi †_‡K|
Avwg †h G‡mwQ Rqevsjvi eRªKÉ †_‡K|
Avwg †h G‡mwQ GKvˇii gyw³hy× †_‡K|
G‡mwQ Avgvi †cQ‡b nvRvi PiYwPý †d‡j|
ïavI Avgv‡K ÔGZ`~i Zzwg †Kvb †cÖiYvq G‡j?Õ
Z‡e Zzwg eywS evOvwj RvwZi exRgš¿wU †kvb bvB Ñ
Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB|Õ
GKmv‡_ AvwQ, GKmv‡_ euvwP, AvRI GKmv‡_ _vKeB Ñ
me we‡f‡`i †iLv gy‡Q w`‡q mv‡g¨i Qwe AuvKeB|

wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :

AwMœ-exYvÑ RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’|
Aeb VvKziÑ Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1871Ñ1951 wLª.) KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib; wZwb
weL¨vZ wPÎwkíx; Z‡e wkïmvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡eI wZwb AmvaviY cÖwZfvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| Avjc_Ñ Rwgi mxgvbvi
c_; GLv‡b nvRvi eQi a‡i evOvwj RvwZi c_ Pjvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Kgjvi `xwNÑ ˆggbwmsn MxwZKvi GKwU
cvjv|
ˆKeZ© we‡`ªvnÑ AvbygvwbK 100-75 wLª÷v‡ã gnxcv‡ji weiæ‡× AbšÍ-mvgšÍ-Pµ wgwjZ n‡q †h we‡`ªvn K‡ib Zv-B
Avgv‡`i BwZnv‡m ˆKeZ© we‡`ªvn bv‡g L¨vZ; GB we‡`ªv‡ni †bZv wQ‡jb ˆKeZ© m¤úª`v‡qi †jvK; Zuvi bvg w`e¨ ev
w`‡e¦vK; evOvwj RvwZi we‡`ªv‡ni HwZn¨ †evSv‡Z GB we‡`ªv‡ni D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q|

SSC-1651 KweZvÑ189
ÿzw`ivgÑ ÿzw`ivg emy (1889-1908 wLª.) †gw`bxcyi †Rjvi †gŠewb MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib; ˆkke †_‡KB weªwUk
we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb; AZ¨vPvix g¨vwR‡÷ªU wKsm‡dvW©‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q fzjekZ `yBRb
Bs‡iR gwnjv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib; 1908 mv‡ji 11B AvM÷ GB gnvb wec−exi duvwmi Av‡`k Kvh©Ki nq|
PiYwPýÑ c` wPý, cv‡qi Qvc| Ph©vc`Ñ evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨-HwZ‡n¨i cÖ_g wb`k©b; nicÖmv` kv¯¿x †bcvj
†_‡K Ph©vc‡`i cvÐzwjwc D×vi K‡ib; QqkZ kZvãx †_‡K GMvik kZ‡Ki g‡a¨ c`¸‡jv iwPZ n‡q‡Q; GB
c`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖvPxb evsjvi AwZ mvaviY gvby‡li cÖvYgq Rxeb wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wPÎKjvÑ Qwe AuvKvi we`¨v,
c·jLv, bKkv| RqbyjÑ Rqbyj Av‡ew`b (1914-1976 wLª.) wK‡kviM‡Äi †K›`yqv _vbvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib;
ÔwkívPvh©Õ wn‡m‡e wZwb L¨vZ; †`kR BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi cUf~wg‡Z Zuvi wecyj wkíKg© iwPZ; `ywf©ÿ
ZvwoZ Rxeb I RM‡Zi Qwe Gu‡K wZwb Amvgvb¨ GK Rxeb-Z…òvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb; evsjv‡`‡k wkíKjv
Av‡›`vj‡bi wZwb cw_K…r|
RqevsjvÑ gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q RvZxq †¯−vMvb wn‡m‡e AmvaviY GK †cÖiYv mÂvix kãgvjv; GB †¯−vMvb HK¨ I
msnwZi cÖZxK|
wZZzgxiÑ PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvi nvq`icyi MÖv‡g 1782 mv‡j gxi wbmvi Avjx Ii‡d wZZzgxi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib; wZwb
AZ¨vPvix Bs‡iRx I wn›`y Rwg`vi‡`i weiæ‡× `xN©w`b msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb; 1831 mv‡ji 19†k b‡f¤^i Bs‡iR evwnbxi
m‡½ jovB K‡i wZwb kwn` nb| †`DjÑ †`evjq|
cvjhyMÑ 750 wLªóv‡ã †Mvcv‡ji ivR¨ kvm‡bi ga¨ w`‡q e‡½ cvjhy‡Mi m~Pbv nq; Zvici PvikZ eQi cvj es‡ki
ivRZ¡ wU‡K wQj; G mgq wkí-mvwn‡Z¨i Amvgvb¨ weKvk mvwaZ nq; wPÎKjvqI GB mg‡qi mg„w× jÿ‡hvM¨; Kwe
Avgv‡`i wk‡íi mg„× HwZn¨ †evSv‡Z cvjhy‡Mi wPÎKjvi D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|
cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenviÑ eZ©gvb bIMuv †Rjvi e`jMvwQ _vbvq cvnvocyi MÖv‡g GB cÖvPxb wenvi Aew¯’Z; 1879
mv‡j m¨vi Kvwbsnvg GB wekvj KxwZ© Avwe®‹vi K‡ib; wØZxq cvj ivRv kÖx ag©cvj‡`e (ivRZ¡Kvj 777-810 wLª.)
GB wekvj wenvi ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb; G‡K †mvgcyi wenviI ejv nq; c„w_exi me‡P‡q eo wenvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GwU
Ab¨Zg; Kwe Avgv‡`i cZœZvwË¡K HwZ‡n¨i cwiPq w`‡Z cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenv‡ii D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvbÑ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb (1920Ñ1975 wLª.) †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi Uzw½cvov MÖv‡g
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib; evOvwj RvwZi wZwb Awemsevw`Z †bZv, RvwZi wcZv; Zuvi we¯§qKi cÖwZfv`xß †bZ…‡Z¡ `xN©
msMÖv‡gi c_ AwZµg K‡i 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× Rqjvf K‡i; wZwb Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZxK,
gyw³i cÖZxK, mg„w×i cÖZxK|
e‡i›`ªf~‡g †mvbvgmwR`Ñ e‡i›`ªf~‡g †mvbvgmwR` ej‡Z PuvcvB beveMÄ †Rjvq Aew¯’Z †QvU †mvbvgmwR`‡K
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q; eo †mvbvgmwR` fvi‡Zi †MŠ‡o Aew¯’Z; †nv‡mb kv‡ni (ivRZ¡Kvj 1493-1519 wLª.) Avg‡j
GB gmwR`wU wbwg©Z nq; AmvaviY wkí‡mŠ›`h©gwÐZ ¯’vcZ¨Kg© wn‡m‡e †mvbvgmwR` Ab¨Zg; Kwe Avgv‡`i gymwjg
HwZ‡n¨i mygnvb wb`k©b wn‡m‡e D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|
†ew`Ñ c~Rvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z D”Pf‚wg| gûqvi cvjvÑ ˆggbwmsn MxwZKvi GKwU cvjv| ivóªfvlvi jvj ivRc_Ñ 1952
mv‡j ivóªfvlv evsjvi AwaKv‡ii Rb¨ G‡`‡ki gvby‡li i‡³ iwÄZ n‡q‡Q XvKvi ivRc_| Avi †mB ivóªfvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi mvd‡j¨i c_ a‡iB m~wPZ nq ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb| †cÖiYvÑ Drmvn, DÏxcbv, cÖe„wË BZ¨vw`i mÂvi,
cÖej D”Q¡vm| mvg¨Ñ mgZv| MxZvÄwjÑ wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Kve¨MÖš’| mI`vM‡ii wWOvi eniÑ g½jKv‡e¨
Puv` mI`vM‡ii evwY‡R¨i K_v Av‡Q| Kwe Avgv‡`i e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i HwZn¨ †evSv‡Z GB †jvKKvwnbxi AvkÖq MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb|
mve©‡fŠg ev‡iv f~uBqvÑ evsjvq cvVvb Ki&ivbx es‡ki ivRZ¡ `ye©j n‡q co‡j Lyjbv, ewikvj, †mvbviMuvI, gqgbwmsn
I kªxn‡Æ ¯^vaxb Rwg`vi‡`i DÌvb N‡U; 1575 mv‡j †gvMj m¤ªvU AvKei evsjv Rq Kivi ci GB ¯^vaxb
Rwg`viMY Cmv Luvi †bZ…‡Z¡ HK¨e× n‡q †gvMj kw³i weiæ‡× iæ‡L `uvovb; BwZnv‡m GuivB ev‡ivf~uBqv bv‡g
cwiwPZ; Guiv n‡jb Ckv Luv, Puv` ivq, †K`vi ivq, cÖZvcvw`Z¨, j²Y gvwYK¨ cÖgyL|

KweZvÑ190 SSC-1651
m~h© †mbÑ gv÷vi `v m~h© †mb (1893-1934 wLª.) PÆMÖvg †Rjvi ivDRvb _vbvi †bvqvcvov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib;
AvRxeb wZwb weªwUk‡`i weiæ‡× mk¯¿ hy‡× wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb; 1930 mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖvg‡K Bs‡iRgy³ K‡i ¯^vaxbZv
†NvlYv K‡ib; wKš‘ †ewkw`b Zv iÿv Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb; 1934 mv‡ji 12B Rvbyqvwi Zuvi duvwm nq|
nvRx kixqZÑ nvRx kixqZDj−vn (1781-1840 wLª.) gv`vixcyi †Rjvi wkePi _vbvi mvgvBj MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| wZwb `xN©Kvj g°vq Ae¯’vb K‡i Bmjvg ag© wel‡q AMva cvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib; wZwb ag©‡K AvkÖq K‡i
mKj Kzms¯‹v‡ii weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi nb; Zuvi GB Av‡›`vjb‡K div‡qwR Av‡›`vjb e‡j; Gici wZwb Ave`yj Inve
bvgK GK ag©ms¯‹vi‡Ki gZv`‡k© wek¦vmx n‡q Invwe Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ hy³ nb; wZwb mvaviY gvbyl‡K a‡g©i cÖK…Z
i~c I Zv‡`i AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb; GQvov we‡`wk kvmb-†kvlY, Rwg`vi, †RvZ`vi I
gnvRb‡`i AZ¨vPvi †_‡K gvbyl‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb K‡ib|

mvims‡¶c :
evOvwj RvwZi cÖv_wgK cwiPq GB †h, Zviv GB evsjvq R‡b¥‡Q, Ges evsjv fvlvq K_v e‡j| wKš‘ †PZbvi w`K
†_‡K, Aw¯Í‡Z¡i w`K †_‡K, Zviv eû hy‡Mi AR©‡bi m‡½ hy³| evOvwj Rb‡Mvôx enb K‡i P‡j‡Q wn›`y-†eŠ×-
gymjgvb ms¯‹…wZi bvbv Dcv`vb| Gi mv‡_ wg‡k‡Q AvDj-evDj ms¯‹…wZ Avi BwZnv‡mi bvbv NUbv| AZx‡Zi
nvRv‡iv PiYwPý G‡m wg‡j‡Q GKvˇii gnvb gyw³hy‡×| Gme HwZ‡n¨ Mov G Rb‡Mvôx Amv¤úª`vwqK Ges
gvbweK| we‡f`nxb mylg mgvR cÖwZôvB n‡e Avgv‡`i fwel¨r jÿ¨|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. Ph©vc‡`i cvÐzwjwc †K Avwe®‹vi K‡ib?
K. gnvg‡nvcva¨vq nicÖmv` kv¯¿x L. W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn
M. W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq N. W. Gbvgyj nK
2. †h Av‡›`vj‡bi mvd‡j¨i c_ a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv Av‡mÑ
K. 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb L. 1969- Gi MYAfy¨Ìvb
M. 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPb N. 1962 mv‡ji wkÿv Av‡›`vjb
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ eû cÖvPxb| Avw`Kvj n‡Z eZ©gvb ch©šÍ evsjvq †hvM n‡q‡Q we‡k¦i bvbv RvwZi
ms¯‹…wZ| G‡Z Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ mg„× n‡q‡Q, eûgvwÎKZv jvf K‡i‡Q|
3. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ wb‡Pi †Kvb KweZvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
K. Avgvi mšÍvb L. cÖvY
M. Avgvi cwiPq N. muv‡KvUv `yj‡Q
4. GB mv`„‡k¨i KviY n‡”Q †h welqwUÑ
i. evsjvi HwZn¨ ii. evsjvi ms¯‹…wZ iii. evsjvi m¤ú`
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i I ii

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe Kx‡mi Qwe AvuK‡Z †P‡q‡Qb?
K. hy‡×i L. we‡`ªv‡ni M. aŸs‡mi N. mv‡g¨i

SSC-1651 KweZvÑ191
6. ÔG‡mwQ evOvwj ÿzw`ivg Avi m~h©‡m‡bi †_‡K|Õ PiYwU‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
i. evOvwji ¯^vaxbZv ¯ú„nv ii. evOvwji we‡`ªvnx †PZbv iii. evOvwji HwZn¨ †PZbv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I ii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
evsjv Avgvi Rxebvb›` evsjv cÖv‡Yi myi|
Avwg GKevi †`wL, evievi †`wL
†`wL evsjvi gyL|
7. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡QÑ
K. AvZ¥cwiP‡q L. ms¯‹…wZ‡Z M. ivRbxwZ‡Z N. A_©bxwZ‡Z
8. DÏxcK I ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv`„‡k¨i g~‡j i‡q‡QÑ
K. GKvZ¥Zv‡eva L. mvgwMÖKZv M. we‡`ªvnx †PZbv N. Av‡cvmKvwgZv
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
evsjv me© Hkxkw³i cxV¯’vb| †n_vq jÿ jÿ †hvMx-gywb-Fwl-Zc¯^xi cxV¯’vb, mgvwa; mn¯ª dwKi-`i‡ek Awj-
MvwRi `iMv cig cweÎ| †n_vq MÖv‡g nq AvRv‡bi mv‡_ k•LNÈvi aŸwb| GLv‡b †h kvmbKZ©v n‡q G‡m‡Q †mB
¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| evsjvi AvenvIqvq Av‡Q ¯^vaxbZv g‡š¿i mÄxebx kw³| Avgv‡`i evsjv wbZ¨ gwngvgqx,
wbZ¨ my›`i, wbZ¨ cweÎ|
K. †eŠ× wenvi †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?
L. Ph©vc` Kx ? ÑeywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ wbY©q Kiyb|
N. DÏxc‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi AvswkK wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q, c~Y©v½ Qwe D‡V Av‡mwb| ÑAv‡jvPbv
Kiyb|

bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

K. †eŠ×wenvi eZ©gvb bIMuv †Rjvi e`jMvwQ Dc‡Rjvi cvnvocyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
L. ÔPh©vc`Õ cÖvPxb hy‡Mi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i msKjb|
Ph©vc` G ch©šÍ cÖvß evsjv fvlv Ges mvwn‡Z¨iI cÖ_g wb`k©b| cwÐZ nicÖmv` kv¯¿x †bcvj †_‡K Ph©vc‡`i
cvÐzwjwc D×vi K‡ib| Ph©vc‡`i iPbvKvj wLªw÷q Qq kZK †_‡K GKv`k kZK ch©šÍ| Kvnè cv I fymyKz cv
Ph©vc‡`i cÖavb Kweiƒ‡c cwiwPZ| Ph©vc`¸‡jv GKwU ag©xq Ave‡n iwPZ n‡jI G‡Z cÖvPxb evsjvi mvaviY
gvby‡li cÖvYgq Rxeb wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
evOvwj RvwZmËvi GKwU mg„× AZxZ i‡q‡Q| GLvbKvi Awaevmxiv Awfbœ ms¯‹…wZ Ges Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvq
jvwjZ| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z bvbv m¤úª`v‡qi gvbyl evm K‡i| ZeyI GLvbKvi gvbyl evsjv fvlv I
ms¯‹…wZi e܇b Ave× n‡q HwZn¨gwÐZ AvZ¥xqZvi e܇b Ave× n‡q i‡q‡Q| evOvwj RvwZi GB Amv¤úª`vwqK
g‡bvfve `xN©w`‡bi| GLvbKvi mKj gvbyl Avb›`gq I †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© cwi‡e‡k emevm K‡i|
DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q evsjv me© Hkxkw³i cxV¯’vb| GLv‡b jÿ jÿ †hvMx-gywb-Fwl-Zc¯^xi Av¯Ívbv i‡q‡Q| G
f~wg mn¯ª dwKi-`i‡ek, Awj-MvwRi cig cweÎ `iMv aviY K‡i| GLvbKvi MÖv‡g AvRv‡bi mv‡_ †e‡R I‡V
k•LNÈvi aŸwb| ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvqI †`wL GK Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi evsjv‡`k‡K| evsjvq GKBm‡½
MxZvÄwj Avi AwMœexYv AvMÖ‡ni e¯‘| GLv‡b Aeb VvKzi, Rqbyj, ÿzw`ivg Avi wZZzwg‡ii †Kv‡bv cÖ‡f` Kiv
nq bv| Kwe e‡jb, GLv‡b Avgiv GKmv‡_ AvwQ, GKmv‡_ euvwP Ges AvRI GKmv‡_ _vKe| Avgiv me
we‡f‡`i †iLv gy‡Q w`‡q mv‡g¨i †PZbv AuvKe| e¯‘Z evOvwj RvwZi msnwZ I HK¨ ej‡Z †M‡j GK I Awfbœ|
KweZvÑ192 SSC-1651
 DÏxc‡K evOvwj RvwZi Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi KweI
Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi ewntcÖKvk NwU‡q‡Qb| GB Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi welqwU‡ZB DÏxcK I ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ
KweZvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡K †Kej evOjvi Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi welqwU D‡V G‡m‡Q, Ab¨vb¨ w`K dz‡U D‡Vwb|
evsjvi BwZnvm nvRvi eQ‡ii| Gi i‡q‡Q GKwU mg„× HwZn¨ I mvs¯‹…wZK cUf~wg| GLv‡b hy‡M hy‡M bvbv
Av‡›`vjb, wecøe, Avi gZv`‡k©i weKvk N‡U‡Q| BwZnv‡mi wewPÎ euvK I †gvo Ny‡i AvR Avgiv G‡m †cuŠ‡QwQ
AvR‡Ki evsjvq| evOvwji HwZ‡n¨ i‡q‡Q wecøe-we‡`ªvn, AvwZ‡_qZv, fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ BZ¨vw`|
DÏxc‡K evOvwj RvwZi Amv¤úª`vwqK Pwi‡Îi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GLvbKvi MÖv‡g AvRv‡bi mv‡_ k•LNÈvi
aŸwb †e‡R I‡V| G f~wg jÿ jÿ gywb-Fwli cxV¯’vb| GLv‡b Av‡iv i‡q‡Q Awj-MvwRi cig cweÎ `iMv|
evsjv fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ‡K †K›`ª K‡i GLvbKvi gvbyl GK I Awfbœ †PZbvq wek¦vm K‡i| ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ
KweZvqI Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi K_v dz‡U D‡V‡Q| KweZvwU‡Z Kwe e‡jb, evOvwj RvwZi g~jgš¿ n‡”Q mevi
Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨| Avi evsjv‡`‡k Avgiv GKmv‡_ AvwQ, memgq GKmv‡_ _vKe| ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq
evOvwji fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ Qvov AviI A‡bK wel‡qi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| KweZvq i‡q‡Q evOvwji Rxeb cÖevn, Drme,
bvP, Mvb, cvjv-cve©Y, wecøe-we‡`ªvn, Av‡›`vjb, msMÖvgx Rxeb| Kwe Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq evOvwji Rxe‡bi GKwU
avivµg‡K Dc¯’vc‡bi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvwU evOvwj-BwZnv‡mi GKwU avivµg| DÏxc‡K GB avivµ‡gi gvÎ GKwU welq D‡jøwLZ
n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K ïay evOvwji Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi eY©bvwUB D‡V G‡m‡Q| GLv‡b Ab¨ welq¸‡jv Av‡jvwPZ
nqwb| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi AvswkK Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q, c~Y©v½ wPÎ ¯’vb cvqwb|

A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
†MvcvjB cÖ_g h_v_© evOvwj whwb cvj ivRes‡ki cÖwZôv NUvb| G mg‡q GKwU ¯^vaxb e½iv‡R¨i D™¢e N‡U| cvj
ivRes‡ki kvmbKv‡j RvwZ‡f` cÖ_vi we‡jvc N‡U, MYZ‡š¿i cÖwZ mg_©b †`Lv hvq, wPÎwkí I fv¯‹h© G A‡j
M‡o D‡V| me‡P‡q eoK_v, G mgq †eŠ×webq, mvg¨ Ges ggZvi GKwU Av`k© GLv‡b cÖwZwôZ nq|
K. ÔAvjc_Õ Kx?
L. evsjvi BwZnv‡m cvjhyM †Kb we‡kl ˆewkó¨gwÐZ?
M. DÏxcKwU ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvk K‡i? Ñe¨vL¨v Kiyb|
N. ÔÔDÏxcKwU ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|Ó ÑDw³wU we‡kølY Kiyb|

DËigvjv: eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. K 2. K 3. M 4. N 5. N 6. N 7. K 8. K

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi I‡cb ¯‹zj cwiPvwjZ GmGmwm †cÖvMÖv‡gi wk¶v_x©eÜz‡`i Rb¨
evsjv wel‡qi AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b wewUwf/esjv‡`k †eZvi KZ…©K mßv‡ni wbw`©ó
w`‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
wk¶v_x©eÜziv, Avcbviv ÷vwW †m›Uvi †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg wmwWDj msMÖn K‡i wbw`©ó w`‡bi wbw`©ó
mg‡q cÖPvwiZ †cÖvMÖvgwU †`L‡j DcK…Z n‡eb e‡j Avkv KiwQ| AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv
†evSvi myweav‡_© eBwU mvg‡b wb‡q emyb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸wj †bvU Kivi Rb¨ KvMR, Kjg
AwWI/wfwWI mv‡_ ivLyb| †Kv‡bv welq eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcbvi wUDU‡ii mnvqZv wbb|

SSC-1651 KweZvÑ193