GIST OF THE CHAPTER

1. TRIGONOMETRY is the branch of mathematics that deals with the relationship between the
angles and sides of a right angled triangle.
2. Trigonometric ratios-Sine(Sin),Cosine(Cos),Tangent(Tan),Co-secant(Cosec),Secant(Sec), Co-
tangent (Cot)
3. Trigonometric ratios of specific angles 0º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 90º
4. Trigonometric identities
FORMULA

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1 MARK QUESTIONS)

1. In a right triangle ABC, the right angle is at B. What is the length of the missing
side in the figure?
(a) 25 cm (b) 12cm
(c) 7cm (d) 5cm
 Ans: (d)5cm
1. Given that sin α = 1 and cos β = 1 , then the value of (α + β) is
2 2
(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 90°
Ans (d) 90º
2. If √2 sin (60° – α) = 1 then α is
(a) 45° (b) 15° (c) 60° (d) 30°
Ans :(b)15º
3. If cos (40° + A) = sin 30°, then value of A is
(a) 30° (b) 40° (c) 60° (d) 20°
Ans (d) 20º
4. If cosec θ – cot θ = 1, the value of (cosec θ + cot θ) is
3
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Ans : (c)32
𝐴
5. 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 is equal to
1+𝑐𝑜𝑡2𝐴
(a) sec² A (b) -1 (c) cot² A (d) tan² A
Ans (d) tan2 A
6. If cos A + cos² A = 1, then sin2 A + sin4 A is equal to
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) None of these

Ans (c) 1
7. If sin 2A = 1 tan² 45° where A is an acute angle, then the value of A is
2
(a) 60° (b) 45° (c) 30° (d) 15°
Ans (d) 15°
8. If A + B = 90°, cot B = 3 then tan A is equal to:
4
(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 1
3 3 4 4
Ans (c) 3
4

9. The maximum value of 1 is

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) √3 (d) 1 –
2 √2

Ans (b)1
ASSERTION REASON BASED QUESTIONS
DIRECTION: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
1. Assertion (A): In a right-angled triangle, if tan A = 1, then 2 sin A · cos A = 1.
Reason (R): tan 45° = 1 and sin 45° = cos 45° = 1
√2
Ans:(a)
2. Assertion (A): sin(A + B) = sin A + sin B.
Reason (R): For any angle θ, 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ.
Ans: (d)
12 13
3. Assertion (A): In a right-angled triangle, if tan A = , then sec A =
 5 5
Reason (R): cot A is the product of cotangent and angle A.
Answer: (c)
4. Assertion (A): sin² A + cos² A = 1
Reason (R): (sinA + cos A)2 = 1 for any angle A.
Ans: (c)
5. Assertion (A): The value of sin θ = 4 is not possible.
3
Reason (R): 3, 4, 5 form a Pythagorean triplet.
Ans: (b)
6. Assertion (A): In a right-angled triangle, if tan A = 1, then 2 sin A · cos A = 1.
Reason (R): sec A is the abbreviation used for cosecant of an angle A.
Ans: (c)
7. Assertion (A): The value of each trigonometric ratio of an angle does not vary with the lengths of
the sides of the triangle if the angle remains the same.
Reason (R): In a right-angled triangle ABC, sin θ = 𝐵𝐶 < 1 and cos θ = 𝐴𝐵 < 1 as the hypotenuse is
The longest side. Ans: (c)
8. Assertion (A): cos⁴ A - sin⁴ A = 2 cos² A - 1.
(e) Reason (R): The value of cos θ decreases as θ increases for 00 ≤ θ ≤ 900.
Ans: (b)
1. Assertion (A): If x sin³ θ + y cos³ θ = sin θ cos θ and x sin θ = y cos θ, then x² + y² = 1.
Reason (R): For any angle θ, sin² θ + cos² θ = 1.
Ans: (a)
2. Assertion (A): In a right-angled triangle, if tan A = 12, then sec A = 13.
5 5
Reason (R): cot A is the product of cotangent and angle A.
Ans: (c)
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 MARK QUESTIONS)
1. If tan θ + cot θ = 5, find the value of tan2θ + cot2θ.
Solution: tan θ + cot θ = 5 … [Given]
tan2θ + cot2θ + 2 tan θ cot θ = 25 … [Squaring both sides]
tan2θ + cot2θ + 2 = 25
∴ tan θ + cot2θ = 23
2

2. If tan α =√3 and tan β = 1 0 < α, β < 90°, find the value of cot (α + β).
√3

Solution: tan α =√ 3 = tan 60° …(i)

tan β = 1 = tan 30° …(ii)
√3

Solving (i) & (ii), α = 60° and β = 30°

∴ cot (α + β) = cot (60° + 30°) = cot 90° = 0
3. If cosec θ = 5, find the value of cot θ.
4
Solution: We know that, cot2θ = cosec2θ – 1
25 25−16
= [5 ]2 – 1 ⇒ – 1 ⇒
4 16 16
cot2θ = 9
16
∴ cot θ = 3
4
4. If θ = 45°, then what is the value of 2 sec2θ + 3 cosec2θ?
Solution: 2 sec2θ + 3 cosec2θ = 2 sec2 45° + 3 cosec2 45°
 = 2(√2)2 + 3 (√2)2 = 4 + 6 = 10
5. If in a right angled ∆ABC, tan B = 12 , then find sin B.
5
Solution: tan B = 12 , So cot B = 5
5 12
cosec2 B = 1 + cot2B
= 1 +( 5 )2
12
= 144+ 25 = 169
144 144

cosec B = 13 ∴ sin B = 12
12 13

6. If ∆ABC is right angled at B, What is the value of sin (A + C)?

Solution: ∠B = 90° …[Given ∠A + ∠C + 90° = 180°]
∠A + ∠C = 90°
∴ sin (A + C) = sin 90° = 1

7. If x = a cos θ – b sin θ and y = a sin θ + b cos θ, then prove that a2 + b2 = x2 + y2.

Solution:
R.H.S. = x2 + y2
= (a cos θ – b sin θ)2 + (a sin θ + b cos θ)2
= a2cos2 θ + b2 sin2 θ – 2ab cos θ sin θ + a2 sin2θ + b2 cos2 θ + 2ab sin θ cos θ
= a2(cos2 θ + sin2θ) + b2 (sin2 θ + cos2 θ)
= a2 + b2 = L.H.S
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 MARKS QUESTIONS)
1. If x = p sec θ + q tan θ and y = p tan θ + q sec θ, then prove that x2 – y2 = p2 – q2.
Solution:
L.H.S. = x2 – y2
= (p sec θ + q tan θ)2 – (p tan θ + q sec θ)2
= p2 sec θ + q2 tan2 θ + 2 pq sec 2 tan 2 -(p2 tan2 θ + q2 sec2 θ + 2pq sec θ tan θ)
= p2 sec θ + 2 tan2 θ + 2pq sec θ tan θ – p2 tan2 θ – q2 sec θ – 2pq sec θ tan θ
= p2(sec2 θ – tan2 θ) – q2(sec?2 θ – tan2 θ) =
= p2 – q2 …[sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1= R.H.S
2. Prove the identity following:
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
=1– 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Solution:

𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃
LHS =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= ….[⸪a3 + b3 = (a+b)(a2 +b2 –ab)]

=1– 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = RHS ….[⸪𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 1]

3. If 5 sin θ = 4, prove that 1 + 1 =3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃

Solution: Given 5 sin θ = 4

4
⸫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
5

In rt ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, Let BC = 4K , AC = 5K and we know that AB2 +BC2 = AC2

AB2 + (4K)2 = (5K)2
AB2 + 16K2 = 25K2
AB2 = 25K2 - 16K2 = 9K2
⸫ AB = 3K
3𝐾 3
Cos𝜃 = = 3 , 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
5𝐾 5 4
5 4 9
LHS = 1 + 1 = + == = 3 = RHS
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 3 3 3

4. In figure, ∆PQR right angled at Q, PQ = 6 cm and PR = 12 cm. Determine ∠QPR and

∠PRQ.
Solution: In rt. ∆PQR, PQ2+ QR2 = PR2 …[By Pythagoras’ theorem]
(6)2 + QR2 = (12)2
QR2= 144 – 36
QR2 = 108QR = √36 𝑥 3 = 6√3 cm
𝑃𝑄 6 1
tan R = == ==
𝑄𝑅 6√3 √3

tan R = tan 300

R = 30o
⸫∠PRQ = 300
𝑄𝑅 6√3
tan P = == = √3
𝑃𝑄 6
tan P = tan 600
P = 60o
⸫∠QPR = 600
2𝐴
[Link]: 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛
1+𝑐𝑜𝑡2𝐴
1
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝐴 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴
Solution: = = 1 = x = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝐴
1+𝑐𝑜𝑡2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴

3
6. Prove that: 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = tanθ
2𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 3
Solution: LHS = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃(1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)
= (⸪ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)
2𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃(2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃−1)

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃(1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃(1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)
= = = tan θ = RHS
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃[2(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)−1)] (1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 2
7. Prove that: + =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃−1

Solution :
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
LHS = +
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= +
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)2+ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= =
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+cos 𝜃)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃

1+1 2
= = = RHS
2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃−1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃−1
 8. If tan θ = 𝑎 , find the value of cos θ.
𝑥

⸫ P = ak, B = xk
In rt △ABC, H2= P2 + B2
=a2x2 + x2k2 =k2 (a2 +x2)

⇒ H = k (√ 𝑎2 + 𝑥2 )
⸫ cos θ = 𝐵 = 𝑥𝑘 = 𝑥
𝐻 𝑘√𝑎2 + 𝑥2 √𝑎2 + 𝑥2

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 MARKS QUESTIONS)

(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃−1) 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1. Prove that: =
(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+1)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

Solution :
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃−(𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃−𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃)
LHS = =
(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+1) (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+1)

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃−[(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+tan 𝜃)(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃− 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 )] (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃)[(1−(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃− 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 )]

= =
(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+1) (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+1)

(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃)(1−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+1

= = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = + = = RHS
(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

2. In an acute angled triangle ABC, if sin (A + B – C) = 1 and cos (B + C – A) = 1 , find ∠A, ∠B and ∠C.
2 √2
Solution: sin (A + B - C) = 1 …(⸪ sin 300 = 1)
2 2

A + B - C= 30o …..(i)
A + B + C= 180o ……(ii)(sum of all angles of a triangle = 180o)
cos (B + C – A) = 1 ….(cos 450 = 1 )
√2 √2

B + C – A = 45o …..(iii)
solving (i) and (ii), C = 750
solving (iii) and (ii) , A = 67.50
Putting the values of A and C in (ii), we get
67.5° + B + 750 = 180°
B = 180° – 67.5° – 750 = 37.5°
∴ ∠A = 67.5°, ∠B = 37.5° and ∠C = 75°
3. If tan (A + B) =√3 and tan (A – B) = 1 where 0 < A + B < 90°, A > B, find A and B.
√3

Also calculate: tan A. sin (A + B) + cos A. tan (A – B).

Solution: If tan (A + B) =√3 and tan (A – B) = 1
√3

tan(A +B) = tan 60o , tan(A - B) = tan 30°

⸫ A + B = 60 ….(i) , A – B = 30° ….(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), A = 45° , B = 15°
 tan A. sin (A + B) + cos A. tan (A – B)
= tan45° . sin(45° + 15°) + cos45°. tan (45°- 15°)
6
= tan45° . sin60° + cos45°. tan 30° = 1 x √3 + 1 x 1 = √3 + 1 𝑥 √6 = √3 + √ = 3√3 + √6 =
2 √2 √3 2 √6 𝑥 √6 2 6 6 6
3√3+√6
6

4. Find the value of cos 60° geometrically. Hence find cosec 60°.
Solution: Let ∆ABC be an equilateral triangle.
Let each side of triangle be 2a.
Since each angle in an equilateral ∆ is 60°
∴ ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°
Draw AD ⊥ BC
In ∆ADB and A∆ADC,
AB = AC … [Each = 2a]
AD = AD …[Common]
∠1 = ∠2 … [Each 90°]
∴ ∆ADB ≅ ∆ADC …[RHS congruency rule]
BD = DC = 2𝑎 = a
2

√3 2√3
∴cosec60° = = = = x =
3
√3 √3

5. If a cos θ – b sin θ = c, prove that (a sin θ + b cos θ) = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐2

Solution: Given, a cos θ – b sin θ = c ...(i)
Now, 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − (a cos θ – b sin θ)2
= 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 - (𝑎2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 θ +𝑏2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 θ – 2abcosθsinθ)
=𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − [𝑎2(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 θ )+𝑏2(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 θ) – 2abcosθsinθ]
=𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − (𝑎2−𝑎2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 θ +𝑏2 − 𝑏2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 θ – 2abcosθsinθ)
=𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑎2+ 𝑎2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 θ − 𝑏2 + 𝑏2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 θ + 2abcosθsinθ
=𝑎2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 θ +𝑏2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 θ + 2abcosθsinθ
𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐2 = (a sin θ + b cos θ)2

√𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐2 = a sin θ + b cos θ, Hence proved

CASE BASED STUDY QUESTIONS ( 4 MARKS QUESTIONS)
1. Soorya and her father go to meet her friend Avni for a party. When they reached to Avni’s place,
Soorya saw the roof of the house, which is triangular in shape. If she imagined the dimensions of
the roof as given in the figure, then answer the following questions.
 (i) If D is the midpoint of AC, then find the value of BD
Ans: 6m
(ii) Find the measure of ∠A.
Ans: 45
(iii) Find the value of sinA + cosC.
Ans: √2
(OR)
Find the value of tan2C + tan2 A.
Ans :2
2. Three friends – Anshu, Vijay, and Vishal are playing hide and seek in a park. Anshu and Vijay
hide in the shrubs and Vishal have to find both of them. If the positions of the three friends are at
A, and Band C respectively as shown in the figure, and form a right-angled triangle such that AB
= 9 m, BC = 3√3 m, and ∠B = 90°, then answer the following questions.

(i) Find the measure of ∠A

Ans: 30
(ii) Find the measure of ∠C
Ans : 60
(iii) Find the length of AC
Ans : 6√3 m
(OR)
Find the value of sin A and cos C. Check whether they are equal.
Ans: Yes
3. In structural design, a structure is composed of triangles that are interconnecting. A truss a series
of triangle in same plane end is one of the major types of engineering structures and is especially
used in the design of bridges and buildings. Trusses are designed to support loads, such as the
weight of people. A truss is exclusively made of long, straight members connected by joints at the
end of each member. This is a single repeating triangle in a truss system. Based on the above
information, solve the following

(i) In the above triangle, what is the length of AC?

Ans: AC = 8 ft
(ii) In the above triangle, what is the length of BC?
Ans: BC = 4√3 ft
(iii) If sin A = sin C, what will be the length of BC?
 Ans: BC = 4ft
(OR)
If the length of AB doubles, what will be the length of AC?
Ans: AC = 16 ft
HOTS (HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS)
1. If √3cot2θ – 4 cot θ + √3 = 0, then find the value of cot2 θ + tan2θ.
Solution: √3cot 2θ – 4 cot θ + √3 = 0
√3cot2θ + √3 = 0 + 4 cot θ
√3(cot2θ + 1) = 4 cot θ
2
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 +1 4
=
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 √3
𝑐𝑜𝑡2𝜃 1 4
+ =
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 √3
cot θ +tan θ = 4
√3
squaring both sides, cot 2θ + tan2θ + 2cot θ. tanθ = 16

cot2θ + tan2θ + 2 = 16 …[cot θ. tanθ =1]

3

cot2θ + tan2θ = 16 – 2 = 16−6 = 10

3 3 3

2. If sec θ – tan θ = x, show that sec θ + tan θ = 1 and hence find the values of cos θ and sin θ.
𝑥
Solution sec θ – tan θ = x ….(i)
sec θ + tan θ = 1 ….(ii)
𝑥
solving (i) and (ii) 2sec θ = x + 1

sec θ = 1 (x + 1)
2 𝑥

1 1 (𝑥2+1)
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2 𝑥

1 (𝑥2+1)
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2𝑥

Taking reciprocal, cos θ = 2𝑥

(𝑥2+1)
2
Squaring both sides cos2θ = 4𝑥
(𝑥2+1)2

Now sin2θ = 1 - cos2θ

2
sin2θ = 1 - 4𝑥
(𝑥2+1)2
( 2 )2 2
𝑥 +1 − 4𝑥
sin2θ = − (𝑥2+1)2

𝑥4+2𝑥2+1−4𝑥2
sin2θ =
(𝑥2+1)2

𝑥4−2𝑥2+1
sin2θ =
(𝑥2+1)2
2
(𝑥2− 1)
sin2θ = ⸪ (𝑥2 − 1)2 = 𝑥4 − 2𝑥2 + 1
(𝑥2+1)2
 2− 1
⸫ sin θ = = 𝑥
𝑥2+1

3. If tan θ + sin θ = p; tan θ – sin θ = q; prove that p2 – q2 = 4√pq

Solution:
LHS = p2 – q2
= (tan θ + sin θ)2 – (tan θ – sin θ)2
= (tan2θ + sin2θ + [Link]θ.sinθ) – (tan2θ + sin2θ – 2tan θ sin θ)
= 2 tan θ sin θ+ 2 tan θ sin θ= 4 tan θ sin θ
− 1)
RHS = 4√pq = 4 √(tan 𝜃 + sin 𝜃)(tan 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃 1
= 4√𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 4√𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 4√ − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 4√ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 (

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

= √ 2 1− 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃
√ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 2 2

4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃( ) =4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃( ) =4 √ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 4 tan θ . sin θ = L.H.S

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃

1. If sin θ + cos θ = m and sec θ + cosec θ = n, then prove that n(m2 – 1) = 2m.
Solution: m2 – 1 = (sin θ + cos θ)2 – 1
= sin2 θ + cos2θ + 2 sin θ cos θ – 1
= 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ – 1
= 2 sin θ cos θ …[sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
L.H.S. = n(m – 1)
2

= (sec θ + cosec θ) x 2 sin θ cos θ

= ( 1 + 1 ) x 2 sin θ cos θ
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
=( ) x 2 sin θ cos θ
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

= 2(sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃) = 2m = R.H.S

2. Find the value of:
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−1
+
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃−1
Solution:
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
+ = +
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃−1 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
+ −1 + −1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

= + = +

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ( + )

2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃( )
(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 )(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃( )
(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 )[1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)]
2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃( )
12 −(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 2
2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃( )
1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃−2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃( )
 1−(1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃( )
1 − 1 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃( )=1
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1.