Understanding Algorithms and Data Types
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Algorithms and Data Types
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Definition:
An algorithm is a sequence of actions or instructions that must be executed in
a well-defined order to solve a problem (or carry out a task).
a. Characteristics of an algorithm:
▪ The realization of an algorithm is a creative act based on logic.
▪ An algorithm must be finite and must terminate after a finite number of operations.
▪ The same problem can be solved using several [Link])
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An algorithm can be represented using pseudocode or aorganizational chart.
An algorithm written in pseudo-code consists of the following three parts:
The header, the declarative part, and the body
pseudo-code
The header
The declarative part
Start
Instructions The body: the tasks to be executed.
End
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1. The header of an algorithm: Consists of the word Algorithm, followed by a name.
identifying the algorithm.
Example: SumAlgorithm;
InvoiceAlgorithm
2. The declarative part of an algorithm: includes a list of variables and
constants used and manipulated in the body of the algorithm.
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✓Definition:
Data are information necessary for the execution of an algorithm. We
distinguishes two categories: constants and variables.
1. the constants:
A constant is a fixed value that does not change during the execution of an algorithm.
A constant is characterized by its name and its value (fixed).
Syntax:
ConstantName _Constant = value;
Example:
ConstantePi=3,14 ;
ConstantB = 6;
ConstanteMois= 'Mars
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2. the variables
A variable is an object whose content can be modified by a
action during the execution of an algorithm.
Une variable est caractérisée par son nom, sa valeur et son type.
Syntax: VariableName_Variable :Type;
Example:
Variable students: integer;
Variable note: real;
VariablePrénom :chaines de caractères;
VariableA :booléen;
VariableOperator:character;
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3. The types of data
Digital Alphanumeric
Type of
Boolean
data Integer Real Chain of
Characters
(without the comma) (With and without the comma) characters
-345 -123,56 4,1×1038 'A,' '@' Ibn Sina
True
Examples 182 56.12 18 2 '? ‘ ‘49', '3872'
Hello Fake
2018 3 -123 '+' '$'
Note:
✓ '32' is different from 32 because '32' represents the number thirty-two while '32' represents the sequence of the digits 3 and 2.
✓ A numeric type variable cannot receive a string or boolean.