FRONT LOADER

I. INTRODUCTION

The high costs of project construction require the utmost precision in

the quantity calculations of works, as the slightest detail can affect acceptance or
denial of these. According to builders and construction consultants, the activities of
earthmoving costs account for nearly 50% of the total cost. For this reason, both
the supervisor, like the contractor executing it, must be very careful when
moment to determine the different volumes that will be excavated, removed, etc.

Another aspect of great importance when executing a project is the selection of

the appropriate equipment for carrying out different activities increases costs,
in addition to causing delays in the execution period; resorting to machines or
high-power equipment for the execution of the project, mainly in the preparation of
land, excavation or terrace, these activities are: cleaning, cutting, material transfer,
compaction, etc., taking into account all elements of the price, knowing that the tasks to
executing constitutes 50% of the total amount of the projects, approximately.

II. OBJECTIVE

It is to provide modern solutions to hauling and loading materials problems, with the
purpose of reducing costs and increasing production.

III. DEFINITION
They are tractors mounted on tracks or tires, which have in their part
front loader a shovel operated by hydraulic controls. They are used to manipulate
loose materials, especially for lifting them from the ground and loading them on
trucks or other means of transportation.

IV. CLASSIFICATION
A. According to the way of performing the download:
Front Loader
Side Download
Rear Download

B. According to the type of rolling:

Of Tires (Rigid or articulated frame)
Of Caterpillars

S
V. TYPES

Brand: XCMG
Model: LW 420F
Año : 2006

Brand: XCMG
Modelo : ZL30G
Año : 2006

Brand: XCMG
Model: ZL50G
Año : 2006

Brand: CATERPILLAR
Model: 966F
Año : 1991

Marca : CATERPILLAR
Modelo : 950F
Año : 1995

Brand: CATERPILLAR
Model: 938G
Año : 2000

Marca : CATERPILLAR
Modelo : 938F
Año : 1998

Brand: CASE
Model: 821B
Año : 1997

Brand: CASE
Modelo : 821B
Año : 1996
VI. FRONT LOADER CHARACTERISTICS

DESCRIPCION CARACTERISTICAS
CLASS OF EQUIPMENT Front Loader

OPERATION WEIGHT Between 10500 and 15500 Kg

MOTOR
TYPE OF FUEL Diesel and/or Biodiesel

FEEDING SYSTEM Turbocharged mechanical or electronic direct injection.

CYLINDERS At least 4 inline cylinders.
ENGINE REVOLUTIONS Between 1450 to 2500 R.P.M

Minimum 130 HP. Maximum 170 HP. (Specifying the number of revolutions
NET POWER necessary to achieve the net power), the NET power must be specified.
according to DIN or SAE.

Torque neto representativo del motor = valor del torque neto desde 1400 rpm, para
In the end, the supplier must deliver the characteristic curve of the motor that shows
NET TORQUE
angular velocity against net torque, the net torque curve must be provided
according to DIN or SAE.

Through a pressurized radiator for heavy-duty work, hydraulic oil cooler,

COOLING SYSTEM oil cooler Servo transmission and/or intercooler, fuel cooler,
engine oil cooler.

Fuel filter located between the pre-filter water separator and the pump.
FUEL FILTER
injection.

Water separator A fuel water separator filter, with self-purge or purge tap.

Replaceable cartridge-type engine oil filter, hydraulic oil filter type

OIL FILTERS
replaceable magnetic cartridge, oil filter of the replaceable servo transmission.

Heavy-duty dry type air filter with primary and secondary element, with
AIR FILTER
precliner, with restriction indicator.

EMISSION CONTROL OF It must comply with Colombian standards for emissions control US TIER III
GASES the emission standard for gases for Europe EURO 3.
Exhaust: with a vertical pipe with a final curve for the protection of rainwater.
bright chrome finish or synthetic enamel resistant to high temperatures, the
ESCAPE SYSTEM
gas emissions into the environment must comply with the provisions established by
the Ministry of Transport for diesel vehicles.
 Through servo transmission or hydrostatic transmission with servo-assisted controls,
four-wheel drive
TRANSMISSION
Gear changes: at least three forward and three backward
Axles: steel axles without joints.
Service; Multiple hydraulic release with springs, or discs
BRAKES From parking: mechanical and hydraulic operated disc
by the operator from the cabin.

SPEED OF The maximum speed of movement must be greater than 30 kph for progression.
DISPLACEMENT and 20 kph for the reverse.

The fuel tank must have a filling capacity equal to or greater than 45
FUEL TANK
gallons, with a security plate or lock.

HYDRAULIC OIL TANK The tank must have a filling capacity equal to or greater than 15 gallons.

Flow rate: minimum 35 gl/min

Controls: centralized from the cabin with a single lever for operation of
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM loading and unloading with a neutralizing button.

For general use, made of wear-resistant hardened steel with wedges

Ladle and replaceable teeth.
Capacity: minimum 2.0 m3for materials with a density of 1,700 kg per m3
Spoon Force
DURING EXCAVATION OF Minimum 9,000 kg
LOADER
In loader straight equal to or greater than 8,400 kg
LIMITED TURNOVER LOAD In loader rotated or higher than 7,000 kg

PIN HEIGHT FOR THE

A 45º discharge between 2,700 and 4,000 mm
LADER

DEPTH OF
LOADER EXCAVATION Minimum–80 mm

TIRES Traction 20.5 x 25 12 ply or those from the manufacturer

Height: between 2,900 mm and 3,600 mm

Width: between 2,400 mm and 2,900 mm
Length: between 7,000 and 8,500 mm
DIMENSIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT
Clear distance to the ground: minimum 370 mm
Distance between axes: minimum 2,700 mm
Conventional hydraulic or adjustable hydrostatic steering, Turn: articulated chassis by
hydraulic cylinders,
ADDRESS
Articulation on each side: minimum 38º
Rear axle oscillation angle: +/- 9º and 24º.
VII. APPLICATIONS OF FRONT-END LOADERS.

One of the most common applications of the loader is loading materials in

carrying units. If the area surrounding the material to be loaded is
reasonably leveled, the hauling unit can be placed in a position
convenient nearby. In such a case, the charger can dig and make the movement.
short necessary to empty its load into the truck.

An important use of the front loader is the loading of blasting material.

carrying units, in the limited space of an excavation in it, of a tunnel or
from a quarry.

The front loader is also used to excavate aggregates or quarry material.

to load them onto the feed hopper grill of a crushing plant.

Of course, any construction cleanup operation that includes the

Gathering of material and its dumping in another place is ideal for a loader.
frontal.

VIII. CHARGING CYCLE

The loading cycle includes the loading, maneuvering, travel, and unloading times.
the recommended average values are listed below:
[Link] [Link] from 0.03 minutes to 0.20 minutes depending on the material and capacity.
from the ladle.
2. MANEUVER [Link] the time spent on the basic route, the employee
in the four changes of direction of the march and the turns, with a good
operator is estimated at 0.22 minutes.
3. TRAVEL [Link] those that are invested in the carrying and in the return.

[Link] TIME.-It is estimated as normal from 0.04 to 0.07 minutes and depends on the
size and resistance of the tipping box or hopper in which it is unloaded.

[Link] LOADER PERFORMANCE

The performance of the front loader bucket is given by the formula:

R=Vc*3600*Fe*Fe’*Ct=m3/h
Tc
Where:
It is the capacity of the bucket of the excavators or the front loader.
measured in cubic meters.

Fe: it is the efficiency factor of the machine, which varies between 70 and 80%.
 The Fe' factor is the effectiveness of the scoop, which depends on the class of
land:
TYPE OF LAND COEFFICIENT
Lazy 0.90–1.00
Half 0.80–0.90
Hard 0.50–0.80

Ct: it is the transformation coefficient. The average values will be

established by the following chart, depending on the material that is going to be
transported by the machine, so that it is shaped according to its profile, be it this
spongy or compacted.
Material Material
Type of land Profile
spongy Compressed
Earth 1.00 1.25 0.90
Clay 1.00 1.40 0.90
Arena 1.00 1.10 0.95

Tc: it is the duration time of the cycle in seconds, it includes in the

excavation and the turn until discharge, the discharge and the turn until origin. The
cycle time, with a rotation of 90º theoretically depending on the type of
the land is approximately:
Type of Land Tc in seconds
Lazy 15-20
Middle 20–25
Hard 25-30

Below is the standard performance chart of the charger

frontal, by regions:

STANDARD PERFORMANCE OF FRONT LOADER

Power Model Type of Work Costa Sierra Jungle
HP Until 2300 a More than
2300 m. 3800 m. 3800 m.

CAT. Transport of Loose material 760.00 700.00 620.00 550.00 600.00

100 Material (m3/d) Loose rock 680.00 610.00 550.00 480.00 520.00
930 (Truck 7 m3) Fixed rock 610.00 550.00 490.00 430.00 470.00

Transport of Loose material 1,040.00 950.00 840.00 750.00 810.00

CAT. 155 material (m3/d) Loose rock 920.00 840.00 740.00 660.00 710.00
950B (Truck 10 m3) Fixed rock 820.00 750.00 690.00 610.00 640.00
Transportation of Loose material 1,290.00 1,180.00 1,050.00 930.00 1,000.00
CAT. 200 material (m3/d) Loose rock 1,110.00 1,010.00 900.00 800.00 860.00
966D (Truck 10 m3) Fixed rock 970.00 880.00 790.00 700.00 750.00

NOTE: Standard performance per day of 08 hours.

X. SAFE PREVENTION PRACTICES IN THE INDUSTRY OF
CONSTRUCTION
RISKS.
1.- FALLS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
a) Do not use the Bulldozer as a means of transport.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

a) Impact helmet.
b) Safety footwear.

2.- TURNOVER
Preventive Measures
Do not park the Bulldozer less than 3m from the edge of the cliff or trenches.
b) Do not use the Bulldozer in areas with slopes greater than 30º or
unstable surfaces.
c) Inspect the area before starting the emptying at mid-slope with discharge towards
the slope.
SECURITY DEVICES
a)Roll cage.
b) Seatbelt.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

a) Impact helmet.
b) Safety footwear.

3.- NOISE AND VIBRATIONS

PREVENTIVE MEASURES
a) Avoid prolonged exposure of the operator.
SAFETY DEVICES
Anti-vibration seat.
b) Anti-vibration abdominal belt.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
a)Earplugs.

4.- FIRE
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
a)Keep flammable materials away during electrical repairs and
when performing welding work.
b)Keep the fuel tank in good condition and covered.
c)Keep engines and pipes clean of grease, oil spills, and fuels
of escape.
SECURITY DEVICES
a)ABC type extinguisher.
XI. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE FRONT LOADER