The gasoline injection Page : 1

Study boundary:

2. Technological solutions:

There are two architectures depending on the number and location of the injectors:
• Multipoint injection: the most common system currently, it has a
injector per cylinder, mounted on the intake manifold just before the valve (indirect injection)
fixed on the cylinder head leading into the combustion chamber (direct injection)
• Single-point injectionAs its name indicates, this system has only one
injector located before the throttle body

3. global function:
Driver action Motor needs

Electric energy Pollution control standards

Return tank
Essence Feed the engine with Dosed essence
fuel and powdered
A-0 Indicator light
Injection system
 The fuel injection Page : 2

4. Operating principle:

According to the driver's action on:

The accelerator pedal

The engine needs:

A quantity of air-fuel mixture

The amount of air is admitted into the engine by: The amount of gasoline is admitted into the engine by:

The intake manifold The power supply circuit

It varies according to: It varies depending on:

• The position of the throttle butterfly

The duration of the injector opening
• The engine regime

It is measured by: It is determined by:

The calculator

Depending on:

• Different sensors
• The needs of other systems
 The gasoline injection Page : 3

5. Constitution :

Landmarks Designations Landmarks Designations

1 tank 13 Oxygen sensor (Lambda)
2 Fuel pump 14 Knock sensor
3 Fuel filter 15 Water temperature sensor
4 Injector 16 Air temperature sensor
5 Pressure regulator 17 Idle regulator
6 Injection ramp 18 Canister solenoid valve
7 Gas butterfly 19 Canister reservoir
8 Intake manifold 20 Injection witness
9 Calculator 21 Diagnostic price
10 Pressure sensor 22 Power relay
11 Throttle position sensor 23 Starter switch
Speed and position sensor
12 24 Battery
engine
 The fuel injection Page : 4

6. Overview of the system:

Main parameters:

Engine speed
Collector pressure or
mass flow rate of air
Actuators:
Parameters
of adaptation: Injectors
Throttle body
Pedal position motorized
of accelerator Idle regulator
Butterfly position Electromagnetic valve of
T° water Calculator purge canister
T° air E.G.R Valve
Info lambda Pressure regulator
Info cliques turbo
Battery tension Fuel pump
Ignition coil

Information Diagnostic price

secondary:

Antitheft Food:
Air Conditioning
B.V.A Plus
Controlled clutch Masse

The main parameters: They allow for the measurement of the amount of air that will be used.
based on fuel dosage
The adaptation parameters:Ils permettentde moduler le dosage de base en l’adaptant
to the different driving situations (examples)Cold engine, foot to the floor, etc.) in order to make
the most optimal engine operation possible
Secondary information:They allow for adjusting the dosage based on the different
systems used by the driver or the vehicle
 Engine regime and position (12) Collector pressure or mass flow rate (10)
Electric energy
Water Temperature
Butterfly position (11) Lambda ( 13 )
( 15 )
Driver's action Cliquetis ( 14 ) Air Temperature (16)

Modify it
Air amount of air
aspiring Actuators
Butterfly ( 7 )
Traiter les informations
and control the actuators Témoin
Ensure the
regulation of Calculator Regulate the Return
régime de ralenti 9 pression
of essence tank
Actuator
slow down (17) Regulator
(5)

Carry out a Retain the Feed Spray the Brewer Mixture

Essence flow rate of impurities the fuel to walk the
fuel injectors mix carbureted
The pump The filter Ramp Injectors Collector
(2) 3 d’alimentation ( 6 ) 4 of admission (8)
A0

Injection system

Electric energy Materials of works Commands Informations

 The fuel injection Page : 6

8. The power supply circuit:

8.1 Different assemblies:

Submersible pump Submersible pump and regulator External pumps

Landmarks Designations
Aspiration 1 Tank
Nutrition 2 Lift pump
Refoulement
3 Fuel filter
4 Feeding ramp
Return
5 Injectors
6 Pressure regulator

8.2 Generalities:

The fuel supply circuit is responsible for supplying the injectors with fuel.
An electric fuel pump pushes the fuel from the tank to a filter, then into a
Fuel rail that distributes evenly among the different injectors.
A pressure regulator allows for maintaining a constant pressure in the circuit.(2.5 to 4
bars) and allows the return of excess fuel to the tank. This continuous circulation
Fuel allows to prevent the formation of vapor bubbles in the circuit (vaporlock)
 The fuel injection Page : 7

8.3 Constituent elements:

A. The fuel transfer pump:

It provides a constant fuel flow to the supply circuit.

A.1 Context Setting:

Submersible pump Submersible pump and regulator

Markers Designations Landmarks Designations

1 Reservoir 4 Fuel level sensor
2 Lift pump 5 Gauge well
3 Strainer 6 Pressure regulator

A.2 Constitution :
Landmarks designations
A Pumping element
B Electric motor
C Connection cover
1 Arrival of fuel
2 Safety valve
3 Inuit
4 Inductors (magnets)
5 Check valve
6 Fuel outlet
Aspiration refoulement
 The fuel injection Page : 8

B. The fuel filter:

Paper filter element Sieve

Arrival Exit

His role is to ensure that the injection system receives fuel free from any impurities.
that can damage the system.
It consists of a paper filter, whose filtration threshold is between 5 and 10 microns.
and a sieve that prevents the circulation of any debris that may come from a tear
of the filter, that is why it is imperative to respect its mounting direction during a
replacement

C. The pressure regulator:

Landmarks Designations
1 Intake manifold connector
2 Spring
3 Flap door
4 Membrane
5 Valve
6 Fuel arrival
7 Fuel exit (return)

Nutrition Return

It functions to maintain the pressure of the supply circuit constant and to

allow the return of the excess fuel
 The gasoline injection Page : 9

D. The injectors:

D.1 Scenario:
Feeding ramp
Injector
Intake valve
Intake manifold

Air

D.2 Constitution :

Nipple injector Flooded injector

Landmarks Designations Landmarks Designations

1 Filter 5 Magnetic core
2 Connector 6 Needle
3 Magnetic winding 7 Nipple
4 Return spring 8 Fuel arrival
 The fuel injection Page : 10

D.3 Operation:

The injectors spray the fuel

They are commanded by the calculator that decides their grounding.
When there is current flowing in the magnetic winding, a field is created.
magnetic that attracts the magnetic core. This being connected to the needle, it lifts up and
authorizes the release of fuel.
As soon as the excitement ends, the return spring pushes and holds the needle in its seat.. He
no more injection

D.4 Example of connection:

 Designation Diagram Function Signal
Sensor of It can be of the inductive type or Hall effect.
regime Fixed above a steering wheel crown
engine position engine, the informal speed calculator
the engine rotation and the TDC of 1er
cylinder

Sensor of It is of the Hall effect type. It allows to

phase synchronize the injection with the distribution
by informing the calculator of the position of the
1hecylinder. Add to the sensor of
diet, it allows identifying the time at which
is located the engine

Sensor of It is of the piezoresistive type, its resistance

pression varies with pressure.
admission It allows measuring the pressure in the
admission collector in order to manage the
pressure of underfeeding and the injected flow

Position sensor It is made up of a magnet and a sensor.

pedal hall effect. It converts the driver's action
electrical signal and transmits it to the
calculator so that it actuates the butterfly
gas motorized as required
 Designation Diagram Function Signal
Deposition sensor It is made up of two potentiometers.
pedal convert the driver's action into a signal
electric.
The two track signals are compared in
permanence in order to carry out a self-diagnosis

Deposition sensor It is made up of two potentiometers.

butterfly movement of the butterfly wings
electric signal. In order to inform the calculator
of its opening
The two signals of the tracks are compared in
permanence in order to carry out a self-diagnosis

Sensor of Generally of type CTN, it can be

water temperature typeCTP: Coefficient de Température Positive
(its resistance increases with temperature)
It informs the temperature calculator of the
cooling circuit in order to adjust the flow
and to control the preheating system

Sensor of It is a thermistor type sensor, it informs the

air temperature air temperature calculator in order to
adjust the flow rate according to its density
 Designation Scheme Function Signal
The flow meter to It is located between the air filter and the turbo.
hot film measure the amount of air admitted into the engine and
allows the computer to manage recycling
exhaust gas through the EGR valve
It integrates the air temperature probe
Mass in KG/h

The sensor of It is a piezoelectric type sensor. Fixed

clicks at the center of the engine block, it converts the
vibrations due to combustion as signal
electric. It transmits its signal to the computer.
who modifies the ignition and injection timing
according to the need

The probe to Often in pairs (one upstream of the

oxygen (Lambda) catalyst and a devourer), it measures the rate
residual oxygen in the exhaust in order to
manage the dosage and thus reduce pollution
 The fuel injection Page : 14

10. Actuators:

10.1 Motorized throttle bodies:

A. There are two magnetic poles:

Winding
2. Magnet
3. Butterfly
4. Calculator
A.B. Way

The butterfly is operated by a rotor consisting of two

magnetic poles (N.S)
Depending on the polarity of the winding, it creates a field
magnetic that attracts the rotor in one direction or in
the other (opens or closes the butterfly)

B. Direct current electric motor:

Electric motor
2. Rebound spring
Calculator

The controller drives a DC motor to open the

butterfly. The movement of the electric motor is transmitted to the butterfly
by a gear train.
The inverter changes the polarities to modify the direction of rotation and
thus open or close the butterfly
 The gasoline injection Page : 15

10.2 The idle regulation:

A. Principle:

Engine Gas
Air Butterfly of
exhaust
gas

Actuator of Air passage

deceleration
Speed sensor
and engine position Information

Order
Calculator

The calculator has in memory a neutral throttle setting (e.g. 900 RPM)
He compares the instantaneous engine regime with the set value, if the idle is not
correct, the controller drives the actuator placed in parallel with the throttle. It increases the
amount of air to increase the speed and vice versa

B. Technological solutions:

Electromagnetic valve
Stepper motor
 The gasoline injection Page : 16

11. Decontamination:

11.1 The catalyst:

It is designed to transform the three main pollutants, HC (hydrocarbons), CO

(carbon monoxide), NOx (nitrogen oxides), into harmless substances.

A. Situation Setup:

[Link]
Upstream lambda probe
3. Catalyst
Downstream lambda sensor

B. Constitution :

Oxygen probe
2. Support grid
3. Double shell with insulation
thermal
4. Catalytic layer
active
5. Monolithic support
Envelope
 The fuel injection Page : 17

11.2 The EGR valve:

Its function is to recycle (under certain conditions) the exhaust gases in the
reintroducing into the admission and thus reducing pollution by decreasing HC and NOx

A. Situational Setting:

Exhaust collector
b. Pre-catalyst
c. Exhaust gas recycling tube
d. Cylinder head
EGR valve
intake manifold
g. Motorized throttle body

Air

Exhaust gas

B. Constitution :

a. Exhaust gas inlet

b. Exhaust gas outlet
c. Motor and potentiometer of
recopy
d. Command range
e. Valve

It is controlled by the calculator based on water temperature, engine speed and the
charge. An integrated copy potentiometer allowsto inform the calculator of the voucher
operation of the valve
 The fuel injection Page : 18

11.3 The purge canister:

The canister is a 'sponge' for vaporized essences. The tank contains activated charcoal.
captures and stores gasescoming from the reservoir and the intake manifold. As a result, the vapors
essence no longer spreads into the atmosphere
The solenoid valve is controlled by the ccalculator that determines the recycling phases according to
many parameters. It remains open when it is not powered (normally open)

Reservoir
2. Canister tank
3. Canister solenoid valve
Intake manifold
Calculator

Gasoline vapors

12. Safety instructions:

During intervention on the fuel circuit of an injection system, it is necessary to:

• Position yourself in a ventilated work area or outdoors
• Intervene on a cold or warm engine because gasoline can ignite easily.
on contact with a hot engine
• Systematically connect a gas extraction systemexhaust
when the engine runs in a workshop
 DIESEL INJECTION Page : 1
Electronics
Common rail injection:

1. Situation setting:

2. Definition:

A 'common rail' system refers to a Diesel injection system in which the injectors are
fed by a common ramp and electronically controlled by a computer
injection.
Unlike conventional injection, there is no longer an injection pump, but a pump
high pressure.

3. Global function:
Motor needs
Pollution control standards
Driver's action

Electric energy
Electric energy consommé
Sprayed fuel and
Fuel in its state Feed the engine with dose under a strong
liquid and at pressure fuel pressure
atmospheric
A-0 Mechanical energy
Mechanical energy consommé
Injection system
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics

4. Conditions to be met:

Ease of adaptation Very few modifications to be made on the injection engines.

direct
Independence The pressure no longer depends on the engine speed.
Very high pressure From 1300 to 1800 bars for each injector
Respect pollution standards Possibilities of performing multiple injections per cycle
thus resulting in a decrease in consumption

5. Constitution :
2

1
3
7

5
4

Reference Designation Reference Designation

1 Injector 5 Electronic housing
2 High pressure pipe 6 Timing belt
3 Common ramp Input of information
High pressure pump 7 and exit from the commands
4
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :

Electronics 3

6. Functions:

Main function Service functions Associated sub-systems

Fueling some
The circuit
injectors and allow the
of food
return of the surplus

Feed the engine in Spray precisely the

good amount of fuel The injectors
fuel

Measuring the parameters of System

functioning and driving the of exploitation
actuators electronics

7. The power circuit:

It is divided into three parts:

A low-pressure circuit
A high-pressure circuit
A return circuit

The fuel is drawn from the tank by an electric or mechanical pump and comes
feed the high-pressure pump. It can be located in the gauge well or directly
incorporated into the high pressure pump. Depending on the temperaturethe fuel, is it directed or not
towards a heater
The high-pressure pump continuously supplies the common rail which distributes in a way
Fuel uniforms have injectors (same pressure and quantity)
The return circuit allows the fuel to return to the high-pressure pump and the tank.
includes a heat exchanger that allows the fuel to be cooled beforehand
to reach the tank, in order to avoid condensation and thus the formation of water.
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
7.1 Example of power supply circuit:

A. Bosch System (formerly PSA)

Low pressure

High pressure

Return

Reference Designation Reference Designation

1 to 4 injectors 11 Reservoir
5 Common ramp Fuel filter, decanter
Fuel temperature probe 12 water
6
7 Pressure sensor 13 Water discharge valve
8 Cooler 14 Fuel heater
9 Pre-filter 15 High pressure pump
10 Lift pump 16 High pressure regulator
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
B. Example Siemens (PSA):
Low pressure (suction)

High pressure

Return

Marker Designation Reference Designation

1 Pre-filter 7 Pressure regulator
2 Priming pump 8 Common ramp
3 Filter and decanter 9 Pressure sensor
4 Electric heater 10 Injectors
High pressure pump and 11 Return circuit
5 supply pump Fuel temperature sensor
12
6 Flow regulator 13 cooler

C. Delphi example (Renault):

Low pressure (suction)

High pressure

Return

Injector return (suction)

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Electronics

7.2 The constituents:

A. The transfer pump:

Marker Designation Marker Designation

1 Reservoir A Pumping element
2 Lift pump B Electric motor
3 Pre-filter C Connecting lid
4 Fuel level sensor 1 Fuel arrival
5 Gauge well 2 Safety valve
3 Induit
4 Inductors (magnets)
5 Check valve
6 Fuel discharge

The lift pump (supply) pushes the fuel from the tank to the high pump.
pressure (around 2 to 3 bars with a flow rate of 200 l/h)
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
B. The fuel filter:
Exemple: siemens ; Delphi
Connector of
heater

Cartouche
filtering

Reference of
tightening

Sensor of
presence of water

Show of purge
of water
Its role is to provide the high-pressure system with fuel free from all impurities.
can damage the system. Its filtration threshold is about 5 microns.
Some systems do not have a heater and have a relationship with the filter housing.
is the engine water housing.

C. The high pressure hydraulic pump:

She is trained by the distribution and is tasked with continuously sending to the ramp.
commune, a sufficient amount of fuel, at a pressure between 200 bars and more than
1800 (according to the system)
It must be functional in all operating ranges of the engine and perform an ascent.
rail pressure ramp

Example: Bosch
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronic
Operation:

Example: Bosch CP1

At a pressure lower than 0.8the bars

The safety valve is closed. The fuel
pass through a nozzle in order to
to allow the lubrication and the
pump cooling.
At a pressure greater than 0.8 bars, the
the valve opens and allows the supply of
pumping elements

Phase aspiration:

The cam descends. The piston is pushed back.

by its spring, causing a rise in
volume of the pressure chamber and by
consequently a drop in pressure. The
the intake flap opens and the fuel
enters the room.

Phase regression:

The camera mount. The piston is pushed towards

the high leading to a decrease in volume
and a strong rise in pressure. The valve
the aspiration closes and the flap of
backflows allowing fuel
to circulate towards Durail.
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
Example 2: Delphi

Unlike the Bosch pump, there is no supply pump. The high-pressure pump
has a transfer pump whose role is to supply the high-pressure circuit
Pump of Pump Sensor of
transfer HP temperature

Return

Regulator
BP
Exit
HP

Head
Entry of hydraulic
diesel

Suction pressure

Transfer pressure

Injection pressure

Return pressure
injector (suction)
Return pressure
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics

Filling phase phase backflow

During the filling phase, the pressure During the rotation of the ring, the rollers
detransferts a sufficient value for roll on the cam ring. When they
move the plungers apart. The volume arrive on a gear, they get closer,
between the two pistons allows for filling leading to a strong rise in pressure

D. Common ramps:

The ramp is made of forged steel and suited to the engine displacement.
Her role is to provide the injectors with a fuel pressure identical to a flow rate.
each of them is adapted to the instantaneous needs of the engine.
It is composed according to the system:
High pressure exhaust (one per cylinder)
A pressure sensor
From a fuel temperature probe
A pressure regulator

High pressure outputs

Temperature probe Pressure sensor

Pressure sensor fuel
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics

8. The injectors:

The injector allows the fuel to be sprayed into the combustion chamber by dosing it with
precision the debit the advance point
It can be broken down into two parts:
Lower partMulti-hole injector similar to the injectors
classics equipped with direct injection engines
Upper partIt includes the electric control device and
allows the command of the needle

A. The Bosch system:

A.1 Constitution :

Reference Designation Reference Designation

1 Return connection 7 Injector spring
2 Return circuit valve 8 Pressure chamber
3 Pump inlet connection 9 Injector needle
Inject circuit 10 Electrical connector
4 nutrition Coil
11
5 Control room 12 Return spring
6 Link rod 13 Magnetic core
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
A.2 Operation:

Solenoid valve

Bill

Control room

Connecting rod

Chambre de pression

Needle

Three phases of operation are distinguished:

Injectors closed (at rest): The solenoid valve is not powered (closed leak). The
spring plate the ball on its seat. The pressure of the control chamber is equal to the
Pressure in the pressure chamber. The spring keeps the injector needle in its range.
of sealing.
Opening of the injectorThe solenoid is powered and generates a field
magnetic. The magnetic core compresses the spring and allows the [Link] the circuit
return. The nozzle of the supply circuit prevents pressure balancing, which has the effect of
Lift the needle. The injected flow depends on the pressure in the rail, the opening time.
and doubted the holes of the buzzard
Injector closureThe solenoid needs to be activated, the return spring
Push the magnetic core and it drives the ball on its seat, there is no longer a leak. The pressure.
It balances again, the spring pushes the needle back, there is no more injection.
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics

B. The Siemens system:

B.1 Constitution :

1 2

Reference Designation Marker Designation

1 Piezoelectric actuator 9 Control room
2 Clamping nut 10 Closing button
3 Electrical connector 11 Connecting rod
4 Input filter 12 Return spring
5 High pressure connector 13 Injector needle
6 Fuel return connector 14 Pressure chamber
7 Amplifier lever 15 Injector hole
8 Control piston
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
B.2 Operation:

- The operating principle is identical to that of the Bosch injector. Only the control of
leak is different.
The system is no longer controlled by a solenoid valve but by a piezoelectric assembly.
elevator. This one-it is composed of several hundreds of layers of quartz whose property is to
they deform when they receive an electric impulse.
This system has the advantage of being extremely fast and thus improving the dosage and the point.
injection.

F1
FR

F2
F1: Force resulting from the pressure in the control chamber High pressure
F2: Force from the pressure chamber
Force from the injector calibration spring Return pressure

F1 + FR > F2 injector closed F1 + FR < F2 open injector

The control piezoelectric is not The control piezoelectric is
not fed, the closure mushroom fed. It relaxes and targets on the lever
close the return channel with its spring amplifier.
of reminder. The lever causes the movement of the piston
La haute pression estidentiquedans la command that presses on the mushroom of
pressure chamber and the chamber of closure, thus realizing a shift towards the return
command (F1 = F2) Thanks to the nozzle, the pressure drops in the
The taragemaintien spring holds the needle control room and not in the room
in his seat of pressure (F1 < F2)
The spring calibration is exceeded, the injector
open and spray the fuel
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
9. The electronic operating system:
 Designation Diagram Function Signal
Sensor of It can be of the inductive type or Hall effect.
diet Fixed above a steering wheel crown
engine position engine, informal speed calculator
of the engine rotation and of the TDC of 1er
cylinder

Sensor of It is of the Hall effect type. It allows for

phase synchronize the injection with the distribution
by informing the calculator of the position of
1hecylinder. Add to the sensor of
regime, it allows to identify the time at which
is located the engine

Sensor of It is of the piezoresistive type, its resistance

pressure varies with pressure.
admission It allows to measure the pressure in the
intake collector to manage the
pressure of underfeeding and the injected flow rate

Position sensor It consists of two potentiometers

pedal convert the driver's action into a signal
electric.
The two signals from the tracks are compared in
permanence in order to carry out a self-diagnosis
 Designation Schema Function Signal
Sensor of It is of the piezoelectric type, it provides a
ramp pressure tension proportional to the pressure of the
fuels located on the ramp in order to manage this
pressure and the amount of fuel to inject

Sensor of It is of the typeCTN: Temperature Coefficient

temperature Negative (resistance decreases when the
fuel temperature rises
Fixed on the ramp or on the return circuit
tank, it allows the computer to modify the
flow rate depending on the viscosity of the fuel

Sensor of Very generally of the type CTN, it can be

water temperature typeCTP: Coefficient de Température Positive
(its resistance increases with temperature)
It informs the temperature calculator of the
cooling circuit in order to adjust the flow
and to control the preheating system

Sensor of It is a thermistor sensor, it informs the

air temperature air temperature calculator in order to
adjust the flow based on its density
 Designation Diagram Function Signal
The flow meter at It is located between the air filter and the turbo.
hot film measures the mass of air admitted into the engine and
allows the computer to manage recycling
exhaust gas through the EGR valve
He integrates the air temperature probe
Mass in KG/h

The sensor of He is the type with Hall effect (on certain vehicles)
vehicle speed multiplexed, it is a signal provided by the
ABS sensor
It allows the computer to know the
vehicle advancement parameters

The contactors of They are fixed on their respective pedals.

clutch stop Also called security contact of
speed regulator, these are switches
or nothing
 Designation Diagram Function Signal
Solenoid valve of This solenoid valve is of the proportional type.
regulation of It is located between the vacuum pump and the
overfeeding turbo regulating valve.
It is controlled by an RCO tension (Ratio
Opening Cycle
It allows to regulate the pressure of
overfeeding

Solenoid valve of This solenoid valve can be of type

regulation of proportional or all or nothing. It is located
EGR valve between the vacuum pump and the EGR valve.
It is controlled by an RCO voltage
It allows the activation of the EGR valve.
when it is pneumatic

EGR valve It is an electrically controlled valve operated by a

tensionRCO. It allows to divert a
quantity of exhaust gas to the intake
in order to improve consumption and the
pollution

Regulator This is a solenoid valve of type

High pressure proportional controlled by a current RCO.
It can be located on the larampeou on the
high pressure pump.

It allows to create a leak on the HP circuit

in order to regulate the pressure in the ramp
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
Example of assembly:
Regulation of overfeeding:
Vacuum pump

Exhaust gas
Air
Pump pressure at
see (aspiration) Solenoid valve

Command capsule

Air filter Escape

Regulation of the EGR valve:

Air filter EGR valve

Escape
 INJECTION DIESEL Page :
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Electronics
The pump injector injection

1. Setting the scene:

2. Training :

Rocker arm with roller

Injection pipes

Valve stems

Roller rocker arm

 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
3. The injectors (Example VW TDI):

4. Operation:

We distinguish three phases of operation:

Pre-injection
The main injection
The end of injection
 DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
Pre-injection: Main injection: End of injection:

Pre-injection: The chamber pushes the pump piston. The solenoid valve is powered and closed.
the feed channel through its needle. The pump piston causes the volume to decrease
from the high-pressure chamber thereby creating an increase in pressure in front of the injector needle.
As soon as the pressure becomes greater than the spring's self-sufficiency, the needle rises.

-The main injection: The solenoid valve remainsclosed and the pump piston continues its descent.
The fuel flow in the high-pressure chamber is greater than the amount that can
escaping through the injector holes, the pressure can reach 2050 bar. This pressure is reached
that in the case of maximum power, high regime and high injection rate.

The end of injection: the solenoid valve is no longer controlled resulting in thecircuit opening
of feeding. The pressure drops very quickly in the high-pressure chamber, as soon as it is
Under the autarky of the spring, the needle closes.

Food 300 bar 300-2050 bar Return

DIESEL INJECTION Page :
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Electronics
The safety rules: