Modifiers Kabir

Kabir 01726868408
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3. Noun-adjective as Pre modifier: A‡bK mgq Noun-I Noun-‡K modify K‡i| hLb `ywU Noun cvkvcvwk e‡m, ZLb cÖ_g Noun-
‡h Word ev Phrase- Noun-c~‡e© A_ev c‡i e‡m D³ Noun -‡K modify K‡i A_©vr D³ Noun m¤ú‡K© AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K Modifier wU wØZxq Noun wU‡K modify K‡i e‡j Zv Adjective.
e‡j| Modifier g~jZ t Sentence- Gi g‡a¨ Adjective-Gi KvR K‡i| We bought a train ticket.
He is a wise man. e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z train ticket `ywUB Noun Ges Zv cvkvcvwk e‡m‡Q| cÖ_g Noun "train" wØZxq Noun "ticket" Gi c~‡e© e‡m Zv‡K
The boy playing in the field is strong. modify K‡i| ZvB train D³ sentence-G Pre modifier.
e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii cÖ_g Sentence -G "Wise"- adjective-wU man Noun-wUi c~‡e© e‡m †m m¤ú‡K© AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| ZvB Wise Sentence- We enjoyed a football match yesterday.
G Modifier. Let us go out by the sea beach.
Avevi 2q Sentence-G playing in the field-G phrase- wU "boy" Noun- wUi c‡i e‡m D³ Noun m¤ú‡K© AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i| "playing A train journey is pleasant.
in the field" phrase-wU 2q Sentence-G Modifier.
4. Demonstratives as Pre-modifier: Demonstrative pronoun (this, these, that, those, such) Pre-modifier wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ
Note : (i) Determiners, Adjectives Gi Noun-Adjective Modifier Gi KvR K‡i| nq|
(ii) Modifier me mgq Noun Phrase Gi head word - Gi c~‡e© ev c‡i e‡m| I bought this book yesterday.
A‡bK mgq Adverbial Phrase Gi Modifier _v‡K| Those boys are playing in the field.

Modifier `y cÖKvi t 1. Pre-modifier, 5. Determiners as pre-modifiers: Determiners A_©vr Articles (a, an, the) Pre-modifier wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
2. Post-modifier He bought a pen. The boy took an egg.
Pre modifier The Padma is a big river.

Pre k‡ãi A_© c~‡e©| ZvB †h Modifier-Noun ev Noun phrase- Gi c~‡e© e‡m Zv‡K modify K‡i Zv‡K pre-modifier e‡j| D‡jøL¨ pre- 6. Quantifiers are pre-modifiers: Quantifiers A_©vr No, any, some, few, a few, several, every, either, neither, each, a
modifier Noun phrase- Gi head word- Gi c~‡e Ges Determiner-Gi c‡i e‡m| good many, a great many, enough, much, lots of, a lot of, little, very little, a little, more, most, less, least, a number of, the
number of, a great number of, a good deal of, a great deal of, plenty of, many BZ¨vw` pre-modifier wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
Different Types of pre modifier The man has much money.
1. Adjectives as Pre modifier: G‡¶‡Î Adjective Noun ev Noun phrase- Gi c~‡e© e‡m Pre modifier- Gi KvR K‡i| Give me a little rice.
Adjective- Gi G ai‡bi use ‡K Attributive use ejv nq| He bought five books from the book fair.
He is an intelligent boy.
7. Compounds as Pre modifier: A‡bK mgq Compounds Pre modifier-Gi KvR K‡i| Compounds n‡jv GKvw`K k‡ãi mgš^q hv
e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii Sentence-G "intelligent" adjective-wU "boy" Noun-Gi c~‡e e‡m Pre modifier Gi KvR K‡i‡Q|
GKwU Single Noun Gi KvR K‡i|
A wise man cannot commit a great blunder.
Our country needs many honest workers. A hard-working student can shine in life.
The most young beautiful lady drew the attention of the audience. e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z hard-working Compound-wU hard Ges working-G kã `yÕwUi mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zv student GB Noun-
wUi c~‡e© e‡m, Zv‡K modify K‡i‡Q| ZvB hard-working-G Compound-wU "Student" Noun-wUi Premodifier.
2. Participles as pre modifier: Avgiv Rvwb participles memgq Adjective-Gi KvR K‡i| Avevi Adjective me©`v Noun-‡K He bought a brand-new car.
modify K‡i| ZvB Participle hLb Noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m D³ Noun ‡K modify K‡i ZLb Zv pre modifier Ges participle hLb Noun Gi c~‡e© We got into a first-class compartment.
e‡m D³ Noun ‡K modify K‡i ZLb Zv pre modifier Ges Pre-modifier Ges participle hLb Noun- Gi c~‡e© e‡m Noun- ‡K modify K‡i The man came here wearing an old-fashioned shirt.
It is a back-dated idea.
ZLb Zv Post-modifier.
He sold his out-of-order machine.
(i) Present participle as pre modifier (Verb-Gi present form Gi mv‡_ ing without any AV if acts like an adjective):
8. Possessive as Pre modifier: G †¶‡Î Possessive (my, our, your, their, her, his, its, noun’s) Noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m
A sleeping dog seldom bites.
Premodifier wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii sentence-wU‡Z sleep-G verb- wUi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM n‡q Zv Adjective- Gi KvR K‡i| KviY sleeping Øviv KzKziwU †Kgb Zv cÖKvk
His brother has gone to Japan.
Ki‡Q| Dc‡iv³ sleeping-G present participle-wU Noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m‡Q| ZvB Sleeping D³ Sentence-G pre-modifier.
Our country is very fertile.
A drowning man catches at a straw.
Mr. Rahim's shirt is new.
All the hopes of the promising boy were nipped in the bud.
Don't get down from a running train.
9. Adverb as Pre modifier: wKQy Adverb ‡hgb - then, above, down, up etc. Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m Modifier wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|
Casablanca stood on the burning deck.
The then Headmaster was a learned man. (The word which modifies adjective, verb and another adverb)
(ii) Past Participles as Premodifier (g~j Verb-Gi Past Participle form if acts like an adjective)
e¨vL¨v: Dc‡ii Sentence-G "then"-G Adverb-wU "Headmaster"-G Noun-wUi c~‡e© e‡m Pre modifier wn‡m‡e KvR Kv‡i|
He bought a rotten fish.
1. Adverb of Manner: Adjective + ly: Nicely, usually, naturally, usefully
e¨vL¨vt Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z rot-Verb-Gi Past Participle "rotten" Ges Zv Adjective-Gi KvR Ki‡Q| KviY rotten Øviv gvQwU
2. Adverb of Time: Now, then, once, often, sometimes, never, yesterday, today, tomorrow, regularly,
†Kgb Zv cÖKvk cv‡”Q| AwaKš‘ rotten-G Participle-wU fish Noun-Gi c~‡e e‡m‡Q| ZvB "rotten" Pre-modifier.
always, ever, suddenly
Everybody respects a learned man.
3. Adverb of Place: Here, there, up, over, above, bottom, under, down, below, beside, behind, forward,
They live in abandoned water.
top
We should not drink polluted water.
He showed me the written order of the principal. The down train will leave now.
(iii) Perfect Participle as Pre-modifier: ‡h †Kvb Verb Gi Past Participle Gi c~‡e© having hy³ Ki‡j Perfect Participle MwVZ nq| The above passage is difficult.
Perfect Participle me mgq Phrase AvKv‡i _v‡K Ges GwU Verb Gi Pre-modifier wnmv‡e Mb¨ nq| Having + PP
Having finished the homework, the students started for school.
10. General Ordinals as Pre-modifier: General Ordinals A_©vr Other, the other, next, last, another, further etc. Noun (vii) Adjective as post modifier: Adjective ‡K modify K‡i mvaviYZt Zvi c~‡e© e‡m| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq Zv wKQz Noun Ges pronoun
Gi c~‡e© e‡m Modifier wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| (something, everyone, anyone) Gi c‡i e‡m Zv‡K modify K‡i|
The injured opener will be replaced by another player. All the members present in the meeting were against the proposal.
I will buy the other mangoes. e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z " Present" G Adjective-wU members Noun-Gi c‡i e‡m Zv‡K modify K‡i‡Q| ZvB Present-G
Further warning is not necessary. Adjective-wU members Noun-wUi Post Modifier.
I don't find anything wrong in the papers.
Post Modifier There is something abnormal in his behaviour.
Kabir Sir Is there anyone interested in art?
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Post k‡ãi A_© c‡i| ZvB †h modifier Noun ev Noun Phrase-Gi c‡i e‡m Zv‡K modify K‡i Zv‡Kv Post Modifier e‡j| (viii) Relative clause as Post Modifier: Relative Clause me©`v Noun- Gi c‡i e‡m D³ Noun-‡K modify K‡i|
Different Types of Post Modifiers Relative Pronoun: That, who, which, what, where, when, why, whose, whom, how
The boy who lost his pen is poor.
(i) Infinitive Phrase as Post Modifier: To+Verb-Gi c‡i AwZwi³ kã ewm‡q Infinitive phrase MwVZ nq| e¨vL¨vt Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z "who lost his pen" G Relative Clause-wU "boy" Noun-wUi c‡i e‡m Zv‡K modify K‡i‡Q| ZvB "who lost
Infinitive = To + Verb his pen" G Relative Clause-wU "boy" Noun-wUi Post Modifier.
Infinitive Phrase = To + Verb + Something
The lady who ate many items was greedy.
He made an attempt to escape punishment.
I bought a pen which was black.
e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z "to escape punishment"-G infinitive phrase-wU "attempt" Noun-wUi c‡i e‡m Zv‡K modify
She took a cabin that was small.
K‡i‡Q| ZvB D³ Sentence-G "to escape punishment" "attempt" Noun-wUi post Modifier. Do you know the boy who came here yesterday?
His plan to start the business ended in smoke.
His scheme to found a hospital did not come true. (ix) Adverb as post Modifier:
Her decision to study medicine was appreciated. The questions below are to be answered.
I took a determination to pass the examination. e¨vL¨vt Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z "Below" G Adverb-wU "questions"-G Noun-wUi c‡i e‡m Zv‡K modify K‡i‡Q| ZvB Below Adverb-wU
"questions" Noun-wUi c‡i e‡m Zv‡K modify K‡i‡Q| ZvB "below"Adverb-wU "questions" Noun -wUi most modifier.
(ii) Present Participle Phrase as Post Modifier: Verb + ing + something
The man behind is his brother.
The boy standing at the door is known to me.
The beggar there is waiting for alms.
e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z standing at the door G Present Participle Phrase-wU "boy" Noun-wU Posdt Modifier.
I saw the porter lying on the floor.
He found the girl reading a book. Intensifier
They watched the train leaving the station.
Intensifier kãwU mvaviYZ Adjective I Adverb Gi Dci AwaK †Rvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv nq| ZvB Adjective I Adverb ‡K Post
(iii) Past Participle Phrase as Post Modifier: Verb3 + something modify Kiv gv‡b Zv‡`i c~‡e© Intensifier e¨envi Kiv|
The machines made in a local factory are working well. List of Intensifiers: Very, extremely, much, so, more, most, least, too etc.
e¨vL¨vt Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z "made in a local factory" G past participle phrase-wU "machines" Noun-wUi post Modifier. The people living by the Padma are very poor.
The book published in 1993 has been revised. This sum is too difficult for the students to solve.
The building constructed fifty years ago collapsed last week. Their economic condition is extremely bad.
The letter signed by the principle was posted.

(iv) Perfect Participle as Post Modifier: (Having + PP) Nominal Adjective

Prize money was given to the swimmer having reached the touchline first.
Jobs were offered only to the youths having done well in the previous competitions. What is a nominal adjective?
We know that adjectives are words that modify (or describe) nouns, such as the word red in “the red jacket,” or the word
beautiful in “that girl is beautiful.”
(v) Prepositional phrase as post modifier: Prepositional phrase hLb Post Modifier wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i ZLb AwaKvsk †¶‡Î Zv‡K
Nominal adjectives, on the other hand, are adjectives that perform the function of a noun in a sentence. They are headed by
Relative Clause/Subordinate Adjective Clause-G iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq| the word ‘the’. They can be found as the subject or the object of a sentence or clause. For example:
Preposition + something (Avoid: to + verb, for + verb + ing) “The elderly are a great source of wisdom.”
The road to Khulna is spacious. “The French have amazing restaurants.”
e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii Sentence-wU‡Z "to Khulna" G preposition phrase-wU"road" Noun-wUi c‡i e‡m Zv‡K Modify K‡i‡Q| D‡jøL¨ The road to “The opposite of up is down.”
Khulna Øviv g~jZ t The road that leads to Khulna eySvq ev Relative Clause ev Subordinate Adjective Clause. “The best is yet to come.”
In the examples above, the nominal adjectives do not modify any other noun — they’re acting as nouns themselves.
The boy in torn cloth is very poor.
Specifically, they are performing the function of the subject of the sentences, but, as we mentioned, they can also function
The fish on the pan is very fresh. as objects. For example:
The man on board the ship was clever. “We should treat the elderly with respect.”
“This law protects the innocent.”
(vi) Appositive as post modifier: hLb `yÕwU Noun cvkvcvwk e‡m GKB e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K eySvq ZLb wØZxq Noun-wU cÖ_g Noun-wUi m¤ú‡K© “We all want the best for her.”
AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i|
Mr. Ahmed, principal of our college, is a good administrator. Important Note:
e¨vL¨v t Dc‡ii Sentence-G "principal of our college" G Appositive-wU "Mr. Ahmed"-G Noun-wUi c‡i e‡m D³ Noun-‡K modify Pre-modify the noun = Adjective
Pre-modify the adjective = Adverb
K‡i Zvi m¤ú‡K© AwZwi³ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i|
Post-modify the verb = Adverb
We invited Mr. Islam, a great physician of Bangladesh. Post-modify the adverb = Adverb
Babor, emperor of Delhi, was a pious man.