Understanding Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsAllergic Rhinitis
Definition:
Allergic rhinitis is
a disease
chronic inflammation
from the nasal mucosa mediated by antibodies
allergen-specific, with participation from
various cells, whose main symptoms
are triggered by exposure to
enlarge us, like rhinitis, obstruction
nasal, nasal itching and sneezing in saliva.
INTRODUCTION
It is the primary reason for consultation in Allergology in many countries.
including Mexico, and one of the top ten in care
primary. The global prevalence of allergic rhinitis has
increased in recent decades and is estimated between 10 and 25%.
It has a greater epidemiological impact on the child population.
Children with allergic rhinitis
they have a higher risk of
present asthma if not
they are treated properly,
this is prevented with the
application of immunotherapy.
Anatomy of the upper airway
The airway
superior includes
all those
structures of the
device
respiratory that
anatomically
are located by
above the level
of the trachea; the
nose, the pharynx and
the larynx.
During the passage of air through
from the upper airways
produce the warming of
that one, your humidification and the
filtering of the largest particles
caliber, Similarly, in that area
of the upper airways, the
inhaled particles are found
with the first barriers
inrnunitarias, provided by
the Waldeyer ring and the action
of lysozymes and immunoglobulins
of surface,
Upon reaching the cornets, the flow of
air becomes laminar and narrow
facilitating the deposit of
particles, the warming and the
air humidification
Upper airway allergy.
Exposure to the various
airborne allergens
can generate in the
Predisposed individuals
inflammation patterns
allergic in different places
of the respiratory tract
superior, which will be attended by
symptoms related to your
localization (like congestion
of mucous membranes and secretion
catarrhal, sneezes, itching or
itching, ear pain,
headache, etc.). Although the
the predominant picture tends to
to be the rhinitis, often this
is accompanied by laryngitis and
sinusitis.
How do medications work?
Antihistamines - block the mediators that
they inflame the nose (histamine) remove the symptoms of the
allergy.
Anti-inflammatories: cortisone derivatives with action
Currently, there are no absorbable and secure local options, they are very
effective against nasal congestion and obstruction.
Anti-leukotrienes - their initial use was in asthma but
they are also useful, they block leukotrienes that
they are chemical mediators that
they induce inflammation.
Medications indicated in the
treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Chlorpheniramine Diphenhydramine
Epinastine Fexofenadine
Loratadine Budesonide
Mometasone Oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine
Disodium Cromoglycate Olopatadine
Causes
When a person
with allergic rhinitis
inhale youallergenthe
body releases
chemicals, including
histamine, which
causes symptoms of
allergy.
Hay fever consists of areaction
allergicto pollen. A similar reaction occurs
with mold allergy, animal dander, the
dust and other allergens that you inhale.
Examples of plants that cause fever
of hay cover:
● Trees
● Pastures
● Ambrosia
Some disorders may be linked to the
allergies, such as theeczemaand theasthma.
Allergies are often hereditary.
Symptoms
After coming into contact with the substance
to which you are allergic can be:
Itching in the nose, mouth, eyes,
throat, the skin or in any area
Problems with smell
● Rhinorrhea
● Sneezes
● Tearful eyes
Forecast of allergic rhinitis.
In general, it is good if the patient adheres.
to the treatment and consult your doubts during the visit
with the specialist. You must ADHERE to the
preventive care, the use of medications
and comply with the immunotherapy scheme or
vaccination.
Subsequently, they cover:
Nasal congestion
Dust
Blocked ears and decreased sense of hearing
olfactory
Sore throat
Dark circles under the eyes
Swelling under the eyes
Fatigue and irritability
Headache
Tests and exams
Physical examination:
It may or may not present itself in a dramatic way, or pass.
inadvertent depending on whether there was recent exposure or
there is chronic exposure to the allergen
The main things that are observed are:
dark circles, bulbar conjunctival edema
The hard palate may show petechiae.
The nasal mucosa is typically observed to be inflamed, with a pale pink coloration.
with the presence of hyaline, eritematous secretion bridges
Between exposures, the patient may remain asymptomatic.
Children with chronic nasal disease
they can experience dysfunction
of the eustachian tube
pharyngeal-tympanic) due to probable edema and
inflammation in the tubal orifice
It is common to see tympanic membranes
Opaque, with poor movement to the
air insufflation, with presence of
liquid and
changes in your tympanogram. It may
also observe the presence of
sinusitis concomitant with rhinitis
allergic.
Treatment
Nasal wash can
help to eliminate the
mucus from the nose.
Saline solution.
Antihistamines
They are used when the symptoms do not occur.
very often or do not last long.
● Many taken orally.
● The older ones can cause drowsiness. They can
affect a child's learning and make it
unsafe to drive or operate machinery.
● The newest ones cause little or no drowsiness and,
Generally, they do not interfere with learning.
● Nasal sprays work well for treating the
allergic rhinitis.
Corticosteroids
Aerosols are the most common treatment.
cash.
They work better when used in a manner
continue.
There are many brands available, but
needs a prescription from the doctor for
buy them.
Aerosol corticosteroids are safe.
for children and adults.
Decongestants
● They can help reduce
symptoms such as the
nasal congestion.
● Do not use them for more than
3 days.
Other treatments
The leukotriene inhibitor Singulair is a
over-the-counter medication
recipe approved to help control the
asthma and to help relieve the symptoms of
seasonal allergies.
Allergic vaccines
This therapy includes regular injections of
allergen. Each dose is slightly greater than
the previous one. Allergy vaccines
can help the body adjust to the
substance that is causing the reaction
(antigen).
Forecast
Some people (especially children)
they can overcome an allergy as
the immune system becomes less sensitive
to the allergen. However, once an
substance causes allergies, this usually
it continues to affect the person a lot
time.
When do you contact a doctor?
● Presents a severe allergy or
hay fever symptoms.
● The treatment that used to be
cash no longer serves any purpose
effect.
● The symptoms do not respond to
treatment.
Prevention
During the pollen season, the
people who have hay fever
they must remain in spaces
interiors with air conditioning if it is
possible
● Most of the trees
They produce pollen in the spring.
● Grass normally produces
pollen at the end of spring and
during the summer.
● The ambrosia and other plants of
late flowering produces
pollen at the end of summer and
principles of autumn.
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
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