Welding Questionnaire

[Link] the following codes according to:

a) Códigos de diseño; b) Código de fabricación; c) Código de calificación de procedimientos y

welders:
yASME IX Code
yAPI1104 code
yStructural Welding Code AWS D1.1

2. What is the difference between: a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS or

WPS) and a Procedure Qualification Record (PQR or RCP)
One is used in production, and the other for qualification;
One needs mechanical tests and the other does not;
c) both a and b

3. What are the four basic welding positions? What is the purpose of determining them?
same.

4. In what position is the tube that rolls horizontally during welding?

a] 2G.b]1G.c] 6G.d] 5G.e] 5F
5. The 6G pipe welding position is a combination of:
a) The flat and horizontal positions.
b) The horizontal and vertical positions.
c) All welding positions.

6.a) Perform the corresponding symbols for the following welding sketches, according to the
ANSI/AWS A2.4-93 Standard:

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 WELDING QUESTIONNAIRE

7. What function does the coating of the electrodes serve in welding? Indicate the
function of iron powder. Give examples of electrodes.
8. Which of the following characteristics depend on the type of electrode coating?
a] Penetration.
Joint design.
Shape of the obtained cord.
Welding position for which it is suitable.
Type of current in which it operates correctly.

9. What is the reason for drying coated electrodes? Give examples in which they are used.
specify and indicate recommended temperature and time.
10. Describe the role of the electrode coating or flux in shielded welding
por escoria y mencionar algunos procesos de estas características.
11. Examples of coated electrodes that have high penetration and their respective
specifications according to AWS.
12. Select possible coated electrodes to weld a 3 mm thick sheet
low carbon steel.
[Link] a coated electrode for welding ASTM A 36 steel (carbon steel for
structural uses.
14. Select a coated electrode to weld SAE4140 steel.
15. Select a coated electrode to weld a C-Mn steel. The deposited metal
it should have a yield strength of approximately 520N/mm2 and be resistant to
cold cracking. It will be used with a direct current (DC) intensity of 150 amps.
[Link] a coated electrode for welding a heat-resistant steel used in the
chemical industries (Cr/Mo).
17. What is the blow or deviation of the arch? How could it be avoided?
What parameters and welding conditions would you modify to increase the heat?
contributed?.b] In most fusion welding processes, the speed of
Welding is independent of the input energy. Which of the processes is a
exception to the above? Explain why.
19. It has been indicated that the cooling rate is higher in the GMAW process than in the
SMAW and that there is a higher probability of cracks occurring in the HAZ in the steels
templates. What is the main reason for the cooling rate of the metal?
Is the welding greater in GMAW than in SMAW?
20.a] Why is CO2 not recommended as a shielding gas in the welding of steels?
stainless? b] Provide the conditions and characteristics of the different types of
transfers in the GMAW process?
21. In the GMAW process, the welding current is regulated by:
a) The diameter of the wire.
b) The power supply
c) The speed of the wire.
d) Gas flow.

22. According to the AWS A5.20 Standard which specifies the requirements that must be met
the tubular electrodes for welding carbon steels are classified according to (which or
which of the following items):
They are used with gas protection or without it.
They are used in one or multiple passes.
The welding positions for which they are suitable.
The mechanical properties of pure filler metal.
They are used in DC (+) or DC (-).

23. What is the transition current in the GMAW process?

24. Why is alternating current used for welding aluminum and its alloys?
25. Why is Tungsten used in the GTAW process?
26. When would you use the GTAW process with filler and when without filler?

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 WELDING QUESTIONNAIRE

27. What type of tungsten electrode corresponds to an orange color at the tip? What is the
current and nozzle diameter recommended for an electrode of 3.2mm in diameter
used in DCEN and DCEP?
28. Why is the SAW welding process not suitable for all welding positions?
29. Calculate the Basicity Index ƠIBơ of the following types of FLUX?

[Link] the following table

31. Why must the gas used in a GTAW process be inert?

32. In the GTAW process, is it possible to strike the arc without using high frequency?
33. In a GMAW process, an excessively long free wire extension, what
What inconveniences would it present?
34. What is the difference between the GMAW process and FCAW?
35. Does a semi-automatic welding process require greater skill from the welder?
36. What are the operational variables managed by the welder in a manual process?
37. What are the operational variables that the welder manages in a process?
semi-automatic?
38. Is the height or thickness of the flux layer important in the SAW process?
39. A misaligned electrode, how can it affect the welding?
[Link] the cross-section of a single-pass welding bead.
a plate (bead-on-plate) and indicate: a) The area of the molten base metal., b) The area of the zone
affected by heat., c] The area of the weld bead.
41. Calculate the Heat Input and the Net Energy Supplied of a
Welding carried out with the following parameters: V = 24volts, I = 150amp, v = 3
mm/s.
a) With an SMAW process.
b) With a SAW process.
c) With a GTAW process.
42. Calculate the cross-sectional area of a weld bead made in a steel with a
SMAW process with the following parameters:
V = 30volts.I =100amp.v = 3 mm/seg.
Q = 10J/mm3. (Theoretical heat required to melt a material)
L0.8 (Process Efficiency)V2 = 0.3 (Thermal performance)
43. The approximate chemical composition (Cr and Ni) of the welding wire is desired.
when a 9% Ni steel plate is welded with an electrode of composition

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 WELDING QUESTIONNAIRE

chemistry according to the manufacturer of 80% Ni and 20% Cr. The total dilution percentage is
40%.
In shielded electrode welding, the final properties of the weld metal are
are obtained only from the: a) 2nd pass. b) 3rd pass. c) 4th pass. d) 5th pass.
AISI 308 stainless steel filler metal is used to weld stainless steel.
AISI 310. What is the primary solidification phase, if the dilution ratio is
approximately 60%?
[Link]
[Link]
46. Determine the DILUTION percentage of the welded joints in the following figure.
[Link] (See technical info, welding metallurgy.)

47. What is meant by Weldability? Analyze the examples on the website:

http:/[Link]/j32k/protected/band_3/[Link]
48. Define the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of a weld.
49. What does the cooling rate of the welded piece mean and what importance does it have?
the welding?
It is common to join steels whose mechanical properties differ significantly.
In those cases, referring to tensile strength. What is required in the joint?
a) Similar al más resistente.b) Promedio de ambas.
c) Similar or superior to at least resistant. d) There are no requirements.

51. Calculate the cooling time between 800 and 500ºC (t8/5) in a welding process.
performed with SMAW on steel with the following welding parameters:
V = 30volts I =180amp v = 3 mm/seg T0= 20ºCV=7,85 gr/cm3
c = 0.56 J/gºC Joint at V d = 1cmP 0.35 J/s°Ccm
[Link] as Exercise 51, but with d = 3 cm.
[Link] as Exercise 51, using preheating T0= 300ºC.
[Link] as Exercise 51, using preheating T0= 300ºC.
55. Determine the preheating temperature (Tp):

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 WELDING QUESTIONNAIRE

56. When welding high manganese steels (12-14%) with an austenitic structure it is
it's advisable to preheat to a temperature of:
a)100ºC.b)160ºC.c) 300ºC.d)450ºC.f) Ambiente.
[Link] the susceptibility to hot cracking of a steel with the following composition
chemistry:
C =0,2%Mn =0,8%Si =0,27%S =0,07%Nb =0,06%
Cr =0,05%P =0,014%.

58. Evaluate the susceptibility to cracking due to stress relief or tempering of the following
steels
a] C =0,15%Mn =0,4%Si =0,3%S =0,010%Nb =0,05%Cr =1%P =0,030%
V =0,1%Cu =0,8%Mo =1,8%.
21/4 %Cr- 1 %Mo

[Link] the susceptibility to cold cracking of the following steels:

60. Indicate in each case the type of defect.

61. Sulfur is a harmful element in steels that threatens their integrity.

Weldings. If its value is excessive, what defect does it cause?
a) Cold cracking.
b) Hot cracking.
c) Lack of fusion.
d) Porosity.
e) Undermining.
f) Laminar tearing.

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 WELDING QUESTIONNAIRE

62. The fissures caused by Hydrogen (cold cracking or delayed cracking) occur
when it is verified which or which of the following conditions:
There is a sufficient amount of diffusible H.
There is a susceptible microstructure.
The piece remains below 100ºC.
There is a concentration of residual stresses.
63. Describe the most important reasons why a soldered component is in
general more exposed to rapid fracture than a similar component built or without
to use welding.
64. What effect does the presence of a volumetric discontinuity generally have?
porosity) on the mechanical properties of a welded joint
65. What effect does it generally have on the mechanical properties of a welded joint?
a carbon steel the presence of a lack of fusion?
66. Which of the two designs shown in the Figure is the most susceptible to tearing?
laminar?. Indicate the location where laminar tearing is most likely to occur.
to [Link]://[Link]/j32k/protected/band_3/[Link]

[Link] what service conditions is it especially important to control the height of the
welding reinforcement?
68. What risk do splashes represent?
69. What mechanisms cause the phenomenon of hot cracking?
70. Why are residual stresses generated during welding?
71. Why is it common to use a joint in asymmetric ƠXơ?
72. Why is it particularly done in the welding of aluminum alloys?
Is the distortion problem important?
73. Calculate the percentage of the elements in the chemical composition of the welding metal.
when AISI 316 stainless steel and a Cr-Mo alloy steel are joined with a metal of
ERNiCr-3 contribution. The following table indicates the percentages of the elements in the
chemical composition of base metals and filler metal and dilution.

74. Obtain the structure of a stainless steel with the following composition:
C =0,02%, Cr =18,5%, Ni =12%, Mo = 2,6%, Mn =1,8%, Si =0,8%, N =0,04%,
according to the Schaeffler, Delong, and WRC diagrams.

75. AISI 304 stainless steel with the following chemical composition:
Cr =18,1%, Ni = 8,49%, C =0,06%, Si =0,66%, Mn =1,76%, Mo =0,36%, S =
0.012%, P = 0.036% and N = 0.066%, it is welded with the GTAW process. The gas of
protection is Ar-2N2 and the N content of the welding metal is approximately

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 WELDING QUESTIONNAIRE

0.13%. The content of the other alloying elements is essentially that of the metal.
base.
a] Calculate the Ferrite number (FN) for the base metal and the filler metal
The welding metal exhibits a primary solidification phase ofK and the content of
Ferrite measured essentially indicates FN = 0. Is FN calculated for the welding metal?
coincident with the measured?
76. It is desired to weld AISI 430 stainless steel with another AISI 304, using the process
[Link]:
A) Electrode to be used
B) Structure of the weld bead with the selected filler material.
C) Structure without contribution, considering GTAW process.

77. It is desired to carry out the welding of a SAE4140 material with another of AISI stainless steel.
316L using the SMAW process. Determine:
[Link] without contribution.
[Link] that would be used.
c. Structure of the weld bead with the selected filler in b)