Thermochemistry Exercises and Solutions
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ScribdTranslationsThermochemistry Exercises and Solutions
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ScribdTranslationsSolved Exercises Thermochemistry
1. Explain in your own words the difference between the meanings of the terms heat,
thermal energy and temperature.
Solution:
Heat: It is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a certain quantity.
from one material to another at a given temperature.
Thermal energy: It is the energy associated with the random movement of atoms and
molecules. It can be calculated from temperature measurements.
Temperature: It is a property that determines if two systems are in thermal equilibrium.
oh no.
2. Explain if thermal energy is conserved.
Solution:
Thermal energy flows from a body that has a high temperature to another that has a
lower temperature. It also complies with the principle of conservation of energy.
3. Calculate the change in internal energy of a system in which reactions occur.
hydrogen and oxygen, considering that when the gases expand the system releases 1
150 J of heat and a work of 480 J is done on the environment.
Solution:
ΔE = q + w
ΔE = (- 1150 - 480) J
ΔE = -1630 J
4. Indicate the amount of thermal energy that needs to be removed from a sample of 451 g of
solid aluminum to reduce its temperature from 27.6 to 5.2 °C. The specific heat of
Aluminum is 0.90 J/g-°C and remains constant in this temperature range.
Solution:
R: 91 kJ
5.
a) Indicate whether the following changes are exothermic or endothermic:
Calcium carbonate3(s) → CO2(g) + CaO (s) ΔHr = + 178.3 kJ
Endothermic change
ii) H2(g) + Cl2(g) →2 HCl (g) + 184.62 kJ
Exothermic change
iii) NH3(g) + HCl (g) → NH4Cl (s) ΔHr =–176.0 kJ
Exothermic change
b) Formulate the equations for the reactions (i) and (iii), indicating the thermal energy as
a reagent or as a product.
i) CaCO3(s) + 178.3 kJ → CO2(g) + CaO (s)
iii) NH3(g) + HCl (g) → NH4Cl (s) + 176.0 kJ
c) Indicate if after carrying out the reaction (ii) the walls of the container will feel.
hot or cold. Explain your answer.
The walls of the container will be hot due to being an exothermic reaction.
d) Indicate what the enthalpy of reaction is for reaction (ii).
ΔHr = -92.31 kJ/mol
6. Calculate the amount of thermal energy that must be added to a sample of 63.43
g of solid iron to raise its temperature from 19.7 to 54.2 °C. The specific heat of iron
It is 0.45 J/g-°C and remains constant in this temperature range.
Solution:
q = 63.43 x 0.45 (54.2–19.7) J = 984.75 J = 9.8 x 102J
7. Calculate the amount of thermal energy that must be added to a sample of 7.92 g of
ethanol (CH3CH2to raise its temperature from 6.8 to 75.2 °C.
Solution:
Dato: SEthanol= 111.5 J/mol K = 2.424 J/g °C
q= 7.92 g * 2.424 (75.2–6.8)°C = 1313.15 J = 1.32 x 103J
8. a) Indicate whether the following equations represent exothermic reactions or
Endothermic:
4 Al (s) + 3 O2→ 2 Al2O3(s) + 3 351.4 kJ
Exothermic reaction
ii) CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g) ΔHr-99.5 kJ
Exothermic reaction
iii) 181.66 kJ + 2 HgO (s) → 2 Hg (s) + O2(g)
Endothermic reaction
b) Indicate what the enthalpy of reaction is for reaction (i).
ΔHr-3351.4 kJ
c) Restate the chemical equation for reaction (ii), indicating the thermal energy.
as a reactant or as a product.
CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g) + 99.5 kJ
d) Indicate which of the reactions will require prolonged heating to take place.
end.
The reaction (iii)
An aluminum pot with a mass of 276 g is accidentally heated to 218 °C, starting
from the ambient temperature, which is 22 °C. Calculate how many kilojoules were needed to
this change in temperature.
Solution:
Date: sAt = 0.9 J/g °C [Table 5.2 Brown Chemistry]
q = ms∆t = 276 g * 0.9 (218 - 22)°C = 48686.4 J
q = 49.0 kJ
10. a) Indicate whether the following equations represent exothermic reactions or
Endothermic:
i) 4 Al (s) + 3 O22 Al2O3(s) + 3 351.4 kJ
Exothermic reaction
ii) CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g) ΔHr -99.5 kJ
Exothermic reaction
iii) 181.66 kJ +2 HgO (s) → 2 Hg (s) + O2(g)
Endothermic reaction
b) Indicate what the enthalpy of reaction is for reaction (i).
ΔHr-3351.4 kJ
c) State the chemical equation for the reaction (ii) again, indicating the thermal energy.
as a reactant or as a product.
CH4(g) + Cl2(g) →2 CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g) + 99.5 kJ
d) Indicate which of the reactions will require prolonged heating to occur.
cape.
The reaction (iii)
11. Explain whether the following equations represent formation reactions,
combustion, of both, or are neither of formation nor of combustion.
a) MgO (s) + H2O (l) → Mg(OH)2(s)
It does not represent a formation or combustion reaction.
b) H2(g) + Br2(l) → 2 HBr (g)
It does not represent a formation or combustion reaction.
c) 2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2 (g) → 4 CO2(g) + 2 H2O (l)
Represents a combustion reaction
d) 2 HgO (s) → 2 Hg (l) + O2(g)
Represents a decomposition reaction
e) H2(g) + N2(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 HNO3(l)
Represents a formation reaction and a combustion reaction.