HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING

ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE

SUBJECT : Road Engineering

AUTHORS : TEJADA BRIOSO, NICOLAI ALVIN

TEACHER :RIVER WHALE PEDRO MANUEL

CYCLE :V

Pimentel, February 28, 2018

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 ROAD ENGINEERING

TEAM PERFORMANCE
Every machine must meet the fundamental conditions for which it was designed. Its
acquisition and selection must be a result of the study of needs we have;
In addition, it should rely on the experience of men who have worked on them.

The success or failure in the operation of the machines depends on the correct application they are given.
inside the work they have to perform. To obtain maximum performance from them, they must
to know their characteristics, as well as how to apply them, to know their capabilities, and of the
continues selection of factors that can influence machine performance - physical,
mechanical and human - is to take advantage of them at their highest performance. Likewise, and to
to achieve good performance, the equipment available must be adapted to the needs of the
work. The capacity or theoretical performance of any machine or equipment is affected by the
two following factors;

– Coefficient of effectiveness

– Utilization coefficient.

Efficiency coefficient.
The efficiency coefficient of machines is a function of several factors.

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d) The operator's fatigue.

From these factors, it follows that the operating time is never 60 minutes, but
varies between 50 and 40; hence the optimal efficiency coefficient will be:

50 minutes
C = o 0.83 60min

And the normal efficiency coefficient:

40 minutes
C= 0.66
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60 minutes

Utilization coefficient. This coefficient is a function of the working conditions and of the
work. The following table lists its values.

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 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Conditions of the Work Organization

work
Excellent Good Median Bad
Excellent 0.84 0.81 0.76 0.70
Hello 0.78 0.75 0.71 0.65
Medians 0.72 0.69 0.65 0.60
Bad 0.63 0.61 0.57 0.52
TABLE III.6.

The recorded values explain the performance differences and justify the definition of
equipment utilization coefficient.
This coefficient depends solely on the conditions of the work and the organization: it is
to say that it depends on the work, on who organizes it, on who monitors it, and on the maintenance of
team. As details, the following can be mentioned as determining points of this coefficient,
following:

Due to the working conditions

Nature of the land.
Condiciones del suelo y condiciones meteorológicas: terreno seco y drenado, terreno húmedo
and poorly drained, warm climate, cold, rain, winds.
Topography and size of the work, accessibility, transportation, difficulty of maneuvers, etc.
The forced work pace, due to having a minimum time imposed for the completion of the
work.

For the completion of the work

Staff experience and work management.
The selection, care, and maintenance of the equipment.
The conception, execution, direction, and coordination of all operations that
they affect performance.

Relation of coefficients. The following table lists the efficiency coefficients.

and the use of machinery.

Organization of the Work

Excellent Good Median Bad
Coefficient of
use of the
machine 0.83 0.66 0.83 0.66 0.83 0.66 0.83 0.66
Conditions
of the work:
Excellent 0.70 0.56 0.67 0.53 0.63 0.50 0.58 0.46
Hello 0.65 0.52 0.62 0.50 0.59 0.47 0.54 0.46
Medians 0.60 0.48 0.57 0.46 0.54 0.43 0.50 0.40
Bad 0.52 0.42 0.51 0.40 0.47 0.38 0.43 0.35
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 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

TABLE III.7.

As can be seen, the previous table provides performance values ranging from
0.35 to 0.70. Only the experience and knowledge of the conditions under which it must be carried out.
The work will allow us to locate the exact point of the job and the value of the coefficients.

EXAMPLES
To provide real data that serves the scholar, we take from our personal archive.
of works carried out, the following:
Construction with tractors and scrapers of an embankment with side borrow, on silty soil
sandy, with low clay content. The work was monitored with a time clock in the
same machines. Worked for 134 calendar days, 112
working days, two shifts of 12 hours with 20 effective hours. The times were deducted.
of equipment lubrication and staff meal times.

TABLE 50
Tractor T-D-24 T-D-24 D-8 D-8 T-D-18 D-7 D-7 D-7
Days
worked 112 67 112 73 78 112 106 48
Tractor hours
JANUARY
3rd. 39 26 23
Decade
FEBRUARY
1st. 131 105 158 160
Ten
2nd. 145 53 157 148
Decade
3rd. 127 86 107 47 146 137
Ten
MARCH
1st. 101 23 87 107 87 70
Decade
2nd. 140 65 117 140 123 152 79
Decade
3rd. 135 127 26 110 135 122 123
Decade
APRIL
1st. 80 112 45 92 105 116 63
Ten
2nd. 60 75 100 60 127 143 88
Decade
3rd. 98 115 129 32 117 105 125
Ten
MAY
1st. 110 75 111 80 107 92 111
Ten
2nd. 84 97 62 77 70 98 96 93
Ten days
3rd. 123 107 59 28 115 108 109
Ten
JUNE
1st. 6 5 76 102 52 83
Ten
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 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

2nd. 12 12 12 20 12 12 12 12
Ten
Sums 1183 808 880 973 799 1639 1388 621
Averages 10.6 12.1 7.9 13.3 10.3 14.6 13.1 12.9

General average of tractors 11.85 hours per day, with an efficiency of 0.5925%.

The tractors mentioned in the previous table used the following scrapers, whose volume in
capacity is:
Screener No. 1 of 27.5 yd3, with an average of 12.2 h/day. Screener No. 2 of 15.0 yd3, with
promedio de 8.5 h/día. Escrepa No. 3 de 18.0 yd3, con promedio de 12.9 h/día. Escrepa No. 4
of 13.5 yd3, with an average of 2.7 h/day. Scraper No. 5 of 11.0 yd3, with an average of 14.1
h/day. Scraper No. 6 of 11.0 yd3, with an average of 12.9 h/day.
What resulted in an average paid excavation volume, per cubic yard of capacity and per
effective working hour = 5.89 m3/yd3/hr.
In another paving job, which included scarification and repair of the existing surface.
with two new layers, one of conglomerate and another of crushed material, were obtained, during
one year of direct observation, the following results:

Motor Grader Bulldozers Tires

No. 1 No. 2 No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 1 No. 2
Average
h/day 8.85 7.75 6.5 6.3 6.75 6.5 6.2

The work was monitored based on shifts of 10 effective hours. As the information was obtained
of reports signed by the operator and the machine supervisor, it is presumed that they are
increased. Continuing to cite examples of practical cases obtained from experience, we
it would require an endless list and we would be going beyond the scope of this guide. We consider
sufficient examples cited; for with them we can measure the real efficiencies of the
machines that, as can be seen, are well below the assumed theoretical ones.
When these machines operate independently, without relying on others, the performance
The average of them can be known and thus an acceptable overall efficiency coefficient can be applied.
When establishing a paving process, the selected team to carry it out must work
in a synchronized manner and complementing each other.

For example: if a crushing process of rock material is considered for base or for
asphalt folder, tractors will be used for clearing, cleaning, and gaps, compressors for the
exploitation of the bank, loading equipment and transport equipment, as well as the crushing plant.
When one of the phases of the process fails, it is suspended, or the operations or the
working times; in any case, the performance is lower and the cost increases as happens
when it is necessary to store stone materials for supply in an orderly manner
continues the crushing plant; thus anticipating failures in the exploitation of the bank or the equipment
of transport.

From the crushed material, and for the construction of the asphalt pavement, a requirement is necessary.
mixing plant, trucks for hauling, oiler for league irrigation, spreader-
tuner and compaction machines for laying. If the oiling machine fails, the entire process
it stops, even though all the other machines are in perfect condition
work. Hence, it is necessary to monitor the equipment so that none of its parts delay the process
constructive.
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