Computing and Computer Science Overview
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ScribdTranslationsComputing and Computer Science Overview
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsPRIVATE UNIVERSITY OF TACNA
Professional School of Accounting and Financial Sciences
Course: Computer Science for Business Instructor: Eng. Walter Edison Alanya Flores
READING 01: COMPUTING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMPUTING.
The concept of 'Computing' refers to the scientific study developed on automated systems of
management of information, which is carried out through tools designed for this purpose. It is
this way, concepts such as PC, Technology, Internet, and Computer Science appear, which are interconnected.
the framework for information processing and mobility.
Computer Science represents a very deep area of analysis, which has its origins in
1920, when 'computing' referred to calculations made by the person themselves. Then, with the
the arrival of PCs, the history and meaning of this concept would expand to new horizons,
distinguishing the algorithms that are part of the development of the solutions.
In summary, 'computing' involves the commands and solutions dictated in a machine, encompassing the
analysis of the factors involved in this process, among which the languages appear
programming. In this way, tasks are automated, generating specific data in an organized manner.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMPUTING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE.
Computing refers to the scientific study that develops on automated systems.
management of information, which is carried out through tools designed for that purpose.
Computing refers to the technology itself that allows for the handling and mobility of information.
it refers to this science or knowledge and also to the theoretical foundations of information
what computers process, and the different implementations in the form of systems
computational.
Computer science is responsible for the automatic processing of information. This processing
automatic is the one that has ceded to computing the manipulation of large proportions of data and
the rapid execution of complex calculations. It also focuses on software treatments by
of users and other aspects related to programs, hardware, and computer structure.
In conclusion: Computer Science makes use of Computing.
THE COMPUTER.
The computer serves man as a valuable tool to carry out and simplify many of his tasks.
activities. It is an electronic device capable of interpreting and executing the programmed commands for
generally perform the functions of:
Input operations as a receiver of information.
Calculation, logic, and storage operations.
Currently, computers have more practical applications, because they serve not only to
Compute and calculate, if not to carry out multiple processes on the provided data, such as
classify or sort, select, correct and automate, among others, for these reasons in Europe its
the most common name is computer.
Output operations providing results of the preceding operations.
ADVANTAGES OF USING A COMPUTER.
Among them, we have the following:
He is very skilled at performing basic operations at a high speed.
It is a general-purpose machine, that is to say, it is specialized in carrying out countless tasks. If
we store a payroll program, it is capable of calculating its results; if we store in your
memory a satellite tracking program, is capable of directing a satellite to a point
determined, etc.
He/She never gets tired.
Page -1- Tacna 20 de Noviembre del 2011
PRIVATE UNIVERSITY OF TACNA
Professional School of Accounting and Financial Sciences
Course: Computer Science for Business Teacher: Eng. Walter Edison Alanya Flores
Never makes mistakes (mistakes arise from human errors that occur when the
programming.
PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPUTER.
HARDWARE.-The computer set and all the physical units that accompany it constitute what is
call hardware. In detail, the constituent elements of a computer are as follows:
Input device.- Allows information from outside to be entered into the computer for it to
processes.
Central Processing Unit (CPU).
It is the most important part of the computer, in it
they carry out all the information processes. The CPU is
structured by an integrated circuit called microprocessor,
which varies among different computer brands. The
The CPU is divided into two units:
Control Unit.- It is the element in charge of
direct all the tasks that others must perform
computers, thanks mainly to the fact that it has in
your MEMORY of an Operating System or a
Scheduled Application which indicates that you must
do at every moment.
Arithmetic-Logic Unit.-Is responsible for
perform arithmetic and logical calculations, at the request of
the control unit.
["Output Organ.- Its function is to present us with the"]
information resulting from the calculations and processes that has
control unit completed.
Main Memory
They are the devices through which data is stored. Data is deposited and remains in the memories.
a large amount of information is available, instructions that must be executed by the different
computer systems.
In the computer diagram, it is shown through the direction of the arrows that the
memories can emit or receive information. Among the main memories we can mention
following:
RAM (Random Access Memory) is the memory with which the user provides the
orders to access and program the computer. It is volatile, meaning the information
what is provided to it is lost when the computer is turned off. Its access is random,
this indicates that the data do not have a specific order, although they can be requested or
store indiscriminately.
ROM Memory (Read Only Memory).-In this memory, programs are stored.
They make the computer work and usually are recorded and protected from their
manufacturing. It is for exclusive reading, so it cannot be written on.
Auxiliary memories (secondary)
The auxiliary memory permanently holds the data that is part of the system.
automated by the computer in a manner contrary to the central memory that contains data and
temporary programs (volatile memory) useful for intermediate data required by the
computer for performing a specific calculation are found in the form of tapes, hard drives,
cassettes, magnetic tapes in cartridges or floppy disks, among others.
Input Devices. Output Devices.
Joystick Dot Matrix Printers, Inkjet and Laser
Mouse TV Coders
Page -2- Tacna 20 de Noviembre del 2011
PRIVATE UNIVERSITY OF TACNA
Professional School of Accounting and Financial Sciences
Course: Computer Science for Business Instructor: Eng. Walter Edison Alanya Flores
Scanner Copier with PC connection
Digital Board Plotters
Keyboard Monitors
Trackballs Multimedia Projectors
Digital Camera Speakers
Microphone Electronic Light Panels
Optical Pencil Video Printers.
Barcode reader, magnetic strip Slide Projectors
Biometric Reader
Storage Devices. Communication Devices.
Hard Drives Concentrators
Tape Backups Hubs
Disk Arrangement Routhers
Removable units Fax/Modem
CD-ROM Communications server
CD recorders Network Card
ROM, RAM memories IP Phones
DisKettes PCMCIA Cards (Data, Fax, Modem)
Superdisk (120 MB) iPhone, iPad
Portable Hard Drives
USB Flash Drives
Portable Zip Unit
DVD
DVD-Blueright
Safety Devices There are multifunction devices that represent the
Stabilizers possibility of concentrating up to 6 devices: Fax, Phone,
UPS online and Standby color printer, photocopier, scanner, PC/FAX.
Surge protector
Electronic fault diagnostic tool for PC
Automatic chargers
Transformers and DC Power Supplies
Orders of magnitude of information (data):
1 Bit (is the minimum storage unit, 0/1)
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte (a plain text file, 20 kb)
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (one mp3, 3 mb)
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (a movie in DivX, 1 gb)
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (800 movies, 1 tb)
1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte (the entire information of Google, between 1 and 2 petabytes)
1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte (Internet occupies between 100 and 300 Exabytes)
1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte (from here on, there are no real comparisons)
1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
1024 YottaBytes = 1 Brontobyte
1024 Brontobytes = 1 GeopByte
1024 GeopBytes = 1 Saganbyte
1024 Saganbytes = 1 Jotabyte