Optimization Chapter 1

Course notes and exercises

Mathematics CST5
Reiné-Marié College
2019-2020

Nom : ___________________________________
Grouped: _______
 COURSE NOTES

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 Draw a line on a graph

Some methods for drawing a line on the Cartesian plane prove to be more 'effective' than
others. The table of values allows for determining pairs that satisfy the equation, but this
is laborious. Two methods are more 'effective' for drawing a line in the plane and, according to
Given the form of the equation, one of these two methods is more appropriate.
A) Use the y-intercept and the rate of change in the Cartesian plane.
B) Use the coordinates at the origin.

A) Method "slope and y-intercept"

If the line is presented in the form y=mx+b So it is possible to exploit knowledge of the
pentem (rate of change) and the y-intercept.

REMINDER: The slope of a line

P(x
Let there be two points 1 and, 2y)
,1 y) 1P(x 2 2 belonging to a line D. The slope of D is given by:

∆y
a=
∆x

Or in a more general way,

disordered variation ∆ y
a= =
variation of the abscissas ∆ x

It is preferable to use the terms 'ordinates' and 'abscissa' since the variables
used in mathematics are not always and. y x

To draw a line, it is enough to:

1) Place a point at the y-intercept, namely b the point(0 , b ).
2) Place a second point based on the slope to m the right, that is to say by moving
horizontally of ∆x∆ y and vertically of
units units.
3) Repeat step 2, then connect the points to determine the line.

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Examples:
3x
y= −4
Draw the line 2
in the Cartesian plane here
against.

5 times −3x
y= +2 y= +10
2) Draw the line 3 . 3) Draw the line 4 .

4) Draw the line y =− x −8 . Draw the line y=2+x .

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We also remember the aspect of particular lines:
Tracery = -3. Tracerx= 2. 8): Tracery=x.

(right_________________) (right_________________) (direct variation)

equivalent to y = 0x - 3 equivalent to y = 1x + 0...

The equation of the y-axis is: _______________

The equation of the x-axis is: _______________

B) Method 'coordinates at the origin'

If the line is presented in the form Ax+ By=C (or any equivalent form) then it is possible
to exploit the knowledge of the coordinates at the origin, that is to say the abscissa at the origin and
the y-intercept.

It is known that the x-coordinate at the origin is the value of the x-coordinate when the y-coordinate is zero and that
The y-intercept is the value of the y-coordinate when the x-coordinate is zero.

To draw the line, it is enough to:

1) substitute the value zero for the abscissa to obtain the y-intercept;
2) substitute the value zero for the ordinate to obtain the x-intercept;
3) Place and connect the two points obtained on the plane to determine the line.

Examples:
Draw the line 2x +3y =24 .

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 2) Draw the line−4x+7y=56 .

3) Draw the line25x −15y =1500 .

Examples: Draw the lines representing the following different functions. Clearly identify them.
different lines in the Cartesian plane.

3 4x−6
y 1= x−5 2x+ y 2−3=0 y 3= x + y 4 =1
2 2

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 2. Find the equation of a line

To find the equation of a line from its representation in a Cartesian plane, one must:
Δy
( )
1- Find the rate of change Delta x

2- Find the y-intercept (or initial value) by reading the data on the Cartesian plane or
by solving algebraically from the coordinates of a known point.

Example: Find the equation of the following lines.

a)

b)

c)

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 3. Translate a situation into equations or inequalities

A) Translation into equation

To translate a situation into an equation with one or two variables and solve it, one must:
1- Identify the variable(s).
2- Establish the appropriate equation.
3- Solve the equation (graphically or algebraically) using the provided data.
4- Provide a complete response taking into account the context.

Examples: Translate each situation into an equation, then solve if applicable.

a) The double of a number decreased by 5 gives 8. What is this number?

Sylvie works as a saleswoman in a gift shop, she earns minimum wage.

Knowing that she received a gross pay of $828, how many hours did she work?

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 c) The end of summer involves preparing the pool for winter. Knowing that a pool
A container holding 10,000 gallons of water is emptying at a rate of 400 gallons every 12 minutes, determine
the time required, in hours, to completely dry the tank.

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 B) Translation of a situation by an inequality in one variable

An inequality is a statement that can be TRUE or FALSE. For example,

2<7 3+ 4 i s l e s4s >−13

t h a n o r 6–13≥−19
e q u a l t o 8 are inequalities____________;

5←1 3+5> 8 −9 ≥ −8 (−3)(1)≤−6 are inequalities____________.

Example: Complete the following table to make the inequalities true.

Inequalities Symbols of possible inequalities

6___3²

3.2___3.11

27___3³
-10___-
100
3 2
5 ___ 3

Si on introduit une variable dans une inégalité, ce n’est plus uneinégalité, mais uneinéquation.

Here are four inequalities:

x <5 y >2x - 6 m≤n 3 t −1≥−u

In short, an inequality contains:

at least one unknown data (variable) ;
one of the signs of inequalities: <, ≤, >, ≥.

To translate a situation into an inequality with one or two variables, one must:
1) identify the variable(s) in the given situation;
2) establish the algebraic expressions to compare;
3) write the inequality by choosing the appropriate inequality symbol

["smaller","lesser","less than","inferior to","..."]

less than or equal to, at most, at maximum, ...
["larger","greater than","is greater than","superior to"]

greater than or equal to, at least, at minimum, ...

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Example: The variable p represents the price (in $) of an orange juice. Translate each of the statements by
an inequality.

Three orange juices cost less than $4.

b) Three orange juices cost at least $4.

Four orange juices cost more than $5.

d) Four orange juices cost at most $5.

C) Reminder: Operations with inequality symbols

Property of addition and subtraction

The addition or subtraction of the same quantity to both sides of an inequality does not
do not change the meaning of the inequality symbol.

Property of multiplication or division by a positive number

Multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by the same number
positive non-zero does not change the meaning of the inequality symbol.

Property of multiplication or division by a negative number

Multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by the same number
A non-zero negative does not change the solution set, as long as we change the direction of the
inequality symbol.

y in the following inequalities.

Examples: Isolate the variable

a) 2y−3 ≤ 4 x +7 b) −3y−9>6x

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 ATTENTION !! One can write or read an inequality in both directions. For example, x > y.
means that x is greater than y, but also that y is smaller than x. So here, y < x.

Example: Solve the following inequality: 2x−7 ≤ 8 x −15

As we have just seen, solving an inequality consists of finding the set of values.
of a variable verifying this last one, in other words its solutions. Others will say that to solve
an inequality is finding which numbers can replace the variable(s) to
obtain a TRUE inequality.
The solution set of an inequality can be represented by real numbers. , des R¿
integer numbers orZ ¿natural numbers ( . N¿

Attention!!: When solving inequalities in context, it is necessary to consider the entire set of
reference before giving the answer.

Example: Solve the following inequalities.

a) 5(t–2)+ 1<8(t+1)-9

b) 2y −5 ≤ y + 1

c) 6x−30≥2( x−10)

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 It is also possible to solve a system of inequalities in one variable. To do this, simply
résoudre chaque inéquation du système, de représenter la solution sur une droite numérique, puis
to determine the solution set that simultaneously satisfies all the inequalities. This set
The solution is given by the intersection of the respective solutions of the inequalities.

Example: Solve the system of inequalities in one variable as follows:

By performing the appropriate operations, we find the solutions:

__________and__________respectively.
Let's represent these solutions on a number line:

Let's determine the solution set of the system by looking at the intersection of the two half-lines.
solutions, that is to say the interval over which the two rays are superimposed.

Here, we find the interval of real numbers____________.

A few special cases...

a) What would be the solution set of the following system of inequalities?

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b) What would be the solution set of the inequality2( x +1)≥2 x −4 ?

1
3 a +21≤ (9 a )
c) What would be the solution set of the inequality 3 ?

D) Translate a situation into an inequality with two variables.

Example: Translate the following statements into an inequality of 1erdegree in two variables.
a) The sum of two numbers does not exceed 5.

the double of 1erThe decreased number of the second number is greater than -3.

one third of 1erThe number increased by four times the second is at least equal to 5.

The difference between two numbers is less than -9.

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 4. Plot an inequality with two variables on a graph

When representing an equation on the Cartesian plane, one obtains a line. However,
when representing an inequality in the Cartesian plane, it is rather a region that we
obtains. This region is called 'half-plane'.

Solving an inequality in two variables means finding the pairs that satisfy this inequality.
that is to say ALL the couples that make the inequality TRUE.

Let's draw the line with the equation 2x− y=3 in the plan opposite.

What can we observe?

The graphical representation of a line divides the Cartesian plane into three regions:
1) the points ON the line (corresponding to the equality relation);
the points ABOVE the line;
3) the points BELOW the line.

The line that divides the Cartesian plane is called the boundary line. There are infinitely many pairs (x,y).
who satisfy the equation2x− y=3 The line illustrates this infinity of solutions in the plane.

But what couples then satisfy an inequality like 2x− y≤3 ?

To determine it, simply construct the line with the equation 2x− y=3 and wonder which of the
Half-plans obtained, the one above or below the line, is suitable. The technique to do so
reaching is very simple, as we will see.

To graph an inequality:
a) Draw the boundary line in the Cartesian plane using one of the two methods for drawing.
a line seen previously.
Attention!! Carefully observe the symbol used in the inequality. It informs you whether you should

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 use a dotted line or a solid line.
¿ and>¿ --------------------
< = e t > = ______________ (full trait)
b) Determine the half-plane solution of the inequality using the test point. If the point (0 , 0 )
does not belong to the border right, we use this point to facilitate calculations. If the point
(0 , 0 ) belongs to the border right, we use any point that is not part of the
right border.
If the inequality is TRUE, then the solution half-plane is the half-plane that includes the
chosen point test.
If the inequality is FALSE, then the solution half-plane is the half-plane that excludes the
chosen point-test.
c) Shade the half-plane solution that respects the test performed at step b).

Examples: Draw the half-plane representing the following inequalities.

a) y ≥−6x+2

b) 2x−3y>4

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Example: How many pairs satisfy the following inequality: x + y ≥ 1?6

Give at least five couples.

5. Find an inequality representing a half-plane

It is also necessary to be able to do the opposite process, that is to determine the inequality.
associated with a half-plane. Therefore, it will be necessary to be able to determine the equation of the boundary line.

and then choose the correct inequality sign according to the shaded region of the plane.

To find the inequality associated with a half-plane:

a) Find the rule that represents the boundary line of the half-plane.
b) Find the inequality sign associated with the half-plane.

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Examples: Find the inequalities associated with the half-planes below.
1)

2)

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 6. Systems of equations
A) The solutions of a system of equations

As soon as two first-degree relationships are simultaneously imposed on two variables, we

obtain a system of two first-degree equations with two variables.

According to the relative position of the lines in the plane, a system of first degree equations can
to admit none, one, or an infinite number of solutions.

If the lines are... So there is...

distinct (disjoint) parallels ____________________________________________

secants ____________________________________________

converging parallels ____________________________________________

B) Solving a system of equations

Solving a system of first-degree equations in two variables consists of determining

what values should be given to these variables to make all the equations of the system TRUE
simultaneously. To do this, there are two categories of methods: the graphical method and the
algebraic methods.

Graphical method
The graphical method simply consists of plotting each equation in the Cartesian plane.
system. The intersection point of the lines has coordinates that are the solution.
of the system. This method is very useful when the solution of the system belongs to the set
integers, butZmore laborious for solutions drawn from the set of rationals Q
R
or real numbers.

Algebraic methods

The various known algebraic methods are: elimination, comparison, and substitution.
Below is a brief reminder of the three methods. To be 'effective', it is important to choose the
"good" method, then once the resolution is completed, to check the obtained solution... The error
is human!

To solve a system of equations, there must be as many equations as there are variables in the system.
given situation.
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 The resolution method by COMPARISON is illustrated in the following example:

−2x+y=1¿ ¿
{

The substitution method is illustrated in the following example:

{3x+4y =−6¿ ¿¿¿

The solving method by REDUCTION is illustrated in the following example:

{2x+5y =−4¿¿¿¿

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Examples:

1. Graphically solve the following systems of equations.

a)

-3x; 4

b)

(2x;3

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2 Solve algebraically the following systems of equations using the method
which suits best.

a) f(x;2 b) c)

Method: Method: Method:

Calculations: Calculations: Calculations:

In one week, a clerk sells 40 bracelets for a total of $282.00. The bracelets
Unis sell for $4.95 and the multicolored ones for $7.95. Be sure to define the
variables used, translate this situation into a system of equations that would allow to
determine how many plain and multicolored bracelets the clerk sold in one
week.

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 7. Systems of Inequalities

A) Translation of a situation by a system of inequalities in two variables

Translating a situation into a system of inequalities with two variables is not more difficult than
translate a situation into an inequality with one variable. To do this, simply take back the
Steps to create an inequality (page 3) and to repeat the process several times.

Examples:

1. Translate the following statements into an inequality or a system of inequalities of the first [Link] at
two variables.
a. The participation fee for a winter camp is $20 for a member of
the organization and $30 for any other participant. We aim to collect a minimum of
10,000$ thanks to the participation of members and other participants. The camp can
welcome up to 125 people.

Adults and children attended a performance in a theater.

that could only hold 250 people. There were at least 2 times more children than
of adults.

c.
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 d. Laura and David have hockey cards. David has at most 3 times more.
cards than Laura. In total, they have more than 250 cards.

e. The maximum value of a portfolio made up of common stocks at $7 each and

The preferred shares at $11 each amount to $1,800. There are at least 200 shares.
ordinary shares more than preferred shares in the portfolio.

A DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) costs $12 and a Blu-ray disc costs $20. The budget
available is at most $400. We set a maximum of 15 disks. The number of
Blu-ray discs must be greater than or equal to double the number of DVDs. We will buy
at least 4 Blu-ray discs.

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 B) Graphical representation of a system of inequalities in two variables

2x− y≤3 If a second inequality

Let's take up the previously worked example, namely the inequality
impose a second condition on the variables, for example:
x + y >1
Then the Cartesian coordinates of the solution pairs must satisfy simultaneously.
the two inequalities. To determine this new portion of the plane, it is enough to draw the line
border x + y >1 and to identify its solution half-plane.

Let's illustrate the half-planes that are solutions to the inequalities of the
system following in the plan opposite.

{
2x− y ≤ 3
x + y >1

When there is more than one line represented in the same Cartesian plane, it is necessary
to identify each border line by clearly numbering it (or by using a color code).

The area of the plane that satisfies all the inequalities of the system corresponds to the intersection of
half-planes associated with each of the inequalities. By convention, this portion of the plane is
completely hatched (colored) to clearly delineate the entire solution set of the system.

When the solution set delimits a closed planar figure, we say that the solution set is
closed (or bounded). Furthermore, if the solution set is not bounded, it is said to be open.

As we have just seen, to graphically solve a system of inequalities at

two variables, it is necessary to:
1) determine the solution half-plane for each inequality;
2) identify the portion of the plan that simultaneously satisfies all the inequalities of the system, namely
the intersection of the half-planes;
3) appropriately hatching the entire solution.

Attention! Unlike a system of equations, a system of inequalities cannot be solved

graphically. However, a system of inequalities may or may not have solutions.

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Example: Solve the given system of inequalities.

8. Constraint Polygons

A) Characteristics of an optimization problem

SITUATIONAL SETTING:
The company "À la planche! Inc." manufactures two types of snowboards: slalom boards
and those of free style. It takes 6 hours to make a slalom board and 4 hours for that of
free style. The weekly production duration must not exceed 60 hours. Furthermore, for
to meet the demands of its clients, the company must produce between 2 and 7 slalom boards each
week and 3 to 8 freestyle boards.

What opportunities are available to the company?

In the majority of everyday situations, as in the example above, the solution of a

The problem must take into account all the constraints and this, all "at the same time". The
Conditions to be met (constraints) are mathematically expressed through inequalities.

A more careful analysis of a problem allows for identifying:

1) what it is about (the two variables);
2) the constraints to be respected (the system of inequalities);
3) the target objective and the function to optimize (optimization function).

In most real-world situations, the variables cannot be less than 0. We therefore add
In the system, two inequalities are called positivity constraints, namely x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.

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After reviewing the above scenario, complete the following table:

The company 'À la planche! Inc.'

The variables:
Let it be x:
y:

The constraints:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Here are some possibilities for the company: How many are there
of possibilities aq
total?
B) The constraint polygon

The graphical representation of a system of inequalities allows us to identify the intersection of half-
plans associated with each of the inequalities. This intersection forms a region bounded by a
polygone convexe appelépolygone de contraintes.

The constraint polygon can be said to be:

1) Closed (bounded): The superposition of the half-plane solutions gives a closed figure, called
narrow-minded.

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 2) Open (unbounded): The overlay of the solution half-planes gives a figure that
extends to infinity.

3) "Nonexistent" or "empty": The superposition of the half-plane solutions identifies none.

common region.

Is it possible for the solution set of a system of inequalities to be a polygon?

concave?

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 Since the constraint polygon delineates the set of all pairs that satisfy all the
constraints of a situation, it is extremely useful to know the coordinates of the points that
forming the plane figure. Each vertex of the constraint polygon is located at the intersection of
two boundary lines; therefore, it is enough to solve the system of equations to obtain
the Cartesian coordinates of this vertex of the polygon. Each vertex corresponds to a
different systems of equations. The algebraic (or graphical) resolution of systems of equations
will be repeated as many times as there are vertices in the constraint polygon.

In short, to establish the constraint polygon, we must:

1) clearly identify the__________________;

2) translate the constraints into a system of ________________, not forgetting the

constraints of____________________(if applicable);

3) represent the solution set of each inequality (with small ______________);

4) hatch the ________________________ of the half-plan solutions;

5) determine the coordinates of the ______________ of the constraint polygon by solving

the ________________ associated with these ______________.

Make sure to name all the vertices (A, B, C, ...) of the constraint polygon.

9. Constraints polygons

A) Advantageous solutions – The search for the optimal solution

SETTING:
For Easter, Macha wants to give at least 12 chocolates to her friends while respecting their tastes. She
knows that she will have to buy at least 2 white chocolates. Even though dark chocolate is more expensive, she
you need to buy at least 2 times more dark chocolates than white ones, but no more than 20 chocolates
White chocolate costs $2 and dark chocolate costs $4.

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The variables:
Soitx: number of white chocolates
y: name of dark chocolates

The constraints:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

The objective aimed by Macha:

How to assess the expense?

Objective table:
Contact details of Objective function Result
summits

Answer: For Easter, Macha must buy _____ white chocolates and _____ dark chocolates. The
the total cost will then be _________$.

Fundamental theorem of linear optimization:

The maximum or minimum of a linear function is found at the vertices of the polygon.
constraints.

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Example: A restaurateur offers his clients a five-course table d'hôte that costs $35 and a
table d’hôte with seven courses that costs $50. He sells at least twice as many tables.
of host five courses than host tables seven courses. It serves between 30 and 50 tables
guest each evening to achieve a maximum income of $1500. Represent
Graphically represent the constraint polygon that corresponds to this situation and identify it.
at the summits.

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 Objective function

In a range of possibilities, some solutions may be more advantageous than

others for a given situation.

According to the context, the most advantageous solution is the one that generates:
the lowest value, the MINIMUM;
the highest value, the MAXIMUM.

This minimum or maximum can be calculated with a rule translating the intended objective (the function
optimization, objective function or also, the rule of the objective are synonymous terms for
this rule). The objective rule generally takes the following form:
M = Ax+ By+C

The objective function is expressed by an equation; it is the quantity to be optimized.

In order to determine the optimal solution for a given situation, two methods are
available and valid:
1) method of the wandering line;
2) method of the objective table.

a) Table of the objective

Let’s consider the following scenario to illustrate how the objective table works.

SETTING THE SCENE:

A chemical fertilizer production company must fulfill an order of 120 kg or more.
of a mixture composed of two special ingredients Az and Pz. The mixture must contain at least 10
units of Az not exceeding 20 units, and at least 15 units of Pz not exceeding 24 units.
Each unit of Az weighs 3 kg and sells for $4, while each unit of Pz weighs 5 kg and sells for $6.
To satisfy its client, the company must produce this mixture at the best possible cost.

The variables:
Let it be x: number of units of Az
y: number of Pz units

The constraints:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

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The objective aimed by the company:

The objective function:

Table of the objective:

Coordinates of the peaks Objective function Result

Answer: To produce the mix at the best possible cost, the company must use ____
units of Az and ____ of Pz. The total cost will then be________$.

Following this example, we see that the objective table allows us to discover the optimal solution.
considering, in a comprehensive manner, all the vertices of the constraint polygon. This
The optimal solution therefore corresponds to the coordinates of the vertex satisfying the targeted objective (the goal
searched), either to minimize or to maximize.

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Problem 1: A hike on the St. Lawrence
In order to make his yacht profitable, Martin decides to offer tours on the St. Lawrence. He inquires about
regulations to which it must comply. Given the size of the yacht, the number of children has increased.
The double of the number of adults cannot exceed 140. To meet the demand, Martin estimates
that there will be at least 30 children on board. On the other hand, due to safety standards, the number
The number of adults must be at least equal to a third of the number of children. How many children and adults does Martin have?
Can he accept for a hike to maximize his income? Martin plans to charge a fee.
3$ per child and 10$ per adult?

The variables:
Let it be x: nombre d’enfants
y: number of adults

The constraints:
1) x ≥ 0
y ≥ 0
3)
4)
5)

The goal pursued by Martin:

The objective function:

The coordinates of the vertex that optimize the objective:

Réponse: Martin doit embarquer sur son yacht ____enfants et____adultes. Son revenu sera

alors de ________$.

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What would happen if Martin changed his rates: $5 per child and $10 per adult. Should he
to have the same number of children and adults for a hike?
Justify the answer by following a detailed process.

The variables:
Let it be x: nombre d’enfants
y: number of adults

The constraints:
1)x ≥ 0
2) y ≥ 0
3)
4)
5)

The objective aimed for by Martin:

The objective function:

The coordinates of the points that optimize the objective: ________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Response: Martin

____________________________________________________________________________.

His income will then be ________$.

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Problem 2: Chips attract cola

According to a study on eating habits, chips and cola are

inseparable. A convenience store offers a bag of chips at a very low price to attract customers. This price
is so low that he incurs a loss of $0.10 per bag. However, the sale of colas brings him
$0.50 each. In one day, he usually sells at least as many bags of chips as
sodas, at least 10 sodas and up to 40 bags of chips. But, in total, he does not sell more than 60.
these products. How many bags of chips and cokes should the convenience store owner
selling to maximize profit?

The variables:
Soitx: nombre de colas vendus
y: number of bags of chips sold

The constraints:
1) x ≥ 0
2)y ≥ 0
3)
4)
5)
6)

The objective aimed at by the owner:

The objective function:

The coordinates of the vertex that optimize the objective:

Response: The owner of the convenience store must sell daily____colas and____bags of
chips. The profit generated will then be ________$.

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 10. Optimization problems

All the tools acquired since the beginning of the chapter now allow for adequate resolution.
optimization problems.

It is known that solving an optimization problem means seeking a (set of) solution(s) that:
minimize(nt)
OU the optimization function
maximize(nt)

Furthermore, the solution to an optimization problem corresponds to either:

at the coordinates of one of the vertices
OU
at the coordinates of all the points forming a side of the constraint polygon

It simply remains to detail a method for solving an optimization problem:

1) read the problem carefully;

2) identify the variables with precision (indicating the units of measurement, if applicable);

3) determine the inequalities associated with the constraints of the problem (not forgetting the
positivity constraints;

4) write the objective function;

5) determine the objective: maximize or minimize

6) plot the constraint polygon;

METHOD OF THE OBJECTIVE TABLE: determine the coordinates of all the vertices
the constraint polygon
---OR---
SWEEPING LINE METHOD: determine, with the sweeping line, the
coordinates of the (or the) vertex(es) that optimize(s) the targeted objective;

8) TABLEAU DE L'OBJECTIF METHOD: calculate the value of the objective function for the
coordinates of each vertex of the polygon
---OR---
SWEEP LINE METHOD: calculate the value of the objective function for the
coordinates of a vertex that optimizes the objective;

9) provide a complete answer based on the intended goal.

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A structured approach facilitates problem-solving!

EXERCISES
Note: Some exercises are taken from the reproducibles of Vision CST5or Point of Aim CST5.

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1. The variablex represents the perimeter (in cm) of a triangle. Translate each of the statements by a
inequality.

The perimeter of a triangle measures more than 10 cm.

b) The perimeter of a triangle measures at most 10 cm.

c) The semi-perimeter of a triangle measures less than 5 cm.

d) The semi-perimeter of a triangle measures at least 5 cm.

2. We refer to the empty weight (in kg) of a van.

following by an inequality.

a) Two vans, loaded with 500 kg each, weigh at least 7,000 kg.

b) Two vans, loaded with 500 kg each, weigh less than 7,000 kg.

c) Three vans, each loaded with 600 kg, weigh more than 9,000 kg.

d) Three vans, loaded with 600 kg each, weigh at most 9,000 kg.

[Link] la variable et traduis chacun des énoncés suivants par une inéquation.

a) In a restaurant, the maximum capacity allowed is 65 people.

A book contains at least 500 exercises.

c) A pack contains fewer than 100 envelopes.

A sum of money is invested at an annual interest rate of 11%. After one year, the interest
the report will not exceed $170.

4. In each of the following cases, translate the statement into an inequality.

is x at most 5.

−5
is x less than .
2

3
is x at least.
2

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 d) xis worth more thanx b-3
e )l o n(with
gs to Z
5. Translate the following statements into an inequality of the 1st [Link].
The length of a rectangle is at least 5 cm.

b) Le nombre minimalnd’enfants par famille est de 2.

c) The number of students present at school between 7 AM and 8 AM is greater than 1,800.

d) The speed of a vehicle is less than 100 km/h.

[Link] the following problems using an inequality.

a) What are the four largest consecutive odd integers whose sum is smaller
what 105?

b) The length of a rectangle is equal to 2 times its width. If the perimeter does not exceed 1,200
cm, what is the maximum possible width?

c) Find the three largest consecutive even integers whose sum is less than 61.

−3
d) Find the smallest integer such that the product of this integer
be less
and than 22.
7

e) Find the smallest positive integer such that subtracting 5 from the result obtained by multiplying this
number by 4, we obtain a result greater than 8.

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 7. Two inequalities are equivalent when they have the same solution set. Indicate in
Each of the following cases if the inequalities are equivalent.

a) x-5≤1 etx ≤ 6

b) x+2≤3 etx ≤ 5

c) 2x 10 etx ≤ 5

d) -3x ≤ 15 etx≥ 5

So be ita , b e t cthree [Link] with the appropriate

≤ or≥ symbol.
if a i s g r e a t e
so r t h aa+
n c
o r e q u a l t
b+o b
c

b) Yesa i s g r e a tso
e r t h aa−c
n o r e q u a l tb−c
o b

g s c)i 1. If a and so a×c b×c

g s i 2. If a and so a×c b×c

a b
g s if i a and so
c c
a b
g s i 2. Yesa and so
c c

9. Solve the following inequalities.

a) 3x+ 10 is less than or equal to 19 c) 7x+2≥−19

b) 1−2x>5 d) 18>−6x+36

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[Link] the following inequalities.

a) 4x + 2 ≤ 5x + 3 b) 4(3x + 1) ≥ 2(5x + 3) - 4x

(4 - x) - 2(3x - 1) ≥ 4(x - 3) d) f(x + 7;5 −¿ f(x - 8; 3 4 + (2x –

8:15

[Link] the following inequalities.

a) b) −2x+ 8 ≤ x+4

c) 2 ( 2 x +3) < 4 ( x−1 ) d) 2x ≥ x

e) x +1> x−1 −3 x +1
f) >−1
2

x+2
g) +1> x
4

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Chapter 1 - Optimization [Link]
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[Link] the following inequalities.

a) 5 ( x−2 ) >3x+1 c) − ( 6x+ 2 is) greater than or equal to 16−3x

b) −2 . 5 ( 8+ x )← x +3( 1 . 5 x −4 ) d) ( x +3) ( x−2>(x

) +8)(x +1)

13. Translate each of the following statements into an inequality.

a) Let: xlength of the rectangle in meters and: y width of the rectangle in meters;
The difference between the length and the width of a rectangle is less than 3 meters.
ii. The difference between the length and the width of a rectangle is more than 3 meters.
iii. The difference between the length and the width of a rectangle is at most 3 meters.
iv. The difference between the length and the width of a rectangle is at least 3 meters.

i. ii. iii. iv.

b) Let: r number of hours to sew a dress and: numberc of hours to sew a

blouse
i. To sew two dresses and three blouses, a seamstress must work more than ten.
hours.
To sew two dresses and three blouses, a seamstress must work less than ten.
hours.
iii. To sew two dresses and three blouses, a seamstress must work a maximum of ten.
hours.
iv. To sew two dresses and three blouses, a seamstress must work at least ten.
hours.

i. ii. iii. iv.

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 c) Let: mlength of the rectangle in meters cand: width of the rectangle in meters;
The area of a rectangular plot is at most 1,200 m².
The area of a rectangular plot is at least 1,200 m².
iii. The area of a rectangular plot is strictly greater than 1,200 m².
iv. The area of a rectangular plot is strictly less than 1,200 m².

i. ii. iii. iv.

14. Jacinthe, Nadine, and Jeff all have summer jobs. Jacinthe is doing secretarial work for $12.
The time with her mother. Nadine looks after her neighbor's children. She is paid $9.50.
the hour. Jeff works for a lawn care company at $11/hour.

Six represents the number of hours during which Jacinthe worked, as well as those of Nadine.
those of Jeff, translate each of the following situations into an inequality.

Jacinthe worked less than 10 hours this week.

b) Nadine took care of the children for at most 20 hours.

c) Jeff worked a maximum of 25 hours this week.

Next week, Jacinthe will work at least 30 hours.
e) The number of hours that Jeff worked does not exceed half the number of hours that Nadine worked.
kept.
f) Nadine will earn at least $120 next week.
g) Jeff won more than $130.
h) Jacinthe will earn up to $224 per week.
Last week, Jacinthe's salary exceeded twice Nadine's salary.

Together, Nadine and Jeff earned less than $425.

15. More exercises !!! Translate the following situations into an inequality with one or two variables.

The number of passengers on flight 524 is not more than 250.

b) The speed of a vehicle is less than 100 km/h.

c) The sum of two numbers does not exceed 5.

The double of a number x decreased by a number y is greater than -3.

e) A number diminished by 25% and increased by quadruple a number y is at least equal to 15.

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a number at least 9 units greater than a number.

Adults and children attended a performance in a theater that could not

hold only 250 people.

h) The participation fee for a winter camp is $200 for a member of the organization and
300$ for any other participant. We expect to gather a minimum of 10,000$ through this.
members and other participants.

i) Laura has hockey sticks and David has some too. Laura has at least 4 times more than.
cards than David.

j) The maximum value of a portfolio consisting of common stocks at $3 each and shares
privileged at $9 each is $1800.

k) An audio CD costs $22 and an album (in mp3 format) is available on the internet for $5.
peut acheterxCD audio etyalbums au formatmp3avec 300$.

A truck can carry no more than 9000kg. It transports bags of 100kg of flour and bags.
70 kg of sugar.

m) Nathalie works X hours a day and Patricia works Y hours. Nathalie works at least twice.
more hours per day than Patricia.

n) Xaviera has robes and Yolanda has them. Yolanda has at most three times more than
robes that Xaviera.

The daily production of the company Bat-Hock-Ski is hockey sticks and pairs.
From skis by machine. One machine produces a hockey stick in 2 minutes and a ski in 3.
minutes. The machine operates 8 hours a day.

p represents the number of computers sold and y, the number of printers sold in a
store. We sell at least twice as many printers as computers.

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16. Represent the following lines in the Cartesian plane.

1. y = -3x + 1

2. y= - (2;5 x - 2

3. 2x - 3y = 6
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4. 4y+x= 20

Important note...

To draw a line based on the rate of change, one can afford to "count some
tiles » only if both axes are graduated in the same way. Otherwise, it is necessary to rely on
on the units given on each axis to construct the graph!
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 4 3
5. x+
y= 3 2

1
6. x+3y=6
2

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17. Represent in a Cartesian plane the solution set of the following inequalities:

a) 4x + 5y ≤ 10 b) 2y > 2 + x

c)y<x-2 d)y≥x

e)x+y> 0 f)x ≥ 2

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g) 3x - 2y - 6 ≤ 0 h)y< 2

i) 2x + y > 4 j)

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18. Solve the following systems of equations.

a)
{ y=−5x +2¿¿¿¿ b)
{ y=− x¿¿¿¿ c)
{ y=2x +26¿¿¿¿ d)
{x=2y +5¿¿¿¿

{
1 1
e)
{ y=−2x +1¿¿¿¿ f)
y= x− ¿ ¿¿¿
2 4 g)
{2x=2y−16¿¿¿¿ h)
{x=− y +20¿¿¿¿

{
1

−x+y=12¿ ¿
i)
{ y=− x+ 4¿¿¿¿ x= y−1¿¿¿¿
7 k)
{ y=−2x−5¿¿¿¿ l)
j)
{

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 { {
1 1
m)
{2x+y=−5¿¿¿¿ n)
{x−2=2y¿¿¿¿ o)
y=− x+5¿¿¿¿
2 p)
2
x−y=6¿¿¿¿

{
1

−2x+4y=24¿ ¿
i)
{3x+y=12¿¿¿¿ 2
x+2y=1¿¿¿¿
s)
{3(y −2)=4x¿¿¿¿ t)
r)
{

[Link] represent the lines defined by the following equations.

a) y = 2x + 3 b)y – 7 = 0, Tx c) 3y - 18 = -Tx

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 Document created by Meggie Blanchete Chapter 1 - Optimization
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[Link] the solution set of the following inequalities.

a) y ≤ -2x + 12 b) 36 > 3y + 2x c) 24x < 4T - Ty

21. In each case, determine the inequality associated with the solution set represented.

a) b)

22. Translate the following statements into an inequality with two variables and describe what it represents.
each of the variables.

a) A food contains at least three times more milligrams of lipids than carbohydrates per
portion.

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 Cédric and his sister took a total of no less than 12 hours to do their homework this week.

c) John has two jobs; one with an hourly wage of $12.50 and the other at $9.75. This
week, he expects to have an income of up to $246.

23. An elevator starts descending at a speed of 0.75 m/s from a height of 23 m.

At the same time, a second elevator starts to ascend at a speed of 0.5 m/s from
at a height of 2 m. At what height do the two elevators meet?

a) Identify the two variables.

b) Translate the situation into a system of equations.

c) Find the solution.

24. At the restaurant La bonne fourchette, you can set up tables for two people (x) or
tables for four people (y). Translate each of the following situations into a system of
two inequalities in two variables.
To serve at least 90 customers at the same time, more than 30 tables would need to be set up.

A minimum of 35 tables would allow serving up to 120 customers at the same time.

c) The number of clients at noon cannot exceed 110 if there are fewer than 26 tables.

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 d) If the number of 4-seater tables exceeds twice the number of 2-seater tables, at
fewer than 150 customers will be served at the same time.

e) It is impossible to install more than 25 tables in this restaurant where at least 75 customers are.
expected at 7 PM.

25. Solve the given systems of inequalities.

a)

b)

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c)

d)

e)

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f)

26. Find the system of inequalities representing the situation and solve it.

the length of a rectangle is

greater than its width. Its perimeter
is less than 24 cm.

At the end-of-year ball, there will be at least

twice as many students as others
participants in a room able
to contain a maximum of 1000
people.

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27. What would be the reference frameworkR
Z
ND
(,, appropriate to each of the situations of number
previous. Justify your answer.

a) b)

[Link] the rule that allows you to calculate, depending on the situation, the minimum or maximum sought.
Indicate whether we should maximize or minimize this function.

Marc-Antoine is doing word processing on his computer. He calculated that a

a page of text only required 30 minutes of work and that a page of text with
Graphic design required an hour of work. He has a maximum of 12 hours a week to dedicate to
this activity. However, he observed that the number of pages of text with graphics does not
never exceeds 10 pages per week, and that the number of text pages only is
never more than three times the number of pages of text with graphics. It costs $2.50
for a text page only and $4 for a text page with graphics. He is looking for
the maximum profit.

b) Marita and François want to take a vacation. They want to rest for at least 15 days. They
it was calculated that a day of vacation spent in Quebec costs on average $80 and that a
A day spent in the United States costs $150. However, they want to go at least twice.
more time in the United States than in Quebec, but their residence permit in the United States
granted a maximum of 10 days. In addition, they paid a travel insurance package of $160. They
looking for the least expensive vacations possible that meet these constraints.

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29. Solve the following problems. (preferably do this on graph paper...)

a machining workshop produces propellers and gear systems intended for manufacturing
of boats. It takes 2 hours to produce a propeller and 3 hours for a gear system. A
regulation regarding noise pollution limits the operation of machines to 98 hours per
week. The volume of the space reserved for storage is 200 m3The box containing a
the propeller occupies an area of 1 m3and the box containing a gear system requires a
space of 3 m3A market study concludes that the workshop must produce at least 2 times more
of propellers than of gear systems. By selling a propeller for $800 and a system
of gears $3000, we are looking for the maximum income. How many propellers and systems
How many gears should we sell and what is the maximum revenue?

At your service, captain!

Isabelle is a navigation technician and hopes to become a ship captain. During an internship
paid for a duration of one month, she must work on a catamaran and on a sailboat. The number
Working hours per month on the catamaran are higher (by up to 40 hours) than the number of hours
work on the sailboat. Isabelle must work 20 to 40 hours per month on the sailboat. The internship has a
durée totale de 60 h à 100 h. Sur le catamaran, Isabelle est payée 4$/h et sur le voilier, 7$/h.
How should Isabelle allocate her time if she wants to maximize her income from her
stage ?

c) Make your money work

Alain, a roulette enthusiast at the casino, has developed a gaming technique that he qualifies
infallible. He places a token on a certain number of black squares and red squares.
The difference between the number of red squares chosen and half the number of black squares.
chosen must not exceed 4, while the difference between the number of black squares and the
the sixth of the number of red squares must not exceed 3. If the total of the chosen squares is
greater than 1 and he bets $10 on each black case and $5 on each red case, how much will Alain have bet?
at most?

d) To make a cross-country skiing excursion, it is necessary to rent buses. The buses of model A and
Model B is available. Model A carries 20 passengers and Model B carries 12 passengers.
The number of available model A does not exceed 5 and that of model B does not exceed 10.
The manager wants to know how much it will cost him at a minimum according to these conditions.
Knowing that the rental of model A costs $200 per unit and the rental of model B costs $100 per unit.
In addition, the manager must transport at least 240 people.

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Review summary exercises
( x,where
30. Let the following system of inequalities be associated with an optimization situation y ∈ N) .

x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, 2 x + y ≥ , 3 0 x + y ≤, 9 0 x, ≥ 10y is greater than or equal to 2x

What are the values of y that solve this system given that x=22 ?

31. Let the following region be the solution (x and y are real numbers).
a) Determine the system of inequalities forming this constraint polygon.

System of inequalities

d 1:

d 2:

d 3:

b) Algebrically determine the exact coordinates of the vertices A, B, and C.

3x
c) We add the following constraint to the system: y ≤− +7 What would be the solution couple?
2
Z=36x+ 12y ?
who would then maximize the function

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32. So the function T =4x+5y−24 .
a) What is the rate of change of the associated curve for this function?

b) What expression represents the y-intercept of the wandering line associated with this
function?

c) A convex constraint polygon is formed by the following 5 vertices:

A( 5 , 2 2 0) ; B ( 45,200 ) ; C ( 85,168 ) ; D ( 109,138 ) E(40,40)
;
Give the maximum of the function T and say which couple(s) maximize T.

The couple (15, 40) maximizes an objective function of the form P= Ax+ By The maximum value of
P is 735. The minimum value of P is 120 and is obtained by the pair (5, 5). Give the rule.
complete this function.

34. We present the function to optimize W=1 . 2 5 x + y +10 and a constraint polygon whose
the peaks have coordinates: A(54.65) B(34.49)
; C (58,19)
; D(78.35)
; . How many
Do integer coordinate pairs minimize this function? List them.

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35. True or false? Justify your answer.
a) The vertex minimizing the objective rule is always the one that generates the ordinate at
the origin of the highest wandering right.

b) If an optimization situation is illustrated by an open polygon, the situation cannot be

optimized.

36. Translate the following situations algebraically:

During a basketball game, Josée made at least 3 times more 2-point baskets.
what about 3-point baskets. She could not beat her record of 54 points.

b) During an Indy Formula Grand Prix, the recorded pit stop times are
between 7.18 s and 41.34 s.

c) The perimeter of a plot of land is at most 182 cm. The length measures 6 cm more than the...
width.

[Link] the following inequalities.

5 x −2
a) 3x−4 ≥ 4x+12 b) < x +4
2

So be it the rule C=15x+ 9y corresponding to the purchase cost of two products and
A(2.10), B(4 . 8 ) ,
C (2 . 5 ; 5 ) andD(1 . 5 ) the vertices of the constraint polygon.
a) Represent the constraints polygon in a Cartesian plane.

Which couple generates the minimum cost?

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In a constraint polygon, the vertices have been identified: A( 0 . 1 ), B (1 . 5 ) , C ( 5 . 3 ) and
D ( 5 . 2 ).
Determine all pairs of integer coordinates that maximize the objective function represented
by R=4x+8y .

40. During a fundraising dinner, tables are set up where 8 people can sit and tables
where only 4 people can sit. Taking into account municipal standards, of
necessary staff for the service and the area occupied by these tables, Gilberte establishes
a system of constraints. Gilberte sells a table for 8 people for $150 and a table for 4
people $80.
What is Gilberte's goal?

b) What is the objective rule if x represents the number of tables for 8 people and y the
nombre le table pour 4 personnes?

41. Algebraically determine the coordinates of the vertices of the determined constraint polygon.
by the following inequalities:

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42. In the Deer Park, Ludovic invented a device that allows to find the area traveled by a
roe deer in a day by translating the animal's movements into inequalities. In a plane,
Shade the region formed by these inequalities, and then also provide the vertices of the path.
traveled.

Érika received a fish tank for her birthday. She now wants to put fish in it.
To do this, she goes to a store specialized in tropical fish. After careful consideration,
she focuses her choice on two species in particular: angel fish and fish
bees. The seller then informs him of certain conditions that must be respected for the
well-being of these fish. She cannot put more than 30 fish in her aquarium. The
The number of bee fish must be less than or equal to the number of angel fish. The aquarium
There should be at least 12 angelfish. There must be at least 2 more bee fish than...
a third of angelfish. An angelfish sells for $7.50 while a bee fish
Sell 5 $. How many fish of each species can Érika buy to minimize her
purchase cost? What will this purchase cost be then?

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44. In each case:
1) identify each of the variables;
2) translate the statement into an inequality with two variables.
a) Next year, revenue from the sale of algaecide for pools is expected to exceed by
+ 500,000 $ this year's revenue.

1) x : ___________________________________________________________________
y: ___________________________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________________________________

b) A 500 g container of vitamin C sells for $10 and a 1,000 g container sells for
18 $. Weekly sales are expected to amount to at least 3,400 $.

1) x : ___________________________________________________________________
y: ___________________________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________________________________

45. Graphically represent the solution set of each of the following inequalities.

a) y ≥ x−4 b) y ←0 . 5 x +3

c) −1 . 5 x + y >3 d) − y≤2x−1

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[Link] each half-plane into an inequality.

During pregnancy, it is recommended to take between 0.4 mg and 1 mg of acid daily.

folic. During her pregnancy, a woman consumes capsules of 0.15 mg and 0.25 mg.
mg of folic acid. What are the two inequalities associated with this situation that allow
to respect the recommended dose?

48. Following a surgical intervention, two solutions are administered to a patient. Solution A
costs $12/ml and the solution B, $15/ml. A nurse claims that the solutions administered to this
patients will cost at most $900.
a) Write the inequality that represents the situation knowing thatx represents the quantity A of
solute (in ml), andythe amount of solute B (in ml).

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 b) Graphically represent the solution set of the situation.

49. Optimization Problems

1- Roger owns a maple grove. Every spring, he produces syrup that he sells.
local market. He pours this syrup into containers of two sizes: 1 liter and 3 liters. This
year, he produced at least 60 liters. In previous years, he observed that the
the first format is in demand at least three times more than the second. However, it cannot
does not exceed 60 containers due to its outdated equipment. He sells his syrup for $8 each
Container of 1 liter and $20 for the 3-liter container.

a) He is looking for the number of containers of each size that will allow him to
achieve maximum income.
b) He is looking for the range of his income. (Difference between the maximum income and the income
minimal
c) Roger buys himself more efficient equipment that will allow him to produce more.
up to a maximum of 100 containers. What is the new maximum revenue?

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 2- Roger organizes a fundraising event to raise money for the trip to Quebec. Ten students are
ready to work a maximum of 7 hours each. For a partial car wash
(exterior wash), it takes about 35 minutes, and for a complete wash (interior and exterior wash)
outside), it takes 70 minutes. We charge $3 for an outside wash and $5 for an inside wash.
complete. It is expected that the number of complete washes will not exceed the number of
partial washes. We hope for at least 60 clients and the optimistic forecasts are for 90 clients.

a) How many washes of each type should be done to maximize profits if

The day's expenses amount to $35.
b) How much does his maximum profit increase if the optimistic forecasts are
100 clients?

To open, the restaurant owner must hire a maximum of 20 people.

at least eight servers and at most ten placers. There must be at most double the
number of servers than placers. The salary of servers is $12/h and that of
placers, at $14/hour. How many servers and placers will the owner need to hire in order to
to minimize its expenses and how much will they amount to?

4- A baseball team is organizing a washathon to fund a tournament. Two packages are

offers: an exterior wash at a cost of $15 and a full wash at a cost of $25. The team
plans to do at least 30 washes during the washathon, including at least 15 exterior washes and
at least 10 complete washes. An exterior wash takes 10 minutes and a complete wash takes 15.
volunteers are available for a maximum of 8 hours. One of the volunteers claims that
If the team washes the maximum number of cars, the profits will be maximal. Confirm or deny.
this statement.

A fishmonger sells salmon and pangasius. He sells at least 30 kg of these fish per
semaine et il garde en stock au maximum 50 kg de ces poissons. Il vend au moins 3 fois plus
of salmon than of pangasius. He always sells at least 7 kg of pangasius per week. The
The price of salmon is $15.41/kg and that of pangasius is $13.21/kg. Determine the
maximum sales and minimum sales that this fishmonger can achieve.

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 Air ABC offers economy class tickets at $600 and business class tickets at $1,600.
In an airplane, business class has 20 seats while economy class has 120.
To ensure that the company suffers no losses, at least 80% of the seats on each flight
must be occupied. In addition, at least 50% of the business class seats must be
occupied. Determine the number of tickets of each class that Air ABC must sell in order to
to avoid having to record losses.

Emmy has a choice between two jobs. Job A pays $8/hour for normal hours and $12.
$/h for overtime. Job B pays $7/h for normal hours and $14/h for overtime.
for overtime. The number of overtime hours cannot exceed
the triple of the normal schedule hours. The number of working hours in the normal schedule is
less than or equal to the number of extra hours plus 7 hours. Emmy is available
to work a maximum of 24 hours per week and she wants to work at least 12 hours per week.
Determine the job that offers the highest salary.

A breeder produces pigs and wild boars. His insurance does not cover more than 2200.
heads. The available facilities ensure that the difference between the number of pigs and
the number of wild boars raised at the same time cannot exceed 1200 heads. The market
The wild boar is such that its production cannot exceed a quarter of pig production. The
Estimated profit per wild boar is $175 while it is $120 per hog.
Determine the number of pigs and the number of wild boars that this farmer should produce in order to
to maximize its profits.

A pharmacist sells analgesics of a house brand for $3.75 a bottle.

and a national brand at the price of $4.55 per bottle. Each week, she sells at least
2 times more national brand painkillers than store brand. The sales
Weekly amounts of this product range from 60 to 240 bottles of tablets. The profit on the
store brand pain relievers account for 44% of the selling price while it is 20% for others
from the national brand. What maximum annual profit can the pharmacist achieve with
the sale of this product?

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 A couturier has 80 m2of cotton, 12 m2of fabric and 288 m of thread. The making
A complete one requires 4 m.2cotton, 0.8 m2of fabric and 24 m of thread. The making of a tailor.
request 5 m2of cotton, 0.8 m2of fabric and 16 m of thread. The tailor sells a suit for 500 $ and
a suit 450 $. How many complete outfits and suits must he make to maximize his
revenue?

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 CORRECTED
1. a)x   b)x≤ c) f(x; 2 d) f(x;2 ≥

2. a) ≥ 7000 b) < 7000

c) 3 > 9000 d) 3 ≤ 9000

3. a) Count the number of people, n ≤ 6T

b) Choose the number of exercises, x ≥ T00
c) Count the number of envelopes, e < 100
d) Total amount of money invested,(11p; 100 ≤  
4. −5 3
x< x≥
a) x≤5 b) 2 c) 2 d) x >−3

T. a)L≥ T
b)n≥ 2
c)e> 1800
d)v< 100
6. a) n: first of the 4 odd numbers b)x:largeqr dq rectangle (cm)
n+(n+2 )+(n+4 )+(n+6 )<105 2x+x +2x+ x≤1200
4n+12<105 6x≤1200
n<23.25 x≤200
We deduct 23 and we obtain the We determine x = 200.
numbers: 23, 2T, 27 and 29 The width is 200 cm.

(The length would therefore be 400 cm.)

c)n: first of the 3 even numbers d)n:integer name

n+(n+2 )+(n+4 )<61 −3
n× <22
3 n +6<61 7
n<18.3¯ n>−51,3¯
We deduct 18 and we obtain the The smallest names are therefore -T1.
nombres : 18, 20 et 22

e)n:positive integer
4n−5>8
n>3.25
The smallest number is therefore 4.

7. a) éiqivalentes b) non éiqivalentes c) non éiqivalentes d) non éiqivalentes

8. a) ≥ b) ≥ c) ≥ | ≤ d) ≥ | ≤

9. a)x ≤ 3 b)x ←2 c) x ≥ −3 d) x >3

1 18 9
10. a)x ≥ −1 b) x ≥ c) x ≤ d) x <
3 11 4
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 4
11. a)x ←6 b) x ≥ c) ∅ d)x ≥ 0 e)x i s a n e l f)
e xm<1
e ng)t xo<2
f R
3

11 −4 7 1
12. a) x > b) x > c)x ≤ −6 d) x ← e) x < f) ≥15−
√ 10√
2 3 4 2

13. a) i.x− y <3 ii.x− y >3 iii.x− y≤3 iv.x− y ≥ 3

b) i.2 r +3 c >10 ii. 2 r +3 c <10iii.2 r +3 c ≤ 1 0 iv.2 r +3 c ≥ 1 0
c) [Link]≤1200ii. mn≥1200 [Link]>1 2 0 0 iv. mn<1 2 0 0

y
14. a)x <10 b) y≤20 c)x ≤ 2 5 d)x ≥ 3 0 e) x ≤ f)9 . 5 y ≥ 1 2 0 g)11z>130
2
h) 12x≤224i) 12x> 19 years oldj) 9 . 5 y +11z< 425

1T. a)p ≤ 2 5 0 b) v< 100 c)x + y ≤ 5 d) 2x− y >−3e)0 . 7 5 x + 4y ≥ 15

g) xto+u+9
f)t is greater than or equal y ≤ 2 5 0 h)200x+ 300y ≥ 10000 i) x i s g r e a t e r t h a n o r e q u a l t o 4 y
j)3x+ 9y ≤ 1800 k)22x+5y ≤ 300 l) 100x+ 70y ≤ 9000
n)
m)x i s g r e a t e r t h a n o r eo)
3x is greater than q u2x+3y
or a l t o ≤2480
equal to y y p)2x is less than or equal to y
16.
1) 2)

3) 4)

T) 6)

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Chapter 1 – Optimization [Link]
76
Mathematics CCST
17.
a) b)

c) d)

e) f)

g) h)

i) j)

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 −19 19 −9 5
18. a)(4 −18) b)
( 2
,
2 ) c)(−5 . 1 6 ) d)(3 −1) e)16,−31¿ f)
( 2
,−
2 )
9
g) (−21,−13) h)(9 , 11 ) i)(4 . 0 ) j)
( 7 ,16) k) −10.15¿ l) (−3 . 9 )
37 33 2 1
m) (−19.33 ) n)
( ,
2 4 ) o)(8 . 1 ) p) ( 24.6 ) i) ( 4.0 ) r)
( )
,
3 3
27
s)
( 2
,20
) t) ( 0 . 6 )

19.
a) b) c)

20.
a) b) c)

4
21. a)y ≤ 4x−7 b) y ← x+ 5
3
22. a) Coit x: number of mg of carbohydrates per serving
y: number of mg of lipids per serving y≥3x
b) Coit x : number of hours of study for Cédric
y: number of hours of study of her sister x+ y≥12
c)Coit x : nombre d’heqres aq 1eremployment
y: number of heqres aq 2eemployment 12.5x+9 . 7 5 y ≤ 2 4 6
23. a) x: temps (en secondes)
y: height of the elevator (in meters)

{
y=23−0 . 7 5 x
b)
y=2+ 0 . 5 x

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Mathematics CCST
 c) The elevators intersect at 10.4 m.

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 { { { {
x+ y >30 x+ y ≥ 3 5 2 x + 4y ≤ 110 y >2x
24. a) b) c) d)
2 x + 4y ≥ 90 2 x + 4y ≤ 120 x + y <26 2 x + 4y ≥ 150

{
x+ y ≤ 2 5
e)
2 x + 4y ≥ 75
2T a) b) c)
.

d) e) f)

E.C. =

26 a) Coitx: larger of rectangle (cm) bCoitx: number of students

. )
y: long side of rectangle (cm) y: name of other participants

So we have So we have

27. R ¿, because they are measures of length. b) , because

a) +¿ N they are individuals.

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28. a) Coit x: number of pages of text
y: number of text and graphics pages
P=2 . 5 0 x + 4ymaximizer
b) Coit x: number of vacation days in Quebec
y: number of vacation days in the United States
C=80x+150y+ 160minimize
29. a) 28 helices and 14 gear systems; $64,400
b) 60 hours for the catamaran and 40 hours for the sailboat.
c) 70 $
d) Impossible, because the solution set of the system is the empty set.
30. { y is an element of N∨44 ≤} what ∈{44,45,46,…66,67,68
y ≤y 68 }
1 1
31. a) d:x≥1
1 d 2y is greater than ordequal
3:y≤−to xx+ 4
4 2
7 1 16 4
b) A1
( ) ( ) (
2
B1,
4
C
3 3
,
)
c) ( 4.1 )
−4 T+24
32. a) a= b) b= c) The maximum is 1 1T6 and all the pairs on segment BC maximize S.
5 5
33. P=9 x +15y
34. There are 7 points with integer coordinates that minimize the function:
( 34,49 38,44
) ,( 42,39
) , ( 46,34) ,50
( ,29 54,24,(58.19)
),( ),( )
3T. a) Faqx. For example, if the object's rule is P = x + y, the curve passing through the vertex minimizing
P will be the one with the lowest y-intercept.
b) Indeed, in any constraint polygon (whether it is open or closed), there are at least as many vertices.
generate a minimum point or a maximum point. In general, when working with an open polygon, one seeks to
minimize the objective function.
36. a) Coit x: number of baskets of 2 points x i s g r e a t e r t h a n o r e q u a l t o 3 y and2x+3y<54
y: number of 3-point baskets
b) Coit t: time in seconds 7 , 1 8 <t<41.34
c) Coit x : length in cm 2x+ 2 ( x + 6 )is less than or equal to 182
10
37. a) x ≤ −16 b) x <
3
38. a) b)D(1 . 5 ) generate a minimal cost of 60.

39. There are 3 pairs of integer coordinates that maximize the objective function.
40. L’objectf visé par Gilberte est de maximiser ses revenqs. La règle de l’objectf estR=150x+80y.
41. The peaks of the journey parcoqrq are:A ( 6 . 0 ) , B ( 6 , 1 2) ,C ( 8 , 1 6) , D ( 14,16, )E(30.0).
42. A(8, 16), B(14, 16), C(30, 0), D(6, 0), E(6, 12)

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43. Érika needs to buy 12 angelfish and 6 honeyfish to minimize her purchasing cost. Purchasing cost.
it will be 120 dollars.

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44. a) x : revenqs de cete année ($) y ≤ x+500000
y : revenues from next year ($)
b) x: number of T00 g containers 10 times+ 18y ≥ 3400
y : number of containers of 1,000 g
4T.

1 5 5 21+ 3 5
46. a) y ← x+ c) y < x +
y is greater than or equal to xb)
2 2 4 2 2 2
47. x : number of capsules of 0.1T mg 0 . 1 5x+0.25y ≥ 0.4
y: number of capsules of 0.2T mg 0.15x+0.25y ≤ 1
48. a)12x+15y ≤ 900
b)

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49.
#1 He must sell 4 tons of 1-liter pots and 1 ton of 3-liter pots.
b) 220 $
c) The main loan amount is $1,100.
#2 They must do 60 exterior washes and 30 complete washes.
The profit increases by $10.
#3 The owner must hire 8 servers and 4 placers for a minimum expense of $1T2.
#4 The volunteer is wrong, because the maximum profit is reached with 37 cars washed and it is possible to wash
43 vertices at each other summit of a constraint polygon.
#T The fishmonger can sell between 44T,80 $ and 7TT,10 $.
#6 Air ABC must sell at least 102 tickets in economy class and at least 10 tickets in business class
to avoid incurring losses.
#7 Job B offers a maximum salary of $294.
#8 He must produce 1,600 pigs and 400 wild boars for a maximum profit of $262,000.
#9 The pharmacist must sell each week 80 bottles of homemade mariq and 160 bottles of
My national earnings can profit annually of 14,43T $. (weekly: 277.60 $)
#10 The tailor must make 6 suits and 9 shirts for a total of $7,000.

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