Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

University Institute

Antonio José De Sucre

Anaco Extension

Mechanical School

Loss Control

Professor: High school diploma:

José was Luis Grisales

Ci: 29.962.310

February, 2021
Definition of Loss Control

Although accident prevention and occupational health are different subjects,

both are important aspects of loss control work. Both have the
the same goal of accident prevention. To reach this goal, both depend on
recognition and the elimination or control of hazards. The reason why these two
themes were identified separately originating from the definition of 'accident'
from the early days of the industrial safety movement.

The concept of Loss Control has developed and evolved in the

thought of accident prevention professionals for many years, to
end of reversing the upward trend of the injury index.

Today the modern industry is quickly realizing that the

programs aimed at injuries have failed and can no longer continue
treating the prevention and control of undesirable losses as a simple satellite or a
independent function of a department. The loss of lives and the losses
economic reasons sufficiently justify the integration of loss control within
each phase of the management process.

To successfully implement the Loss Control programs, the

professionals will need to have academic competence, technical competence,
practical experience, ability to plan, organize, direct, and control, and a countless number of
enthusiasm and dedication.

Objectives

Policies and objectives, framed within the mission, vision, and values, give us as
results with clear and defined responsibilities following standards, procedures and
standards; considering the participation of the operational level.

Its fundamental objectives are:

Detect, identify and correct existing standard conditions in facilities.

equipment, tools and/or materials.
Prevent new conditions from appearing in your standard.
Supervise the work areas.
Steps for implementing a loss control program in the
companies

Risk management is essential for all companies, including the

small and medium-sized practices (SMP). This refers to both the protection of
the assets, finances, and operations of the firm as well as the contribution to
satisfactory legal compliance, corporate governance, and due diligence. The management
Effective risk management will protect the company's reputation, credibility, and status.

It is important to establish a 'risk management culture' in the company. This

emphasizes the importance of managing risk as part of daily activities of
every staff member at all levels of the firm. The goal of creating a
risk management culture is to create a situation where partners and staff
instinctively seek out risks and consider their impacts when making decisions
effective operations.

This article is part of a risk management series that covers the

benefits and the steps to establish a risk management program. The
the second article will highlight the 10 steps for successful risk management and the third
will focus on business continuity planning and mitigation strategies
of risks. The articles are the result of discussions in recent meetings
of the SMP Committee of IFAC, which involves professionals from around the world who
they share their perspectives and viewpoints and the material included in the Guide for the
Management of Practice for Small and Medium Practices, which includes a whole module
sobre gestión de riesgos, que incluye profesionalismo y ética, compromiso con el cliente,
quality control and business continuity planning and recovery
disasters.

The implementation of a risk management program provides many

benefits, including:

A more effective strategic planning;

Better cost control through improved workflows, assessment of
clients and participation processes;
Higher profitability through better customer and job controls;
 Reduction of litigation risks as a consequence of processes and plans
contingency
Greater knowledge and understanding of risk exposure;
A systematic, well-informed, and comprehensive decision-making method;
Fewer interruptions and less work through a better understanding of
process by all staff of the company; and
Setting the stage for continuous improvement within the firm.

Establishment of a risk management program

Eight steps to establish a risk management program are:

1. Implement a Risk Management Framework based on the Risk Policy.

When developing the company's risk management framework, the following must be considered
the services offered, marketing and communication, personnel matters and resources
humans, information and resource management, regulatory obligations, security and
IT matters, succession planning, client acceptance and continuity
cash. Flow management.

2. Establish the context

Consider the company’s goals and objectives and the environment in which
opera (for example, cultural, legal, and operational). Identify the internal stakeholders
and external (for example, clients, staff, consultants, agents, internal systems,
third parties, suppliers, etc.).

3. Identify risks

Identify existing and potential risks, as well as existing controls.

Potential risks can be classified as services provided, contract risk,
acceptance or continuity risk and performance risk.
4. Analyze and evaluate risks.

Continuously analyze and assess risks. This implies a comparison

of exposure levels with a predetermined tolerance level, the degree of
control, the potential or real losses and the benefits and opportunities it presents
risk. One of the simplest models to identify the cost of controls and their
adequacy is to consider the probability of an event occurring and the consequences of
this event, e.g. Risk = Probability x Consequence.

When assessing the level of risk and identifying high and low risks, the process must
include the existing and anticipated practice areas of the company; the composition,
experience and knowledge of the firm; the management and internal control procedures; the
probability of being sued and the process for evaluating new and existing clients.

When evaluating the types of risks to which the company is exposed, it is important
consider both internal and external risks. Internal risks can
include the staff, the commercial premises, and the location, the threats to good
will and reputation and information technology. External risks can
include current and potential customers and competitors.

5. Treat and manage risks

Develop strategies to manage the identified risk. The options may

include accept, avoid, transfer (in whole or in part), reduce the probability and/or
consequence and retain the risk. Action plans can be developed based on
from the current levels of risk exposure, the benefits of actions / controls,
the duration of time to implement the actions and the available budget.

In the areas identified as high risk, actions may include

reconsider that area and its development, retrain the staff and review the
commitment to customers. Risk management procedures may include:

Clarity in the terms of the commitment;

 Obtaining adequate insurance and managing claims once they have
occurred;
Maintain accurate documentation;
Ensure the timeliness of the action and daily systems;
Only practicing in those areas where there is sufficient expertise; and
Implementing strict selection criteria for clients and consultants
used agents.

6. Communicate and consult

Communicate and consult with all parties of the firm, as well as with parties
externally, to ensure that everyone is well informed. For example, to avoid
have to take on the responsibility for the client's risk-taking, inform the client
in writing the relevant dates and the consequences in case the client does not act.
This will transfer the default risk to the client to act and/or make a
follow-up.

7. Monitor and review

Supervise and review risk management strategies continuously. With

as time goes by, new risks are created, existing risks increase or decrease, the
risks no longer exist, the risk priority may change or the strategies of
risk treatment can no longer be effective. Monitoring must include: monitoring the
existing risks, identify new risks, identify any problem areas and
evaluate the effectiveness of current risk treatment strategies.

Monitoring ensures the introduction of new measures to control the

new risks as they arise. Continuous review is required to
ensure that the strategies remain relevant and that the overall control position
of risks is relative to the potential costs of the risk.

8. Record

Keep a written record of all policies and procedures, including the

documentation of the evaluation process, the main identified risks and the
measures designed to reduce the impact of these main risks. If not
they document the policies, violations in performance can occur due to
misunderstandings or misinterpretations. A written set of statements of
Policies provided by documented procedures provide a reference.
constant, a guide for action and a framework to verify that operations are carried out
in the manner provided by the company.

Define Inspections in Industrial Safety

Security inspection is an analytical security technique that consists of

an analysis, conducted through direct observation of the facilities, equipment and
productive processes (conditions, characteristics, work methodology, attitudes,
skills, human behavior...) to identify existing hazards and evaluate the
risks in different job positions.
The inspection will be carried out thoroughly in all facilities, equipment and
processes in operation, accompanied by the heads of the different areas or
with a person related to work.

Importancia

Workplace accidents can cause significant costs and disrupt in a way

negative the operational dynamics of any organization. To avoid any type of
accident, it is recommended to carry out periodic safety inspections that identify and
Manage in time the risks related to the daily activities of the company.

Security inspections can be defined as the administrative process.

which allows studying the physical conditions and the tasks that are performed, in order to
detect potential hazards that can cause accidents due to technical or human failures.

By conducting these types of evaluations regularly, we can recognize the

risks, facilitate cost control and generate effective policies to protect health and
worker safety.

Benefits

The benefits of doing thesecurity inspectionsthey are the following:

Helps in the search for potential hazards.

 2. It facilitates the identification of anomalous situations and acts.
3. Detects abnormal conditions in the work team

Types

Planned inspection

Systematic tour of an area, that is with a periodicity, instruments and

responsibilities determined prior to their execution, during which it is intended
identify conditions your standard.

2. Special inspections.

As its name indicates, they are carried out in situations that are particularly important.

importancia para la empresa; así, cuando ha sucedido un accidente de magnitud,

fires, explosions, all accidents involving loss of life; also
when a safety campaign is initiated, when new methods are implemented
work, new facilities, process changes.

3. Continuous Inspections

They are those that are carried out regularly at short intervals of time (day,
shift), carried out by plant personnel, Director or Safety Engineer or
Security Commissions.

4. One-time visit inspections

They are those that are generally carried out only once in a significant way.
time period (one year). They are in charge of inspectors outside the company, Engineers
from the Insurance Company or from a government official of a specialist whose advice was
requested.

5. Inspections of order and cleanliness

Planned inspections in which it is intended to verify that everything is

find it in the place where it really should be and in proper cleaning condition,
both of the workplaces and of the objects.
Define Safe Work Procedure

We can find a legal basis in the Prevention of Risks Law itself.

Labor Relations, Law 31/95 and its Development Regulation, RD 39/97. Establishes its own
Law that will integrate occupational risk prevention into the general management system of the company (both in the

set of its activities as in all its hierarchical levels) through the

implementation of a Prevention Plan that will include, among other issues, the practices and
the necessary procedures to carry out the preventive action in the company (art. 16.1).
The Safe Work Procedures (hereinafter SWP), also known as
Safety Instructions clearly and concretely describe the correct way to
carry out certain operations, jobs, or tasks that can cause harm if not
they are carried out in the determined way.

When is it necessary to carry out Safe Work Procedures / Instructions?

Security?
These instruments for the management of occupational risk prevention are considered necessary when:

Tasks are susceptible to generating risks, especially when

we talk about serious or very serious risks (e.g. work at high voltage..)
The tasks are considered critical, that is, tasks in which an action or
omission can cause an accident.
The operations to be executed are of the so-called Non-Routine type. Due to
Precisely the circumstantiality of the tasks can lead to them not being followed.
all the established steps for the work, either due to lack of habit, due to
forgetting... (e.g. certain maintenance work that is carried out with little
frequency...)

Work instructions should be developed for those tasks that in

certain conditions may be susceptible to generating risks, especially if these
are of some importance and are associated with people's actions. In the
instructions will include those safety aspects to consider by the
responsible individuals for the tasks to be carried out, so that they know how to act
correctly in the different phases or operations and be aware of the attentions
special measures that must be taken during key moments or operations for their safety
personal, that of their colleagues and that of the facilities.
Work instructions are essential in what are called critical tasks, which
are those in which accidents or failures may occur due to actions or omissions that
they are necessary to avoid. Special attention should also be given to the occasionality of the work
especially due to the possible difficulty of remembering preventive aspects that may result
important and can easily lead to error and consequently an accident.
It is advisable for the company to define the processes or in its production processes.
key tasks and the associated activities that should be
considered critical.
Who are the main recipients of the PTS?

The main recipients of the PTS are the workers who carry out the tasks and
works subject to the procedure, which must comply with them. Subsidiarily, they must
the managers of the production units have these procedures available
affected.
In order to be properly applied by their recipients, they must be easy
understanding, without superfluous literature that can only generate confusion or lack
of motivation for your application. And, one piece of advice, the more visual it is, the better impact it will have.

will have in the recipient (insertion of photographs, pictograms, diagrams...)

How to distribute the Safe Work Procedures? Is it necessary to provide them with a
location?

The PTS can and must be used for information, training, and instruction of
those workers who must apply them. To this end, in addition to distributing them in the
information and training days should be held in the vicinity of the
productive processes, work teams or tasks that require following it
procedure to be subject to consultation if necessary. Therefore, it is
It is essential to inform the workers about the location of the same.
procedures.
But... how to develop a Safe Work Procedure?
In theNTP 560 of the INSHT on "Preventive management system: procedure for"
preparation of the work instructionsguidelines to consider are provided and included
this diagram as a framework for the development of instructions for
work:
The first step for the development of PTS or Safety Instructions is undoubtedly
create a list of those dangerous activities or tasks specifying the positions
of affected workers. For this task, in addition to consulting with the workers themselves or
its representatives (given their experience and that they are the ones who must apply them), must

also consult with process managers, area leaders, team leaders,

etc. And of course also consult with the organizational modality in OSH of the
company. Here, the External Prevention Services play an important role due to their
interdisciplinary knowledge
and his experience.

It is also necessary
consult one of the
tools par excellence
for the management of the
prevention, the Evaluation of
Risks, when identified
and assessed the risks for
the safety and health of the
workers in all the
job positions and in all
the activities. It will give us

very valuable information for

determine those tasks
that truly require a
PTS or Instruction of
Security (by prioritization criteria or by risk assessment criteria).
It is advisable that this activity is carried out with discretion and to establish only those activities

that really require these tools, without falling into excess as it can be
counterproductive as it has an effect contrary to the desired one.

For the structuring and content of the work instruction, it is advisable to maintain the
same scheme in which, as a general rule, the procedures are developed
Management System for Prevention that coincide with other systems of
management such as Quality, Environmental.
The PTS or Safety Instruction should contain the following items:

Finally, regarding its preparation, we must also take into account

its review and update, that is, we must monitor the update of the PTS in
function of parameters such as; change in working conditions, in the equipment
used in the new techniques or procedures employed, in accidents or
incidents that may have occurred... It is vital that
the workers who must apply the PTS or Safety Instructions, have
always from the latest version/update so we must maintain a rigorous and
exhaustive control of the documentation and its distribution.
In any
System of
Management of the

Prevention, good
of legal type well
based on
specifications
like OHSAS
18001 (point
4.4.6 about
Control
operational), deb
to include this type
of procedures
or instructions if
we want to control the risks associated with certain tasks / activities in a way
scrupulous. And this is also a very considered aspect when it comes to auditing.
a prevention management system, either through legal audit (voluntary or
mandatory) through system certification audit (e.g. OHSAS 18001).
We must not forget that the development of any type of procedure for
management must always integrate aspects of safety and health (art. 16 of the Occupational Risk Prevention Law)

and article 1 of RD 39/97)

In this article, we cannot miss the opportunity to learn about some cases.
PTS practicals. Here are some that I have particularly liked for their
clarity in its preparation, as they are very visual, well-structured... although not
strictly comply with the items we have detailed previously.
One of them is "Manual of safe work procedures for different processes
from the construction sectorpublished by theConstruction Labour Foundation. In
In this manual, you will find PTS for assembly, use, and maintenance of
certain work equipment (tube scaffolding, anchor lines...) as for the
execution of certain phases of work (excavation, formwork...).
Another very interesting manual and a project that I had the opportunity to coordinate and lead.

itSafe Work Instructions Manual. Wood Sector Machines. From

Condenadora, Fecoma CCOO and MCA UGT (Fed. Industry). This manual includes a
simple preventive material based on safe work instructions for machinery
used in the wood and furniture sector.
Some bibliography of interest: