Understanding Electrical Risks and Safety
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Electrical Risks and Safety
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsELECTRICAL RISKS
Risk of electrical accident
Possibility of circulation of
an electric current at
through the human body.
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ELECTRICAL RISKS
Harmful effects of electricity
Fires and/or explosions: They will affect people,
installations and goods.
Electrification or electro-trauma: Any accident of
electric origin whatever its consequences and
electrocution reserved for fatal accidents of
electric origins that affect people.
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ELECTRICAL RISKS
Physiological effects on the person
These effects can be classified into three types:
Direct Physiological Effects
They refer to the immediate consequences of the electric shock and its severity.
it depends on the current intensity. Its manifestations range from
tingling sensations to suffocation or severe rhythm disturbances
cardiac.
Indirect Physiological Effects
They are the disorders that follow an electric shock, altering
the functioning of the heart or other vital organs, and they produce
burns, which can have fatal consequences.
Side Effects
They are due to involuntary acts of the individuals affected by the shock.
electrical, such as falls from heights, impacts against objects, projection of objects,…
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ELECTRICAL RISKS
Types of electrical contacts
Direct Contact
It is produced with the active parts of the
installation or equipment. This implies the passage of
important current amounts, what
it exacerbates the consequences of the crash.
Indirect Contact
It is produced with placed masses
accidentally tense. Just a
part of the fault current flows through the
human body, the rest of the current circulates
due to the ground contacts of the masses.
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ELECTRICAL RISKS
Low voltage installation works
Before starting any low voltage work (equal to or
less than 1000 V in alternating current and 1500 V in direct current
continue) the driver or element will be identified
in which intervention is required.
Any installation will be considered live, while
do not prove otherwise with devices intended for such
effect.
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Electrical Risks
Work in the absence of tension
Measures must be taken to ensure that only those people who work in the
Installation can reconnect it.
Execution: If the fuses have been unscrewed, they should not be left next to the distribution box,
but the person working on the installation must take them with them. The devices of
locking provides additional safety. Locking or blocking a device is understood as
as the set of operations aimed at preventing the maneuver or operation of it
device, keeping it in a specific position, needing to act in the event of technical failures, causes
unforeseen or due to human error. This blockage can be obtained through the following systems:
mechanical lock (padlock)
electric blockage (remove and store fuses)
air blocking (putting something physically in the middle)
Labels can be used to inform other technicians or users of the installation.
self-adhesive labels that will be applied to protective devices, circuit breakers or fuse holders. They usually
be red and yellow. Make the cutting signage, which clearly indicates through phrases
the symbols the limitations to which the device is subjected.
Check, using a tester, for the absence of voltage in each of the parts.
electrically separated from the installation.
Use of PPE, it should always be grounded and left in short circuit.
The service will not be restored at the end of the work, without checking that no individuals are present.
working.
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ELECTRICAL RISKS
Work under tension
When performing work on live electrical equipment, it is important to consider not only the risk of electric contact but also
also the formation of electric arcs due to short circuit, where the temperature of the medium is going to
raise to 4000ºC.
The most appropriate safety material will be used in each case:
Fireproof clothing
Insulated footwear
Inactinic Glasses
Helmet
Approved insulating leather gloves
Insulating carpets or benches
Insulating sleeves or caps
Voltage testers
Approved insulating tools
Signage materials (discs, barriers, etc.)
In any work near energized facilities, it must be delimited and signposted.
adequately and perfectly the work area.
Apply previous standards for work without tension
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ELECTRICAL RISKS
Electricity is dangerous
Neither sight, nor smell, nor hearing can detect it.
Isolate yourself, the non-isolated body will act as a conductor.
The current intensity that passes through the body is the
what produces adverse effects on the human body.
Dangerous from 0.01 Amperes and can kill with
0.1 Amperes.
To decrease the intensity, increase the resistance.
use insulating protective elements (gloves,
calzado, planchas aislantes, etc.)
Keep the soil in your work area dry or isolate yourself
through a platform, board, etc.
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ELECTRICAL RISKS
Check the status of the equipment and facilities
The devices, equipment, and installations
with whom they have to work, must
always find oneself in good condition.
Do not use damaged cables, plugs
broken sockets, nor devices
whose casing has defects.
If using extension cables,
ensure the good condition of the
same and their plugs.
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ELECTRICAL RISKS
Do not alter or modify the security devices.
Use ONLY elements provided by the
installer.
When unplugging a plug, always pull from the
She, never of the power cable.
Disconnect cables and extensions at
end.
Do not connect equipment or devices if the outlet
current has defects or is not the right one.
Keep a distance from elements in
unprotected tension: crane electrical lines,
airlines...
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ELECTRICAL RISKS
ATTENTION TO HUMIDITY!
Electricity and humidity are irreconcilable enemies.
keep your distance.
Never manipulate or use electrical devices that are found
wet ones.
Do not use electrical devices if your hands or feet are wet.
I never touch the electrical installations.
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