Univim

Virtual University of Michoacán

Bachelor's degree in Herbalism and Phytotherapy

Course in Phytotherapy in Apparatus and Systems 1

Activity of functional groups in phytotherapy

Ana Luisa Tasuy Maquita Nakano

Enrollment 175163

al175163@[Link]

Marian Paola Soto Olivares

26 07 21
 Introduction
In this work, we can discuss the great importance that plants have to our environment as well as their
characteristics, concepts, and uses in our environment. As a definition, we have that phytotherapy comes from the
Greek With the words Fito Plant and therapy which is the science that studies plants, which will serve us as
the treatment to restore our health through teas, infusions, etc. We say that this type of medicine
data from the ayurvedas, Egyptians, etc.
Plants produce a wide spectrum of secondary metabolites, which participate in their mechanisms of
defense against depredation by microorganisms, insects, and herbivores. These metabolites are compounds that do not
they are directly associated with the processes of growth and development, but they also grant plants properties
biological. Next, we will analyze the main functional groups.

Group Characteristics Pharmacological effects of Examples

functional the metabolites
chemical
Flavonoids Flavonoids are The metabolism of the Apples and grapes
natural pigments flavonoids are intense and a
present in vegetables an important part is excreted
and that protect the through urine. The transformation
damage organism of the flavonoids takes place
produced by agents in two locations: in
oxidants, like rays first place in the liver, due to
ultraviolet, pollution medium of reactions of
 environmental, substances phase I biotransformation in
chemicals present in the those that are introduced or
foods and women exponent polar groups; in
they help us to the second place in the colon
menopause through reactions of
phase II biotransformation, in
the ones that microorganisms
flavonoids do not degrade
absorbed
Isoflavones Compounds that have in Although the effects of the Soybean and red clover
the presence of isoflavones is not strong,
structure derived from the the concentrations
3-phenyl-benzopyran-4-one. achieved in the organism
Like flavones they are high enough
they present a in order to be able to produce their
Ar-C chain 3 physiological effects. Effects on
-But they differ from the body: symptoms
these are type climatic, osteoporosis and
1,2-diphenyl-propane, instead of hypolipidemic
of 1,3-diphenylpropane.
Lignans They are phytoestrogens that The lignans Flaxseed
promote a better secoisolariciresinol diglucoside
cell division, prevent (SDG) and its metabolites of
tumoral growth and lignans, enterodiol
they help to balance the (ED) and enterolactone (EL) are
adverse effects of the phytochemical compounds
estrogens. antioxidants with potential
anticancer activity that
The most component can imitate the functions of
interesting about lignans human hormones, without the
they are made of linen
 lignans, secoisolariciresinol harmful effects of these.
diglucoside (SDG) that have
proven to be a support
healthy for men and
women
Phenols Organic compounds Onion and cocoa
Formation of Salts: when they are acids
that are made up of
one or several Groups they react with bases to
Hydroxyl Functional Groups (- form sales
OH) united to a ring
Formation of Ethers
aromatic (ring of
Benzene). The phenols are Formation of Ester
a type of alcohols. They are
slightly soluble in
water and much in ethers and
alcohols
Saponins They are very heterosides Saponins have a Ivy and
extended in the kingdom high molecular weight and it asparagus
vegetable. Mainly it hydrolyzed by acids
characterize because in (like all heterosides) or,
contact with water through enzymes, giving the
they produce a foam genina and the various sugars
persistent, property related to uronic acids.
has been used His isolation in pure state
widely in many it's difficult. They are extracted with
parts of the world. alcohols or solutions
In addition, saponins hydroalcoholic, after a
they have the capacity to previous deslpidation. The
increase the permeability concentration of the
of the cell walls and solutions are complicated by the
 destroy the red blood cells by tendency that these have to
hemolysis. to form foam.
Isothiocyanates It is the chemistry group - N = When the Chinese cabbage, broccoli, are damaged or broken,
C = S, formed by plant cells, the enzyme seeds of
the replacement of oxygen myrosinase is released and papaya
in the isocyanate group with catalyzes the hydrolysis of the
a sulfur. Many glucosinolates forming the
natural isothiocyanates of isothiocyanates.
plants are produced by
enzymatic conversion of
the metabolites called These compounds are
glucosinolates. These considered as the agents
natural isothiocyanates most effective chemopreventives
such as isothiocyanate of known effectiveness.
alilo, they are also known
like mustard oils
Glucosinolates are found in the They transform into Cabbage and cauliflower
crucifers and their isothiocyanates, thiocyanates and
degradation is the natures. The heat of the process
responsible for the flavor of culinary inhibits the action of the
the mustard myrosinase, however the
colon bacteria contain
also said enzyme, for it
that the transformation of
glucosinolates to their
bioactive compounds are
possible still after being
cooked.
Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes. They are derived through Mint, birch,
biosynthesis.
that consist of two starting from units of
 isoprene units and have isopentenyl pyrophosphate, rose petal
the molecular formula C 10 what is formed from acetyl-
H 16. Monoterpenes CoA through the
they can be linear acid intermediation
(acyclic) or containing mevalonic in the pathway of the
rings. Terpenes HMG-CoA reductase. A
modified, such as alternative, biosynthesis pathway
those that contain not related to IPP
functionality of oxygen or known in some groups of
a methyl group is missing, it bacteria and the plastids of the
they name plants, the so-called MEP-(
monoterpenes. methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate
Monoterpenes and way, which starts from C 5
monoterpenes are sugars. In both ways, IPP
various. They have it is isomerized to DMAPP by the
relevance for the isopentenyl isomerase enzyme
pharmaceutical industries pyrophosphate.
cosmetics, agricultural and
food

Conclusion
Currently, there is a significant research effort underway to determine the true role of these substances.
components of the diet in the maintenance of health and to establish the mechanisms by which they exert their action.
These investigations will allow the identification of those phytochemical compounds that have a protective role against
diseases, their absorption and bioavailability.
Bibliography
Orlando A, Guirado A. 2005. Medicinal potential of the genus Sapindus L. (Sapindaceae) and the species Sapindus
saponaria L. Cuban Journal of Medicinal Plants

Miranda M, Cuéllar A. 2001. Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales. La Habana: Félix Varela

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