Lesson 1: Definitions and basic vocabulary

I. Information processing

a. Information
Definition: Information is the set of data that has meaning.
Examples:
. Newspaper article (text)
. Caricature (image)
. Phone call (sound)
. Television news (video)

b. Information processing

Definition: Set of operations carried out by means that can be performed on the
information.
Note: when all processing is done by the machine, it is said that the processing is
automatic

Information Treatment Information from

entry exit
Text (1 page) Summary (7 lines)

[Link] Science

Definition: Computer science is the science of automatic processing of information by

computers.

Note: The term computer science comes from the contraction of the words 'Information' and
Automatic.
In Arabic:‫ﻋﻠﻮﻣﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻢ‬
Computer science

II. Computer System

In general, a computer system is defined as being composed of two parts.
essentials:

. The hardware: all the physical parts of the computer, that is to say
the one we can see and touch
Example: keyboard, mouse, screen, printer...

. The software part: The computer programs ensuring the processing

automatic information.
Example: Windows, Microsoft Word, Photoshop, Skype,…
Lesson 2: Structure of the computer
I. Functional diagram of a computer
Definition: The computer is an electronic information processing machine.
Note: The term computer means: 'that which organizes, puts in order'
Order: Organize in a coherent or logical manner
There are several types of computers:

. PC (Personal Computer)
. Laptop
. Tablet
. Smartphone
. Macintosh
. Server computer
. Macro system
. Other...

The main components that make up a computer are:

Central Unit
Devices

Central unit Devices

Devices
Processing unit
d’entrées de sorties

Memory

II. Devices
Definition: A peripheral is an electronic device that can be connected to
the computer.
We distinguish three types:

a. Input devices:
These devices serve to provide information to the computer.
Example:

Beltway Function
. Keyboard input
. Mouse scoring
. Scanner image acquisition
. Microphone sound acquisition
. Webcam video acquisition
. Game controller video game
 b. Output devices

Used to extract information from the computer

Example:

Peripheral Function
. Screen (monitor) Display of data
. Printer impression

. Speaker Audio output

. Projector video projection

. Earphones Audio output
. Bluetooth headset Wireless audio output

c. Input-output peripheral
These devices operate in both directions; entering and exiting data.
Example:

Peripheral Function
. Modem (ADSL, 3G…) the internet connection
. DVD and CD-ROM burner memory storage units
. USB flash drive ,,
. Hard disk ,,
. Memory card ,,
. USB Bluetooth Remote data transfer

III. Central unit

Definition: The central unit (C.U) is called the main part of the computer that performs
all basic information processing.

The general diagram of a CPU can be represented as follows:

Central unit
Central memory
Files
The buses
Devices
Microprocessor (keyboard, mouse, screen)
….)
Without files

Entry and exit cards

 Microprocessor
Definition: the microprocessor is the brain of the computer; it is the set of circuits.
integrated systems that ensure the interpretation and execution of instructions, perform the calculations and
manages the flow of information circulating in the computer.
Note: Microprocessors are characterized by frequency (speed) expressed in
Hertz (Hz) with its multiples:

1KHz = 103Hz
1MHz = 106Hz
1GHz = 109Hz
Example:

Brand Company
4004 (1971) 108 kHz Intel
Pentium (1993) ,,
Pentium II (1997), III, 4 ,,
Pentium D (2004) ,,
Core 2 Duo (2006) ,,
Intel Core i7 (2008) 3.33 GHz ,,
AMD Athlon
PowerPC IBM

[Link] Memory
In general, in computer science, memory is a device that is used to store.
information. There are two types of memory in the computer:

Secondary memory: Hard drive, USB stick, CD/DVD, Memory cards…

Central memory: Main block of "live" memory of a computer from which all
Application software loads and runs.

Example: RAM (Random Access Memory)

Units and their multiples of memory capacity:

. Bit = It is the elementary quantityinformationrepresented by a number

binary that is 0 or 1
. Octet(o) = 8 bits = 23bit (in English Byte)
. Kilo-octet(Ko) = 210octet = 1024 octet
. Megabyte (MB) = 220octet
. Gigabyte (GB) = 230octet
. Téra-octet(To) = 240octet
 c. The maps

. The interface cards

Definition: they are electronic circuits also called exchange units, they relieve the
microprocessor in data management and transfer tasks with peripherals.
Example: sound card, graphics card, network card, TV card...

. The motherboard
The motherboard is the center of the computer; it is essential for its proper functioning.
operation. It is on this board where the microprocessor and memory are placed.
central, the interface cards and the ports.

2 :…………………………………

3 :…………………………………

4 :………………………………….

5 :………………………………….

The port on a motherboard allows connecting peripherals, there are several types.
of ports :
-VGA port (allows you to connect a screen)
USB port
Lesson 3: Software & areas of application
III. The software

Definition: software, program or set of computer programs ensuring processing

particular of information. The word software is the translation of the English software.
There are two types of software: system software and application software.

a. The operating systems

Definition: A system software controls the operation of the computer, thus playing the
role of the first interface between man and machine. These basic software are called system
exploitation.

User Machine

Example:
MS DOS
Windows (95, 98, 2000, XP, Vista, 7…)
Unix
Linux (Fedora, Mandriva, Debian...)
MacOs
…

b. Application software

All other software are application software. They allow to perform a multitude of
tasks more or less specific according to the user's needs.

Example:

Microsoft Word (word processing)

Microsoft Excel (spreadsheet)
Google Chrome (Web Navigation)
Photoshop (image processing)
Skype (Chat)
…

IV. Scope of application of computer science (Activity)