NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBIA

SCHOOL OF MINES - TOPOGRAPHY LABORATORY

TAREA #17 y 18–TOPOGRAFIA - GRUP0. 01

PROFESSOR OSCAR ZAPATA - DATE. 14/11/2017

NOMBRE: JULIAN ARTURO CHAPARRO ROJAS - CARNET: [Link]

[Link]
An electronic digital level is also leveled on a tripod and reads a member.
of personnel with barcodes using electronic laser methods. The height of
The rod where the level beam crosses the rod is displayed on a digital screen. This type
of level removes the graduation interpolation of a person, thus eliminating a source
of error and increasing accuracy. During the night, the fill level is used along with
an automatic cross laser for precise scale readings
An automatic level, leveling instrument or automatic level is a
optical instrument used to establish or verify points in the same plane
horizontal. It is used intopographyyconstructionwith a vertical stick to measure the
height differences and to transfer, measure, and establish heights.
In 1832,the English civil engineer William Gravatt, who had worked withMarc Isambard
Bruneland her sonIsambardin thetunnelof theThames, he received the assignment from Mr. HR Palmer
to examine a plan for the route of theSoutheast Railroadfrom London toDoverObliged
to use thelevel Y conventional during the work, Gravatt devised the overflow level more
transportable and easy to use
The leveling instrument is configured at atripodand, depending on the type, it adjusts accordingly
approximately or precisely at a leveled level using leveling screws
(foot screws). The operator looks through the ocular of the telescope while an assistant
holds a measuring tape orpersonalvertical graduated at the low measurement point. The
The instrument and the personnel are used to collect and/or transfer elevations (levels)
during site inspections or building construction. The measurement generally
starts from areference point with a known height determined by a
pre-survey, or an arbitrary point with an assumed height.
An automatic level, self-leveling level or automatic builder's level includes a
internal compensatory mechanism (aprismoscillating) that, when established near the
level, automatically eliminates any remaining variation. This reduces the need for
configure the instrument truly leveled, like with a spirit level or
inclined. The self-leveling instruments are the preferred instrument on sites of
construction, construction and during the rise due to ease of use and to
quick preparation time.
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Automatic levels use a compensator that ensures the line of sight.
remain horizontal once the operator has leveled approximately the
instrument (within maybe 0.05 degrees). The inspector places the instrument quickly
and you don't have to carefully level it every time you look at a rod in another
point. It also reduces the effect of the minor tripod settlement on the actual amount of
movement instead of taking advantage of the slope over the viewing distance. They are used
three-level screws to level the instrument.
Set up the tripod just above the height of the hood. Make sure it is stable and
Raise the level at the top. Adjust the leveling screws until the bubble
the pond is centralized. As long as the pond bubble is central, the
Automatic compensators can finely level the instrument. To ensure that
that this is the case, while looking through the scope, gently touch the level. The view
it will darken for a few moments before stabilizing. If this does not happen, the instrument
it is not level enough for the compensators to do
front, and needs adjustment.
The laser levels project a beam that is visible and/or detectable by a sensor in the
leveling bar. This style is widely used in construction work but not
for a more precise control job. One advantage is that a person can perform the
independent leveling, while other types require a person in the
instrument and another on the bar.
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Compensator with magnetic damping, includes user manual and case.

Precision: Standard deviation for 1 Km in double leveling (ISO 17123-2)
Electronic measurements: with Invar sights: 0.9mm with standard sights: 1.5mm
Optical measurements: 2.0mm
The progress based on experience
Here is the second generation of digital levels from Leica, the inventor of the first level.
digital world. Their external appearance excites the modern shape of their casing,
studied ergonomics and the size of its LCD screen - the largest on the market. From its
interior proves convincing with its advanced electronics, the exceptional optical systems and
mechanical and the perfect integration of the well-known concept of data and user guidance,
specific to the TPS700 tachymeters.

Ensures optimal results when measuring

The digital levels of LEICA in summary:
Increase of the 24x binoculars

Field of application: Simple measurement of heights, level differences, and layout.

quotas, leveling of 1st and 2nd order, Precision measurements (DNA 03)
Leveling for cadastral topography, Technical leveling (DNA10)
Range: Electronic measurement 1.8m -- 110m, Optical measurement from 0.6m
Typical measurement time: 3 seconds
Measurement methods: Single measurement, Mean, Median, Repeated measurements
Measuring Programs: Measure and Record, Sight Height/Distance, EF, aEF, EFFE,
aEFFE
Codificación: Descripción, Código libre, Código rápido
Data registration :
Internal memory 6000 measurements or 1650 stations (EF)
Data storage: PCMCIA card (ATA-Flash/SRAM) compatible SRAM
with Omnidrive MCR4
Online operation: GSI format via RS232
Data exchange with internal memory: GSI8/GSI16/XML/flexible formats

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First of all, the technology of the world 'Wave-and-Read'

Digital levels of the Topcon DL-500 series to maximize work efficiency and minimize
the human error, which provides precision in constant measurement and speed,
regardless of the operator's skill.

The incorporation of Random-bidirectional (RAB) state-of-the-art encoding technology

generation, an optimized digital processing algorithm, the DL-500 provides a
exceptional measurement precision,

La estabilidad y la velocidad, bajo una variedad de condiciones ambientales. Incluso cuando

the surface is partially in the shade of personnel, or in low light conditions of
lighting as low as 20 lux, a single button activates the measurement and the DL-500 provides
instantly reliable results.
The world's first 'Wave-y-Read' technology offers an additional style option.
lifting that allows a rod operator to push the staff forward and
backward, instead of maintaining the personal plumb line. This simpler method is more
fast, easier, minimizes fatigue and is so precise.

Pre-installed measurement programs assist various leveling tasks and calculations.

accompanied. Internal memory stores field data, and they can be transferred
directly to your computer via the serial cable, eliminating human error.

Elevation: Calculate the elevation of the forecast (FS) with reference to the backward view
The elevation of the inflection point (TP) is used for a new
reference, which allows for consecutive leveling.

Cut and fill: Earthworks and embankment layout routines facilitate the pending work.
The measurement can be taken with 0.1mm or 1mm (0.001ft or 0.01ft) resolutions.

Difference in height: Automatically shows the height difference between the point behind (BS) and
prospective (FS) at 0.1mm or 1mm (0.001ft. or 0.01ft.) unit.

Ceiling height: Two measurements provide a ceiling height; one with a staff.
placed on the floor, the other with an inverted personnel put on the ceiling. Ceiling elevation
It can also be calculated with reference to the elevation of the reference point.

NEW FEATURES:

• ONE-BUTTON OPERATION FOR ELEVATION MEASUREMENT AND

DISTANCIAS
• HEIGHT PRECISIONS OF 0.6MM/ 0.8MM DEPENDS ON THE MODEL
ADVANCED BARCODE READING TECHNOLOGY "RAB"
• PREINSTALLED MEASUREMENT PROGRAMS
MEASUREMENT OF HEIGHT DIFFERENCE
INVERSE MEASUREMENT READING FOR CEILING HEIGHT READINGS
• INTERNAL MEMORY OF UP TO 2,000 POINTS

THE PACKAGE INCLUDES: DL-500 SERIES LEVEL, RECHARGEABLE INTERNAL BATTERY,

CHARGER WITH POWER CABLE, ADJUSTMENT TOOL, COVER
VYNIL, MANUAL DE USUARIO, ESTUCHE DE TRANSPORTE, TRIPIE DE EXTENSION
ALUMINUM, TRANSFER CABLE AND TOPCON LINK SOFTWARE FOR
DATA TRANSFER.

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y-applications

The bubble level (also known as the spirit level) is a measuring instrument
designed to indicate whether a plane or a surface is in perfect position.
horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb).
The widespread use of the bubble level extends to countless applications such as
["carpentry","masonry","blacksmithing","plumbing","metallurgy","machinery construction"]
industrial tools and precision instruments, surveying, architecture, decoration,
photography, videography and even various household tasks. The bubble level also
it is incorporated in the head of the combined squares.

Today there is a great variety and complexity of bubble levels. Apart from the most
simple ones that consist of only a horizontal tube with two markings, are available
levels with the highest amount and arrangement of pipes, as seen in the figure below.
There are also levels that offer digital reading of the inclination and others that project.
a laser beam, taking advantage of the absolute parallelism that it provides to perform
determinations with great precision.

Laser Electronic Level

Although this term is frequently applied to the sophisticatedtopographical levels,
There are also levels with the classic designs we have seen so far, of 25
and 60 cm in length, but that not only provide electronic reading, but also some
models are capable of projecting a laser beam.

Manyelectronic levels pethey also measure angles and inclinations.

They have the inclinometer function (through an integrated tilt sensor),
level and angle gauge, with the accuracy provided by its electronic operation and
digital, which offers measurements in degrees, %, or mm/m, which can be displayed in a
screen.

Bubble laser electronic levels that also have a laser can have the
traditional design or the post-level one, and the laser projection is extremely useful for
various uses

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topography
It is the most sophisticated type of levels, which project a laser beam, both vertical and
horizontal. They are divided into plane levels and line levels, and their use depends on the
Application. Laser levels generate vertical, horizontal, or oblique planes.
through a rotating system for the emission of the laser beam and are mainly used for
the leveling of agricultural land. Thelaser line levelsthey emit a fixed horizontal ray
the vertical that allows for alignment and highlights its greater application in control
of alignments and slopes.

Of all the types of topographic levels seen, theautomatic line levels

opticalthey are the most used nowadays for their simplicity, speed, and cost-benefit ratio,
with applications ranging from housing construction, gardening, and leveling of
terraces to excavations, foundation construction, and landscaping.
ADDITIONAL REVIEWS

1- [Link]
In this link, there is a manual for a digital electronic level, in which ...
theoretically and graphically illustrate the different components of this device, its
care and uses

2-[Link]
The following link illustrates the different prices and types of electronic levels.
for certain fields of topography, as well as a very detailed table of
all the specifications of an electronic level in particular