The Constitution of India

Chapter IV A

Fundamental Duties
ARTICLE 51A
Fundamental Duties- It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-

(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions,
the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national
struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon
to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst
all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional
or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the
dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests,
lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living
creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry
and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and
collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels
of endeavour and achievement;
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education
to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six
and fourteen years.
 The Coordination Committee formed by GR [Link] - 2116/([Link] 43/16) SD - 4
Dated 25.4.2016 has given approved to prescribe this textbook in its meeting held on
30.01.2020 and it has been decided to implement it from the educational year 2020 - 21.

Mathematics and Statistics

(Arts and Science)

Part - I

STANDARD - XII

Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. - 411 004

Download DIKSHA App on your smartphone. If you scan the [Link]

on this page of your textbook, you will be able to access full text and
the audio-visual study material relevant to each lesson provided as
teachaing and learning aids.
First Edition : 2020 © Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum
First Reprint : 2021 Research, Pune- 411 004.
Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum
Research reserves all rights relating to the book. No part of this book should
be reproduced without the written permission of the Director, Maharashtra
State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.

Mathematics and Statistics Co-ordinator

(Arts and Science) Ujjwala Shrikant Godbole
Commitee Members I/C Special Officer for Mathematics

Dr. Mangla Narlikar (Chairman)

Dr. Sharad Gore Member
Cover
Shri. Prahallad Chippalagatti Member
&
Shri. Prasad Kunte Member
Computer Drawings
Shri. Sujit Shinde Member
Shri. Sandip Koli, Artist, Mumbai
Smt. Prajakti Gokhale Member
Shri. Ramakant Sarode Member
Smt. Ujjwala Godbole (Member -Secretary) Production
Sachchitanand Aphale
Mathematics and Statistics Chief Production Officer
(Arts and Science) Sanjay Kamble
Study Group Members Production Officer
Dr. lshwor Patil Dr. Pradeep Mugale Prashant Harne
Dr. Pradnyankumar Bhojnkar Shri. Uday Mahindrakar Asst. Production Officer
Shri. Prafullachandra Pawar Shri. Balkrishna Mapari
Shri. Sachin Batwal Shri. Devanand Bagul
Shri. Swapnil Shinde Smt. Swati Pawar Paper
Shri. Pradipkumor Bhavsar Smt. Mahadevi Mane 70 GSM Cream wove
Shri. Amit Totade Shri. Dilip Panchamia
Smt. Gouri Prachand Shri. Pramod Deshpande Print Order No.
Shri. Sharadchandra Walagade Shri. Milind Patil
Shri. Dhananjay Panhalkar Smt. Supriya Abhyankar Printer
Smt. Deepti Kharpas Smt. Nileema Khaladkor

Typesetter Publisher
Vivek Uttam Gosavi, Controller
M/s. Shree Graphic Centre,
Maharashtra State Textbook Bureau,
Mumbai Prabhadevi Mumbai- 400 025
 The Constitution of India

Preamble

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having

solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to
all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith
and worship;
EQUALITY of status and    of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of
the individual and the unity and integrity of the
Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this
twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY
ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES
THIS CONSTITUTION.
NATIONAL ANTHEM
 PREFACE
Dear Students,

Welcome to Standard XII, an important milestone in your life.

Standard XII or Higher Secondary School Certificate opens the doors of higher education.
Alternatively, you can pursue other career paths like joining the workforce. Either way, you will
find that mathematics education helps you considerably. Learning mathematics enables you
to think logically, consistently, and rationally. The curriculum for Standard XII Mathematics
and Statistics for Science and Arts students has been designed and developed keeping both of
these possibilities in mind.
The curriculum of Mathematics and Statistics for Standard XII for Science and Arts
students is divided in two parts. Part I deals with topics like Mathematical Logic, Matrices,
Vectors and Introduction to three dimensional geometry. Part II deals with Differentiation,
Integration and their applications, Introduction to random variables and statistical methods.
The new text books have three types of exercises for focussed and comprehensive practice.
First, there are exercises on every important topic. Second, there are comprehensive exercises
at the end of all chapters. Third, every chapter includes activities that students must attempt
after discussion with classmates and teachers. Additional information has been provided on
the E-balbharati website ([Link]).
We are living in the age of Internet. You can make use of modern technology with the
help of the Q.R. code given on the title page. The Q.R. code will take you to links that provide
additional useful information. Your learning will be fruitful if you balance between reading the
text books and solving exercises. Solving more problems will make you more confident and
efficient.
The text books are prepared by a subject committee and a study group. The books (Paper
I and Paper II) are reviewed by experienced teachers and eminent scholars. The Bureau
would like to thank all of them for their valuable contribution in the form of creative writing,
constructive and useful suggestions for making the text books valuable. The Bureau hopes and
wishes that the text books are very useful and well received by students, teachers and parents.
Students, you are now ready to study. All the best wishes for a happy learning experience
and a well deserved success. Enjoy learning and be successful.

(Vivek Gosavi)
Pune Director
Date: 21 February 2020 Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook
Bharatiya Saur: 2 Phalguna 1941 Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.
 Mathematics and Statistics Std. XII Part - I
Competency Statement

[Link]. Area Topic Competency Statement

1. Mathematical Logic Mathematical Logic The student will be able to
• Identify statement in logic and truth
value of it.
• Combine two or more statements
• Construct the truth table and
examine logical equivalence of
statement patterns
• Find dual and negation of statement
pattern
• Study the applications of logic to
switching circuits.
2. Matrices Matrices • Identify orders and types of matrices
• Perform basic algebraic operations
on matrices.
• Find the inverse of a matrix using
elementary transformation and
adjoint method
• Solve the system of linear equations
using matrices.
3. Trigonometric Trigonometric • Understand and write trigonometric
Functions Equations equation
• Find the principal and general solution
of a trigonometric equation.
Solution of a triangle • Solve triangle by using sine rule, co-
sine rule and projection rule and find
area of a triangle.
Invers trigonometric • Understand inverse trigonometric
function functions with domain and range.
4. Pair of straight lines Pair of straight lines • Write and interpret the combined
equation of two straight lines in
plane.
• Find the point of intersection of two
lines and calculate the acute angle
between them
• Study the general second degree
equation in x and y with reference to
homogeneous part of it
5. Vectors Vectors • Understand scalars and vectors and
algebra of vectors.
• Write vectors of 2 or 3 dimensions
understand the scalar and vector
products
• Study applications of vectors to area
of triangle.
• Interprete scalar triple product and
its applications.
• Direction ratios and direction cosines
of a vector
6. Line and Plane Line and Plane • Find different forms of equation of
line
• Find angle between two intersecting
planes
• Find the angle between a line and a
plane
• Find condition for perpendicularity
and parallelness of planes
• Calculate distance of a point from a
plane
• Find equation of a plane in different
forms
• Find angle between two intersecting
planes
• Find the angle between a line and a
plane
7. Linear programming Linear programming • Understand linear equations in one
Problem Problem and two variables.
• Find graphical solution of linear
inequation.
• Understand meaning and
formulation of L.P.P.
• Find solution of L.P.P. by graphical
methods.
 INDEX

[Link]. Chapter Page No

1. Mathematical Logic 1

2. Matrices 36

3. Trigonometric Functions 65

4. Pair of Straight Lines 112

5. Vectors 133

6. Line and Plane 194

7. Linear Programming 227

Answers 246