VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAGPUR
Department of Electrical Engineering
EEL504: DIGITAL PROTECTION OF POWER SYSTEMS
Duration: 3 Hr] End Semester Examination (W) – November 2018 [Max. Marks: 60
NOTE: 1. Attempt all questions in ascending order.
2. Notations/ conventions are according to class room course.
3. Explain in precise form (point form) with diagram whenever necessary.
4. Due weightage shall be given if questions are attempted in proper order.
5. Try to avoid supplementary answer book and thereby avoid paper wastage.
Q. No. Questions CO Marks
Q.1 (a) Justify True or False with proper explanation. CO 1 1x10
i. CT Saturation is a permanent phenomenon. -
ii. For better protection system SNR should be high. CO 5
iii. Power System oscillations are measured by PMU.
iv. Decimation increases the computation burden.
v. Biasing is never provided in practical Differential Protection.
vi. Transient over reach is due to DC offset current.
vii. High-set relays are provided in Radial Network.
viii. Anti aliasing system is used to filter the input signal to NR.
ix. Loading effect is less on instrument transformers if NRs are provided.
x. The best protection in Power System is Differential Protection.
Q.1(b) Answer the following questions. CO 1 1x10
i. Find the CTR and PTR of 400 kV Trans lines when carrying maximum power 500 MVA. -
ii. The sequence of digital signal is x(n) = {1,2, 3, 4, 5} and y(n) = {-1-,2,- 3, 4, 5}. Show the CO 5
graphical representation of these signals. ↑ ↑
iii. The input and output signals at same instant of a system are 5 volts and 25 volts
respectively. Determine the amplifier and attenuator constant of the system.
iv. What is the oversampling factor for nominal frequency in India if sampling frequency is
120 kHz?
v. The SNR(db) is 20 for the power signal of 506 mili [Link] is the noise power?
vi. The input signal x(t) = (50/51) Sin (ω t) is aliased by the sample period of 10 ms. Find the
minimum signal frequency in Hz?
vii. Determine the minimum two samples for sinusoidal voltage signal with RMS value of
(100/√2) ∕ 45o. The sampling and power frequencies are 50 KHz and 50 Hz respectively.
viii. What is the Stability factor (S) when the minimum internal fault current is 230 A and
through fault current is 1.15 kA.
ix. The 4th order Low Pass Butterworth anti-aliasing filter is used in DSP system having 8 bits
ADC. What is the cut off frequency if the sampling frequency is 3 kHz ?
x. What is the Nyquist sampling rate for the following current signal given to Numerical
relay? i(t) = √2 Sin (60 π t) + (√2/2) Sin (120 π t) + (√2/4) Sin (240 π t)
Q.2(a) Answer the following pertaining to Synchrophasor technology. CO 4 1+1+2
i. What is the motivation for Synchrophasor technology?
ii. What is the difference between PMU and PDC?
iii. What are the applications of Synchrophasor technology?
Q.2(b) Synchrophasor technology is used in post fault disturbance analysis. The four sampled data CO 4 3+3
obtained from PMU for the bus voltage is given in Table 1. Find (i) the magnitude difference
and (ii) angular separation. Consider the sampling frequency is four times the nominal power
frequency.
Q.3(a) Bus A Bus B CO 2 3+4+1
132 kV Line
PT
CT
NR Trip L
ICT
For the 132 kV Power System shown in above Figure, the Numerical Distance Relay
protection is provided. The relay is installed at substation A reads the samples at sampling
frequency 5 kHz given in Table [Link] relay is set for impedance Zset = 6.5+j18.85. Answer
the following: i. Derive the DEA algorithm. ii. Find the resistance and inductance measured
by the relay from average of 6 samples. iii. Determine whether the Numerical Relay issues
trip command.
Q.3(b) Give the device number for Distance Relay, Instantaneous Over current Relay, CO 3 2
Differential Protection Relay and Master Trip Relay.
Q.4(a) Find the 8-point FFT (DIT) of the following signal samples given in Table 3 collected in a CO 4 7
window of 8-samples. Draw the relevant Butterfly diagram.
Q.4(b) Compare the RMS values from the sinusoidal waveform samples given in Table 4 by (i) CO 3 3
Trapezoidal Rule, (ii) Simpson’s 1/3 Rule and (iii) Simpson’s 3/8 Rule.
Q.5(a) For the alternator winding shown in Figure below, a bias differential protection is provided CO 4 6
with minimum pickup current 100 mA and 10% slope. A high resistance ground fault occurs
near the grounded neutral with current distribution illustrated by the samples given in Table 5
pertaining to CT secondary side current. Apply Two Sample technique and determine if the
relay issue trip command, assume CTR 400/1. Consider fsamp as 500 Hz.
Alternator Winding
I1 I2
High resistance
ground fault
Q.5(b) Derive the equation to prove that the pseudo-inverse method minimises in the LSE/LSQ sense. CO 4 4
Total Marks = 60
makarand / 20Nov. 2018 / 25 Copies