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Class 10 Math Formulas Guide

The document provides important mathematical formulas for Class 10 covering various topics including polynomials, linear equations, quadratic equations, arithmetic progression, coordinate geometry, trigonometry, mensuration, statistics, and probability. Each section outlines key formulas, definitions, and conditions relevant to the respective topic. This serves as a concise reference for students preparing for examinations.

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2 views3 pages

Class 10 Math Formulas Guide

The document provides important mathematical formulas for Class 10 covering various topics including polynomials, linear equations, quadratic equations, arithmetic progression, coordinate geometry, trigonometry, mensuration, statistics, and probability. Each section outlines key formulas, definitions, and conditions relevant to the respective topic. This serves as a concise reference for students preparing for examinations.

Uploaded by

mohammedzubair997619
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 10 Mathematics – All Important Formulas

1. Polynomials
• If α and β are zeros of polynomial ax² + bx + c:
α + β = -b/a
αβ = c/a
• Quadratic polynomial: ax² + bx + c
• Discriminant: D = b² - 4ac

2. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables


• General form: a■x + b■y + c■ = 0 and a■x + b■y + c■ = 0
• Condition for consistency:
a■/a■ = b■/b■ = c■/c■ → Infinite solutions
a■/a■ = b■/b■ ≠ c■/c■ → No solution
a■/a■ ≠ b■/b■ → Unique solution

3. Quadratic Equations
• Quadratic equation: ax² + bx + c = 0
• Roots:
x = (-b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / (2a)
• Nature of roots:
D > 0 → Real & distinct
D = 0 → Real & equal
D < 0 → No real roots

4. Arithmetic Progression (AP)


• nth term: a■ = a + (n − 1)d
• Sum of first n terms:
S■ = n/2 [2a + (n − 1)d]
S■ = n/2 (a + l)

5. Coordinate Geometry
• Distance between two points:
d = √[(x■ − x■)² + (y■ − y■)²]
• Section formula (internal):
( (mx■ + nx■)/(m+n), (my■ + ny■)/(m+n) )
• Area of triangle:
1/2 |x■(y■−y■) + x■(y■−y■) + x■(y■−y■)|

6. Trigonometry
• Trigonometric ratios:
sinθ = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse
cosθ = Base/Hypotenuse
tanθ = Perpendicular/Base
• Identities:
sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
1 + tan²θ = sec²θ
1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ

7. Mensuration (Surface Areas & Volumes)


• Cube:
TSA = 6a², LSA = 4a², Volume = a³
• Cuboid:
TSA = 2(lb + bh + hl), Volume = lbh
• Cylinder:
CSA = 2πrh, TSA = 2πr(r + h), Volume = πr²h
• Cone:
CSA = πrl, TSA = πr(r + l), Volume = 1/3 πr²h
• Sphere:
CSA/TSA = 4πr², Volume = 4/3 πr³
• Hemisphere:
CSA = 2πr², TSA = 3πr², Volume = 2/3 πr³

8. Statistics
• Mean (Direct): Mean = Σfi xi / Σfi
• Mean (Class intervals):
Mean = a + (Σfi ui / Σfi) × h
• Median:
Median = l + [(N/2 − cf) / f] × h
• Mode:
Mode = l + [(f■ − f■)/(2f■ − f■ − f■)] × h
9. Probability
• Probability of an event:
P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes
• 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1

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