Of course, here are the answers to your questions.
Page 1 Exercises
1. Define the term "tissue". A tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and
work together to perform a specific function.
1. How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.
Xylem tissue is made up of four types of elements:
○ Tracheids
○ Vessels
○ Xylem parenchyma
○ Xylem fibres
1. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?
○ Simple tissues are made of only one type of cell. All the cells perform the same
function. Examples include parenchyma and collenchyma.
○ Complex tissues are made of more than one type of cell. These different cells
coordinate to perform a common function. Examples include xylem and phloem.
1. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma on the basis of
their cell wall.
Tissue Cell Wall Characteristics
Parenchyma Thin primary cell walls made of cellulose.
Collenchyma Unevenly thickened cell walls with extra
cellulose and pectin at the corners.
Sclerenchyma Very thick and rigid cell walls due to lignin
deposition (lignified).
1. What are the functions of the stomata? Stomata have two main functions:
○ Gas Exchange: They allow carbon dioxide (CO_2) to enter the plant for
photosynthesis and oxygen (O_2) to be released.
○ Transpiration: They allow excess water to escape from the plant in the form of
water vapour.
1. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.
Striated Muscle (Skeletal) Unstriated Muscle (Smooth) Cardiac Muscle
Long, cylindrical, unbranched Spindle-shaped fibers. Cylindrical, branched fibers.
fibers.
Multinucleated (many nuclei). Uninucleated (one nucleus). Uninucleated (one nucleus).
Shows distinct light and dark No striations. Faint striations.
bands (striations).
1. What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle? The specific function of cardiac
muscle is to contract and relax rhythmically and involuntarily throughout a person's life to
pump blood to all parts of the body.
1. Differentiate between striated, unstriated, and cardiac muscles on the basis of their
structure and site/location in the body.
Feature Striated Muscle Unstriated Muscle Cardiac Muscle
Structure Long, cylindrical, Spindle-shaped, Cylindrical, branched,
unbranched, uninucleated, with no uninucleated, with faint
multinucleated, with striations. striations and
prominent striations. intercalated discs.
Feature Striated Muscle Unstriated Muscle Cardiac Muscle
Location Attached to bones Walls of internal organs Only in the walls of the
(e.g., muscles in arms like the stomach, heart.
and legs). intestines, and blood
vessels.
1. Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.
1. Name the following. (a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth: Squamous
epithelium (b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans: Tendon (c) Tissue
that transports food in plants: Phloem (d) Tissue that stores fat in our body: Adipose
tissue (e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix: Blood (f) Tissue present in the brain:
Nervous tissue
1. Identify the type of tissue in the following:
○ Skin: Stratified squamous epithelium
○ Bark of tree: Cork (a type of protective tissue)
○ Bone: Skeletal connective tissue
○ Lining of kidney tubule: Cuboidal epithelium
○ Vascular bundle: Complex tissues (Xylem and Phloem)
Page 2 Exercises
1. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present. Parenchyma tissue is
found in many parts of the plant, including the cortex and pith of stems and roots, the
mesophyll of leaves, and in the flesh of fruits.
1. What is the role of the epidermis in plants? The role of the epidermis is protection. It
forms an outer layer that protects the plant from water loss, mechanical injury, and
invasion by fungi and bacteria.
1. How does the cork act as a protective tissue? Cork cells are dead and have a
chemical called suberin in their walls. This substance makes them impermeable to gases
and water, thus protecting the plant from water loss, injury, and infections.
1. Complete the following chart: Here is the completed chart: