Class 11 Python Concepts for Class 12
CBSE with PYQs, Flowcharts & Practice
Questions
1. Basics of Python Programming
📘 Concepts
• Syntax and indentation: Proper use of spaces to define blocks of code.
• Keywords: Reserved words like if, else, while, for, etc.
• Identifiers: Names used for variables, functions.
• Comments: # for single line, ''' ''' for multiline.
• Input/Output: input(), print(), f-strings for formatting.
• Data Types: int, float, str, bool, NoneType.
• Type Casting: Converting between types using int(), str(), float().
📙 PYQs (Past Year Questions)
➤ Q1. What is the output of: print(type(input('Enter: ')))
➤ Q2. Define identifiers with an example.
📝 Practice Questions
→ Write a program to take name and age as input and print a welcome message using f-
strings.
2. Operators and Expressions
📘 Concepts
• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **
• Relational Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
• Logical Operators: and, or, not
• Assignment Operators: =, +=, -= etc.
• Operator Precedence: Order of operations followed in Python.
📙 PYQs (Past Year Questions)
➤ Q1. Predict the output: a = 5; b = 2; print(a ** b + 10 // 3)
➤ Q2. Differentiate between = and ==.
📝 Practice Questions
→ Write a program to input two numbers and check if both are even using logical operators.
3. Conditional Statements
📘 Concepts
• if: To run a block only if condition is True.
• if-else: Provides alternative block.
• if-elif-else: Ladder for multiple conditions.
• Nested if: if inside another if.
• Logical operators in conditions.
📙 PYQs (Past Year Questions)
➤ Q1. Write a program to check if a number is positive, negative, or zero.
➤ Q2. Explain nested if with example.
📝 Practice Questions
→ Write a program to accept marks and display grade using if-elif-else.
4. Loops
📘 Concepts
• while loop: Repeats until condition becomes False.
• for loop with range(): Used for fixed repetitions.
• break: Exit loop early.
• continue: Skip current iteration.
• pass: Placeholder when no code is needed.
📙 PYQs (Past Year Questions)
➤ Q1. Write a program to print numbers 1 to 10 using while loop.
➤ Q2. Explain the use of break and continue with examples.
📝 Practice Questions
→ Write a program to calculate factorial of a number using for loop.
5. Strings
📘 Concepts
• Indexing and slicing.
• String methods: upper(), lower(), find(), replace(), split(), join(), strip().
• Immutability: Strings cannot be changed.
• String comparison and loop through strings.
📙 PYQs (Past Year Questions)
➤ Q1. What is the output of: 'python'[::-1]?
➤ Q2. Write a program to count vowels in a string.
📝 Practice Questions
→ Write a program to input a sentence and print it in uppercase.
6. Lists and Tuples
📘 Concepts
• Lists: Mutable sequences, declared with [].
• Common list methods: append, insert, pop, sort, reverse.
• Tuples: Immutable sequences, declared with ().
• List vs Tuple: Mutability and use cases.
📙 PYQs (Past Year Questions)
➤ Q1. Differentiate between list and tuple.
➤ Q2. Write code to reverse a list using slicing.
📝 Practice Questions
→ Write a program to input 5 numbers into a list and display their sum.
7. Dictionaries
📘 Concepts
• Key-value structure: {'key': value}
• Accessing, updating, deleting items.
• Methods: keys(), values(), items(), get(), update().
• Looping through dictionary.
• Nested dictionaries.
📙 PYQs (Past Year Questions)
➤ Q1. Write a program to store and display student names and marks using a dictionary.
➤ Q2. What is the use of get() in dictionaries?
📝 Practice Questions
→ Create a dictionary of 3 fruits and their prices. Print each item using loop.