Birds  Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Meropidae)

 Hoopoe (Upupidae)
Wading birds
 Spotted Wood Kingfisher (Alcedinidae)
 Order Ciconiiformes
Order Coraciiformes Family Bucerotidae
 Woolly-necked Storck (Ciconiidae)
 Black-faced Spoonbill (Threskiornithidae)  Palawan Hornbill
Chinese Egret (Ardeidae)  Rufous Hornbill
 Order Charadriiformes  Mindanao Tarictic Hornbill
 Pheasant-tailed Jacana (Jacanidae)  Visayan Wrinkled Hornbill
Gamefowl How Endemic Species Are Classified?
 Order Galliformes 1. Paleoendemic Species: Species that were once
 ⚫ Tabon Scrubfowl (Megapodidae) widespread but are now restricted to a smaller
• Palawan Peacock- Pheasant area. They are often considered "relicts" of a past
 (Phasianidae) Red Junglefowl era.

Raptors 2. Neoendemic Species: Recently evolved

species that haven't expanded beyond their limited
 Order Falconiformes [Link] are "new" in
 Philippine Falconet (Falconidae)
 Philippine Hawk- evolutionary terms.
 Eagle (Accipitridae) 3. Microendemic Species: Species that are
 Philippine Eagle restricted to a very small area (like a single
Pigeons & Doves mountain, lake, or island). Sometimes also called
narrow-range endemics.
 Order Columbiformes
4. Regional or Provincial Endemics: Species that
 (Columbidae) Pink-bellied Imperial-Pigeon
are endemic to a broader area, like a country,
Nicobar Pigeon
island group, or mountain range.
 Yellow-breasted
 Fruit-dove Luzon Bleedingheart Accipitriformes Quick Numbers: Families
Parrots Pandionidae
 Order Psittaciformes toes are of equal length, its tarsi are reticulate, and
 Colasisi or Hanging Parrot (Psittacidae) ita talons aro rounded, rather than grooved
 Philippine
Accipitridae
 Cockatoo
 (Cacatuidae) the base of the upper mandible is covered by a
 Mindanao Lorikeet nechy membrana called the cere
 (Loriidae)
Falconidae
Cuckoos & Coucals
are smaller and slender, and their long sickle-
 Order shaped wings, Presence of bony tubercles in the
 Cuculiformes nostrils
 (Cuculidae) Red-crested Malkoha Parade of Families:
 Scale-feathered
 Malkoha [Link] (Typical Broadbills)
 Rufous Coucal are brightly colored birds that present broad heads,
Nocturnal Birds large wattled eyes, and a hooked, flat, and broad
beak.
 Order
⚫ are primarily forest birds and live in
 Caprimulgiformes
 Long-tailed Nightjar (Caprimulgidae) rainforests of tropical Asia and Africa
Philippine Frogmouth (Podargidae)
 Philippine Scops-Owl (Strigidae) 2. Pittidae (Pittas)
 Grass Owl (Tytonidae) • Pittas are small to medium-sized birds with a
stocky body, strong, longish legs, and long feet.
Kingfishers & Swifts
• They have very short tails and stout, slightly
 Order Apodiformes
decurved bills. Many have brightly colored
 Island Swiftlet (Apodidae)
plumage. • Many species have bright colors on their
 Order Coraciiformes
rump, wings, and upper tail coverts that can be 9. Oriolidae (Figbirds, Old World Orioles,
covered by their wings Piopios)
• The Philippines have 6 species, 2 being endemics The beak is slightly curved and hooked.
3. Acanthizidae (Australasian Warblers) • The plumage of most species is bright and showy
(in shades of yellows and greens with black
Tiny to medium-sized (3.5-10 in (9-27 cm) ⚫have
patches). Females are duller in color than males.
short rounded wings, slender bills, long legs, and a
short tail, They have strong, slightly hooked bills; long,
pointed wings; and medium to long tails.
• Most species have olive, grey, or brown plumage.
Orioles are arboreal and tend to feed in the canopy.
although some have patches of a brighter yellow.
10. Dicruridae (Drongos)
4. Artamidae (Woodswallows, Butcherbirds &
Allies) ⚫ usually black or dark gray with a green or
purplish sheen to their feathers.
• They have sturdy bills; long, pointed wings They
are dull in color and catch insects while in flight; ⚫ the species is usually distinguished by rackets or
and unlike most passerine birds, can scar distinctive bends or warps in the tail feathers and
crests or bristles on the head
5. Aegithinidae (lora)
.
are yellow or green in color
In the Philippines, we have 7 species, 3 being
are small to medium small sized passerines
endemics
have thin legs, and their bills are proportionately
longer
11. Rhipiduridae (Fantails)
6. Campephagidae (Cuckooshrikes)
⚫ Small to medium-small slim birds with flat,
⚫
triangular bills, double rows of long rictal bristles,
have slightly hooked bi is and prominent long, rounded, fanned tails.

all species possess a relatively long tall, usually ⚫ Usually have an eyestripe or throat-patch
graduated fluffy plumage with loose, stiff feathers
named for their habit of fanning their tails as they
on the back and rump Many are gray and barred
move actively along branches
The Philippines have 11 species, 5 being endemic
7 species are known in the Philippines, and all are
7. Pachycephalidae (Whistlers & Allies) endemics

They are small to medium birds, about 5-11 inches

in length. 12. Monarchidae (Monarchs)
They have long, pointed wings; thick bills; and
Elegant birds with large patches of earth tones,
medium to long rounded tails.
blue, and rarely yellow in their plumage
Some species have crests and wattles.
Males of some species are strikingly colored
Many species are greenish-gray on their
many species have impressive crests
uppersides and lighter on their undersides.
In all monarchids the bill is markedly broad-based
There are 4 species in the Philippines; 2 are
and flat, and the feet are quite small with a fringe of
endemics
well-
8. Laniidae (Shrikes)
developed bristles around the gape
are carnivorous passerine (Lanius, is derived from
3 out of 7 species in the Philippines are endemics
the Latin word for "butcher")
⚫ Their beaks are hooked, like those of a bird of
prey, 13. Corvidae (Crows, Jays)
reflecting their predatory nature, and their calls are ⚫ stout-billed birds with bristles over their nostrils
strident Shrikes are medium-sized birds with grey,
⚫ have plain, often glossy plumage that may be
brown, or black and white plumage
monochromatic or contrastingly patterned known
The Philippines has 4 species; 1 is endemic for their high intellect
3 species are known in the Philippines; 2 are The word bulbul derives from an Arabic word
endemics meaning nightingale
Bulbuls are short-necked slender passerines.
14. Bombycillidae (Waxwings) The tails are long and the wings are short and
rounded
⚫ They have pinkish-brown and pale grey with
distinctive smooth plumage in which many body In almost all species the bill is slightly elongated
feathers are not individually visible, and slightly hooked at the end
⚫ a black and white eyestripe, a crest, a square-cut Some species are colorful with yellow, red, or
tail and pointed wings. orange vents, cheeks, throat, or supercilia, but
most are drab,
Some of the wing feathers have red tips, the
resemblance of which to sealing wax gives these with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Species
birds their common name with dull-colored eyes often sport contrasting
eyerings. 10 out of 17 species in the Philippines are
endemic
15. Stenostiridae (Fairy Flycatchers)
• All are dainty, small-bodied, long-tailed birds. 19. Hirundinidae (Swallows, Martins)
Stenostirids are active insectivores that move with
quick movements Have a slender and streamlined body
Have short bills, but strong jaws and a wide gape.
16. Paridae (Tits, Chickadees) The wings are long, pointed, and have nine primary
feather
These birds are mainly small, stocky, woodland
species with short, stout bills. Some have crests. The tail has 12 feathers and may be deeply forked,
These small to medium-sized plump passerines somewhat indented, or square-ended
often have soft plumage whose colors vary greatly
Their legs are short, as the front toes are partially
(not many streaks or spots, but nice green, yellow,
joined at the base.
and blue feathers, and also brown, grey, black, and
white patches) Common hirundine plumage is glossy dark blue or
green above and plain or streaked underparts,
have been known to form foraging groups with
often white or rufous
individuals outside of their species
6 species are present in the Philippines
We have 3 species in the Philippines and all are
endemics

20. Cettiidae (Cettia Bush Warblers & Allies)

17. Alaudidae (Larks) The species are small, stubby birds.
are small- to medium-sized birds Most have moderately long to long tails.
Many are ground birds; most lark species have long The group is typically clad in dull plumage, often
hind claws with a line above the eye, but some are more
colorful
Have dull appearance (most have streaked brown
plumage, some boldly marked with black or white) 2 out of the 6 Philippine species are endemic
• Some larks have heavy bills (reaching an extreme
in the thick-billed lark) for cracking seeds open,
while others have long, down-curved bills, which
are especially suitable for digging 21. Phylloscopidae (Leaf Warblers)
In larks the tarsus has only one set of scales on the The Phylloscopidae is comprised of many tiny tree-
rear surface, which is rounded. loving warblers.
There are 3 recorded species in the Philippines The tails are not very long and contain 12 feathers
. Many are canopy or sub-canopy species, gleaning
18. Pycnonotidae (Bulbuls) insects from leaves.

. Many are also rather plain little birds-in muted

tones of green, yellow, or brown, with whitish or
pale underparts They typically have generalized bills
Many species are more easily identified by their Most have predominantly brown plumage, with
distinctive songs than their dull plumage. minimal difference between the sexes 3 species
exist in the Philippines, 1 endemic
out of 11 species, 3 are Philippine endemics

27. Pellorneidae(Ground Babblers)

22. Acrocephalidae (Reed Warblers & Allies)
Characterized by soft, fluffy plumage and a tall on
What most share in common is their appearance: a
average the length of their body, or longer.
long thin bill, brownish upperparts, whitish
Pellorneidae have strong legs.
underparts, and a faint eyebrow stripe.
• They usually have generalized bills,
They are difficult to identify by sight, and difficult to
see as they tend to remain hidden in dense grasses Most jungle babblers have predominantly brown
or brush, so voice is often the key to identification. plumage with little sexual dimorphism,
They are usually found in open woodland, Most species have distinctive 'eyebrows' and 'caps'
reedbeds, or tall which may help to differentiate them from similarly
sized and colored species.
grass.
All 4 Philippine species are endemic
There are 4 recorded species in the Philippines
Striated Wren-Bebbler (Plocichla mindenensis)

23. Locustellidae (Grassbirds & Allies)

28. Irenidae (Fairy-bluebirds)
Tails that are usually long and pointed
They have short legs and rounded wings.
They are similarly drab brownish or buffy all over.
Many have bold dark streaks on wings and/or They have a powerful deep and notched bill [have
underside 5 out of the 11 Philippine species are slightly downcurved bills)
endemic
The plumage of the fairy bluebirds is exceptional,
with the upperparts being deep rich blue (males are
a deep
24. Cisticolidae (Cisticolas & Allies)
blue and females are duller in color)
These are generally very small birds of drab brown
or grey appearance found in open country such as All 2 Philippine species are endemic
grassland or scrub.
They are often difficult to see and many species are
similar in appearance, so the song is often the best
identification guide 29. Sittidae (Nuthatches)
9 out of 13 species are Philippine endemic Characterized by large heads, short square tails,
and powerful straight, thin, pointed bills and feet

25. Zosteropidae (White-eyes) They forage for insects hidden in or under bark by
climbing along tree trunks and branches,
As their common name implies, many species have sometimes upside-down Their habit of wedging a
a conspicuous ring of tiny white feathers around large food item in a crevice and then hacking at it
their eye with their strong bills gives this group its English
they have slender, pointed bills, and brush-tipped name
tongues
Two species are present in the Philippines; 1 is
the plumage being generally greenish olive above, endemic
and pale grey below. Some species have a white or
Sulphur-billed Nuthatch (Sitte oenocy
bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and
several have buff flanks 14 out of 17 species in the cs
Philippines are endemics

30. Sturnidae (Starlings, Rhabdornises)

26. Timaliidae (Babblers, Scimitar Babblers)
Starlings are small to medium-sized birds usually
Timaliids are small to medium birds. They have with a robust, sharp beak and strong legs and feet
strong legs, and many are quite terrestrial.
Plumage of many species is typically dark with a ⚫ They have short tails and curved bills and eat
metallic sheen Many members of the starling family nectar, berries, and insects.
are noisy and gregarious 5 out of the 36 species
Most species are brown or olive in color, but the
present in the Philippines
males of some species have brightly colored red or
yellow patches on their crown, rump, and breast. 14
out of 16 species in the Philippines are endemics
Red keeled Flowerpecker (Dicaeum australe)
31. Turdidae (Thrushes)
35. Nectariniidae (Sunbirds)
They have slender bills and stout legs and feet, the
lower leg smooth rather than scaly They have slender downcurved bills, partially
tubular tongues, and short, rounded wings Many
Plumages vary from brown or grey, to blue,
are brightly colored, often with iridescent feathers,
chestnut, or
particularly in the males
orange, sometimes with conspicuous wing patches,
The spiderhunters, of the genus Arachnothera, are
eyebrows, collars
distinct in appearance from the other members of
• Turdidae often perform undulating flight. The the
major part of the species is able to run and hop on
family. They are typically larger than the other
the ground.
sunbirds, with drab brown plumage that is the same
• 1 out of 12 species in the Philippines is endemic for both sexes, and long, down-curved beaks

Ashy Thrush (Geolcichla cinerea) 16 out of 19 Philippine species are endemics

Handsome Sunbird (Aethopyga bella)

32. Muscicapidae (Chats, Old World Naked-faced Spiderhunter (Arachnothe

Flycatchers)
Mostly have weak songs and harsh calls 36. Passeridae (Old World Sparrows,
Many species are dull brown in color, but the Snowfinches)
plumage of some can be much brighter, especially
Sparrows are physically similar to other seed-
in the males
eating birds, such as finches, but have a vestigial
Most have broad, flattened bills suited to catching dorsal outer primary feather and an extra bone in
insects in flight the tongue (preglossale -helps stiffen the tongue
when holding seeds)
Muscicapid taxonomy is controversial, chiefly
because no character is taxonomically useful Other adaptations for eating seeds are specialized
throughout the wide family 20 out of the 45 bills and elongated and specialized alimentary
Philippine species are endemic
canals
Bagobo Babbler (Leonarding wood
Most members of this family are brown or gray and
lack any bright coloration
Cinnamon bon Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus)

33. Chloropseidae (Leafbirds) 37. Estrildidae (Waxbills, Munias & Allies)

Leafbirds are brightly plumaged, with the Seed-eating passerines with short, thick, but
predominant green over the body giving rise to their pointed bills (cone-shaped bills)
comman
⚫ Most are 3-6 inches in length
пате
All estrildids build large, domed nests and lay five
Like bulbus, leafbirds drop many body feathers to ten white eggs
when they are handled. This may confuse
2 out of 9 Philippine species are endemics
predators The calls include whistles and chatters
Chestnut Munia (Lonchura atricapilla) Red-eared
All 2 Philippine species are endemics
Parrotfinch (Erythrura coloria)
Yellow-throated Leafbird (Chloropsis palawanensis) 38. Fringillidae (Finches, Euphonias)
Philippine Leafbird (Chloropsis flaviper
collectively termed true finches

34. Dicaeidae (Flowerpeckers)

Fringi lids have stout, short, conical bills, allowing
these birds to have special adaptations to feed on
seeds
These birds have a special groove on the palate's
side where the seed is wedged
The nest is typically cup-shaped
2 out of 9 Philippine species are endemics
White-cheeked Bullfinch (Pyrrhula leucogenis
39. Motacillidae (Wagtails, Pipits)
Wagtails and pipits, are slender, small to medium-
sized passerines, ranging from 14 to 17 cm (5.5 to
6.7 in) in length, with short necks and long tails.
They have long, pale legs with long toes and claws,
particularly the hind toe
The plumage of most pipits is dull brown and
reminiscent of the larks. The wagtails often have
striking plumage. Including grey, black, white, and
yellow.
Most motacillids are ground-feeding insectivores
There are 11 montacillid species in the Philippines;
no endemic
Grey Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea)
40. Calcariidae (Longspurs, Snow Buntings)
Species have brown, grey, and white plumage, with
dark brown or black irises.
The legs of most species in the family range from
dull pink to brown.
1 accidental record of the Philippines
The Lapland longspur is a robust bird, with a thick
yellow cone-shaped bill. Has a black head and
throat, white eyestripe, chestnut nape, white
underparts, and a heavily streaked black-grey back.
Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus)
41. Emberizidae (Buntings)
• Generally brownish birds.
• Most emberizids are mottled gray-brown or gray,
but many species display high-contrast streaks and
patches
Currently, 9 species are recorded in the Philippines
(8 are accidental, 1 is migrant)
Little Bunting (Emberiza pusilla)